History ravioli. Amene anatulukira dumplings? Kodi anapita dumplings (yemwe mbale)

Aliyense ng'ombe, nyama, nsomba komanso masamba, mu yofanana zonse mosamala atakulungidwa mu mtanda thinnest kwa chakudya mitundu mitundu yambiri ndi mbale chikhalidwe. Analogs wa dumplings monga khinkali, mfiti, kuwala manta, Jiao ji kale kudziwika kwa dziko kuphika. Ndiye n'chifukwa kupita dumplings? Amene mbale? Mdima ndi samveka ndi nkhani ya mankhwala lodabwitsali ndi wokondedwa. Long anazindikira kuti dumplings ake Russian ndi Siberia zakudya.

Choncho amene anabwera ndi dumplings? Tiyenera kuvomereza kuti mbale poyamba anali mizu Chinese. Today ku khitchini ndi mbiri yake ya zaka zikwi zisanu pali analogues wa pafupifupi mbale ano. History ravioli zimatengera ife mu lakutali kwambiri m'mbuyomu. Koma pano wotsutsana chakuti zinali mu Russia mu izi mbale wotchuka kwambiri, palibe m'modzi adzawona ntchito.

Choncho dumplings - ndi mbale Russian kapena ayi? The view mwambo wa mbiri zawo zinali ngati: anthu mu zakudya Russian anazilemba amene kamodzi padziko la Ural dera. Russian anaonekera m'madera amenewa zaka XIV-XV. Ndipo monga lingaliro kuika patsogolo chiphunzitso chakuti Komi, Perm, Siberia Chitata ndi anthu ena a kumpoto European la Russia dumplings anachokera China ndi zina limati Asian wakale.

Dumplings: Provenance

Chinthu chimodzi chili bwino, dumplings anapita ku Russia ndi zovuta, ngakhale yachinyengo. Choncho amene anabwera moyambirira ndi izi mbale amazipanga zokoma ndi wamba a ku osiyana mitundu chakudya, anthu ndi mayiko? Ndipo ichi alibe akalola kudzitama analenga ambiri zophikira. Kotero, kodi ife kuwauza nkhani ya dumplings?

lonena Plato yaitanidwa "Phwando" (... 385-380 BCE) limafotokoza mbale kuti ndi momvetsa amatikumbutsa dumplings - nthuli atakulungidwa mu Zakudyazi. Ndipo Roma Petronius analemba za izo. A sewero lanthabwala ndi Aristophanes wa m'nthawi ya Plato, akunena za phwando regaled mukudziwa sauteed matumba mayeso modzaza zakudya zina.

Komabe, olemba mbiri zophikira amavomereza kuti China "pelmeniziroval" Europe.

dumplings mbiri Russian

Pali Mabaibulo ambiri a zikamera wa ravioli pa nthaka Russian. Choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pamaso pa 1820-20-ntchentche. otchula dumplings ndi sadzapeza mu Cookbook aliyense Russia. Silinena wa iwo ngakhale "Kitchen msilikali" mu 1786 ndi. - ndi Cookbook otchuka S. Drukovtseva

Wina kufotokoza izi chakuti kwa nthawi yaitali dumplings mu Ural ndipo Siberia zakudya ndi mix otchuka dera ndi mtundu lonse imapezeka mu m'ma XIX.

Ndipo ena anganene kuti khitchini izi Wamkulu wa Russia pakati si makamaka losadziwika.

Zinthu za dumplings

Ambiri bwino ndi wolemba nkhani zophikira nthawi, Ekaterina Avdeeva, mu 1837 analemba "dumplings" monga mawu, hodivshem ku Siberia ntchito. Kuti mu Russia iwo amatchedwa makutu, omwe anapangidwa kwa pasitala ndi ng'ombe minced ndi bowa kapena nsomba, mazira ndipo akusinthika mu miyala. Motero, n'kupita msewu, ndipo ayenera sanatchule iwo madzi otentha, chakudya anali wokonzeka ndi chokoma.

Ngati ife titembenukira kwa mapepala a nthawi ina, m'pofunika kukumana 1830 review khofi ndi. zotukwana mawu anthu a m'chigawo Orenburg, kumene kufotokoza ravioli wolemba kuti zizifanana ndi dumplings Chiyukireniya. Iye ananena kuti dumplings (pelyany kapena permeni) ngati mapayi tiddly yophika, "Little Russian mtundu dumplings, osati tchizi, koma ndi ng'ombe," zimene Perm ndi mbale lapamtima.

History ravioli limanena kuti 1817 mbale akali weniweni zosowa. Izo anafotokoza ake Collegiate milandu N. Semivsky "dumplings, ang'ono ndi nyama minced kapena patties modzaza yophika kuti zigwirizane Chinese. Zabwino makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, iwo ayenera yophika ndi madzi. Dumplings ndi njira yabwino kwambiri msuzi. Iwo kudya owiritsa ndi vinyo wosasa wofiira. "

Ngakhale pali mapepala ena. "Chithunzi mfumu savory nyama" (1610-1613 ndipo anali.) Muli ndi kutchula "chowala ndi nkhosa." Koma Karamzin mu nkhani za chakudya, pali pa tebulo la Tsar Fedor Ivanovich, anatchula chovala.

Zinai za anthu amene akumenyana kwa dumplings

Kusamvana ndi maganizo pankhani zimene dumplings - amene dziko mbale ndi akupitirirabe lero.

• anthu Finno-Ugric tikukhala mu Urals (Udmurtia, Komi-Permian).

The umboni wofunika kwambiri kuti dumplings ayenera kuonedwa kuti ndi Kutulukira awo, amakhala ndi mawu akuti "pelnyan" palokha. Iwo pervod monga "khutu mikate." Ndipo izo zikuwoneka ngati khutu dumpling. Iye yosamalika mwa yozizira mu kathumba wamba, ngati yatsala pamphepo, mu m'chipinda chapansi kapena holo. Ndipo kuphika pelnyani yosavuta. Pakuti kudzazidwa ndi inu mukhoza kutenga nyama zoperekedwa nsembe, chabwino miyambo nsembe ya nyama mwa anthu a Urals zokwanira.

• Chinese.

Ngakhale mawu akuti "dumpling" Finno-Ugric, koma chakudya ichi - yekha Chinese, kupatula Gala lapansi. Tszyaotsy ku China okonzeka ndi zosiyanasiyana kumadzazidwa, amene Chinese ndikuutenga edible. Ndipo nyama - si chinthu chofunika kwambiri. tszyaotsy A zooneka ngati ndalama, ngakhale ali ndi bowo pakati, chizindikiro chenicheni cha chitukuko, cholakalaka thanzi ndi chuma.

• Siberians.

zina izi Dziwani kuti yekha wopatsa kwambiri Siberia dumplings - Aaborijini Siberia chakudya. A wosanjikiza woonda mtanda ndi kudzazidwa, amene anawonjezera finely anayamba kugwa ayezi - ndi apo muli ndi kuchuluka yaikulu mankhwala pambuyo nyama imene yaphedwa kapena wopambana kusakasaka. Inde, ndipo mukhoza kusunga nthawi yonse imene anali ozizira.

Ng'ombe, umene atakulungidwa mu mikate ku mtanda anapanga okha kuchokera nyama minced, mchere ndi ayezi .... Ndipo palibe mababu ndi chesnochin, monga mwambo mu gawo European la Russia. Only kumbuyo kukoma ano, kuwonjezera tsabola.

• Mongolia.

Iwo, pa apakavalo ndi galloped kudutsa Kumwera Siberia ndi Urals, kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kusiya China yekha, womangidwa pamodzi anthu onsewa ndi kuphunzira Chinsinsi. Kwa abusa wosamukasamuka, ali kwambiri theka-chotsirizidwa, imene ulendo ndi chipulumutso chenicheni. Mongolia adzakhala anadabwa kwambiri ngati munthu ali ndi funso za dumplings - amene mbale dziko, azenga kuti si iwo.

Kotero ndiye amene analemba?

Chotero funso la amene anatulukira dumplings, kuyankha ndi kovuta ndi zovuta. lingaliro kuti kukulunga nyama mu mtanda motero kuti aliyense akanakhoza munaganizapo: Chinese - China, Russia - mu Russia, Agiriki - mu Greece, Mongolia - Mongolia, ndi Germany - mu Germany. Mwa njira, lomaliza tikukhulupiriradi Olemba ravioli - Protestant Chimonko. Mu linga anazinga amalola anthu kuti adzapulumuke.

mbali national

Kuti akonze dumplings lero, zokwanira kugula theka-chotsirizidwa mu sitolo ndi kunyumba kuphika steamed, mwachangu. Koma Chinsinsi cha dumplings zokoma ayenera kukhala mu nkhokwe ya aliyense wapabanja.

Kodi sculpt dumplings

Kawirikawiri lero pali nyumba kumene nkhungu dumplings monga mu masiku akale, pafupifupi chikondwerero, ndipo monga banja. Pamene mutu wa banja mu nyama chopukusira amadula ng'ombe, Hostess amakonza mtanda kenako mabanja onse mumagulu mtanda, kumene spoons extruded, kumene makapu kapena magalasi, kuika stuffing. Ravioli apangidwe ndi limodzi. Nthawi zina mtanda anatambasula Kadulidwa mu mabwalo ofanana. Kotero inu simukufuna popanda trimmings ndi kupulumutsa nthawi.

Mwa njira, odulidwa aliyense ndi zosaloleka kwa amisiri woona. Palibe kulankhula tinganene kuti yekha falitsani zidutswa mtanda payokha aliyense akhoza sculpt pelmeni dumplings ndi enieni. Ndipo iwo ali ang'onoang'ono, ndi tastier.

Zikuoneka kuti izi ndi mbale zophweka kwambiri. Koma pa nthawi yonse ya kutchuka dumplings pali zambiri maphikidwe osiyana iwo Russia. Iwo akhala kudziwika monga powerenga - Siberia dumplings - akhoza kukhala okonzeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

kusiyana onse, makamaka stuffing ndi: angakhale ndi ng'ombe ndi pang'ono mafuta kapena fatter nkhumba ndipo, ndithudi, anyezi ndi wolapa ayezi. Popeza kudzazidwa sadzakhala n'kudziphatika kwa manja pa kuumba, ndi dumplings kusungidwa yowutsa mudyo.

Pakuti ravioli mawonekedwe ndi zofunika kwambiri. Ndipotu, iye kamodzi nampatsa dzina. Ndipo kodi icho chidzakhala chiyani? wapabanja aliyense angakuuzeni kuti muyenera sculpt dumplings ngati kachigawo plump ndi mosavuta, popanda kukoka kwambiri, agwirizane malekezero.

Siberia dumplings

Kuti akonze mtanda chifukwa cha zimenezo, kokha ufa ndi madzi. Ndiko kulondola, mchere iliyonse. Anatsanulira ufa kuonetsa, ndi kukulitsa izo anathira madzi pafupifupi wozizira. N'kuukanda n'zosavuta kwanthawi kumbuyo manja. Tsopano izo ziyenera pogona kwa theka la ola, yokutidwa ndi achinyezi Polotenchik.

Ndi ntchito mitundu itatu ya nyama: ng'ombe, nkhumba (iwo anasankha mafuta), sohatina. Kachiwiri, mchere, palibe anyezi ndi zokometsera zina. Mince finely akanadulidwa.

Koma kudzaza dumplings akhoza kukhala chirichonse cha: losavuta kirimu, ghee, karoti, anyezi, adyo ndi ena.

Chinese dumplings

Uukande pachikhalidwe ufa ndi madzi. Koma kudzazidwa amasankhidwa osiyana kwambiri: nyama, ndiwo zamasamba, mazira ndi wamitundumitundu, nyama ndi masamba. Otchuka kwambiri China dumplings - ndi "zamaluwa pamadzi" amatanthauza maganizo zovuta, chitakonzedwa ndi dzanja ndi mabowo 13, kapena "Mfumukazi mayi", modzaza nkhuku ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti amafanana ngale.

Ural dumplings

Ndi zambiri zolondola kwambiri mu nkhani iyi, zoona, kulankhula za pelnyanyah. Mu Russia, ife osokonezeka mawu awiri - "pelnyani" ndi "permians" (chakudya permjatskogo) - ndipo anapulumuka dumplings, anakonda ambiri. Ndipo anthu okhala Urals, iwo anali yaitali kwambiri mwambo mbale, chizindikiro chenicheni cha nsembe ya ng'ombe. Mwa njira, ndi mtanda angathe kuwonjezera dzira partridge kapena masewera ena.

Ural dumplings - mbale, wokonzeka motere. Nyama kudzazidwa aumbike mu chiwerengero okhwima: Ng'ombe - 45%, nkhosa - 35%, nkhumba - 20%. Ndi kubisa ngakhale anawonjezera wambirimbiri tsabola ndi anyezi. Kotero mkati lililonse ravioli anapeza msuzi zokoma. Stuffing Ndithu kukonzekera mwapadera mu ufa matabwa mwa mpunga wosweka. Sami dumplings steamed, anali osavomerezeka kuphika mu madzi kapena msuzi.

Pamene Chinsinsi ichi zokoma ravioli inalandidwa ndi Chitata, chakudya awo anali yekha nkhosa. Russian komanso zinachitika kusakaniza m'madera ng'ombe ndi nkhumba ofanana.

Kodi kuphika dumplings

Kuphika dumplings, chofunika skipyatit madzi podsolit kuti kuwonjezera Bay masamba ndi anyezi, kenako zamitengo dumplings.

Koma ndi bwino kwambiri ngati muli ndi ng'ombe msuzi, yophika pa fupa. Ngati mulibe kuphika, ndiye basi sanatchule kale kuphika dumplings. Kulawa iwo adzakhala bwino ndi watanthauzo.

About dumplings - mwambo Russian mbale kapena ayi, mukhoza kukangana yaitali. anthu angati - malingaliro ambiri. Koma mfundo angatsutse kuti dumplings kwa anthu Russian - azichitira weniweni. Ngati iwo kuumbidwa m'banja - ndi chikondwerero awiri. Chifukwa mankhwala ndithu kusunga kutentha kwa manja ndi mitima kuwakonzekeretsa. Iye ali ndi kukoma wapadera kwambiri, palibe poyerekeza sinditi mankhwala theka-yomalizidwa ku sitolo pafupi.

Kaya anthu ankaganiza kuti izo sizinali mbale wake, iye yaitali kusunga ndi kusamalira maphikidwe awo akale, kulenga latsopano, ndi mibadwo ya m'tsogolo adzayenera ndisweke ndi zokoma dumplings. Chiyambi cha owerenga Zakhala zikunenedwa mu nkhaniyi. Ndipo tsopano, kumwa mwauchidakwa kudya, kupita kuphika dumplings!