Icho chinali "Watsimikiza pa nthawi zaka malire" ndi amene ali mwini zoona?

Pali kungoganizira mbiri kuti, mu mdima wa serfdom potsiriza analumphira Russian Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, popeza lofalitsidwa chikalata yakuti "Watsimikiza pa zaka nthawi malire." Iye pafupifupi mwathunthu analanda alimi a ufulu wosamasula, anthu ochuluka kukhala akapolo wosayankhula, ena analogue ng'ombe ntchito. Komabe, lemba la "malamulo" palokha atayika, ndi mbali ya wokhutira ndi woumira kwambiri. Pa Baibulo ambiri ndithu zochitika mbiri yakale amati zaka.

Mwalamulo anatengera chiphunzitso cha

Malinga ndi mabuku mbiriyakale, "Watsimikiza pa zaka nthawi malire" yosainidwa mu 1597, pa December 4 pa kalendala ya Julius. Izi chifukwa cha maonekedwe a ulamuliro malamulo zinthu yovuta analengedwa mu dziko. Pamaso pa lamulo inali mphamvu ndendende zaka zana, chimene, kwa sabata mpaka November 26 (tsiku woyera wa St. George) ndi masiku asanu ndi awiri nthawi iliyonse sankaloledwa kutuluka odetsedwa, ponena chilakolako chake ndi kupereka mwini kulipira ndalama ( "okalamba ") mu ruble siliva. Price anali ndithu pa nthawi, koma akufuna akhale afulu wamba anayesetsa ake. zodabwitsazi amamuonera pamlingo waukulu. Komanso, nthawi zambiri pambuyo kulephera kukweza ndalama, ena serfs chabe anathamanga. Malinga ndi Baibulo anavomera mwalamulo, ndi "Watsimikiza pa zaka nthawi malire" analetsa wamba kuchoka landlords lapansi. Koma ichi chofunikira reactionary izo si. Sikunali kokwanira chabe kuzemba mwini nkhanza. "Watsimikiza pa nthawi zaka malire" kukhazikitsa yeniyeni kufufuza akuti, amene mbuyeyo akanatha kubwerera kapolo wake - zaka zisanu.

"Ukaznoy" Baibulo ndi mitundu yake

Kusapezeka kwa umboni zopelekedwa kwa wazambiriyakale - za mofanana kwa sayansi - zikusiyana pakati pa zotsatira experimental wa lingaliro lake ongolankhula. Pali awiri Mabaibulo yaikulu ponena za ndondomeko za ukapolo wa anthu wamba Russian. Malinga woyamba (otchedwa "ukaznoy") anali mosamalitsa malinga ndi malamulo a m'nthawi ya chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. Anasaina "Watsimikiza pa zaka nthawi malire", ndipo kuchokera nthawi imeneyo ... Koma chiphunzitso chimenechi ali ramifications ake. Malinga V. N. Tatischeva chikalata ichi wakhalapo kuyambira 1592, ndipo izo sizinali wolemba Fyodor Ivanovich, ndi Boris Godunov. Paper anataya, ndi kupeza ndipo sadathe. Koma iye anali.

Akuti "ukaznoy Baibulo" Ndithu ndithu, koma akudwala chilema wamba, khalidwe ziphunzitso zambiri mbiri. Bukuli lili ndi nzeru malonjezo nzeru, ndi kanthu pambali sagwirizana. Payenera kukhala lamulo, ndipo onse. Ndipo ali - ndi funso lina. Inu konse kodi ndi pepala zaka zoposa zinayi kuchitika ...

Panali lamulo?

Pa chikoka cha "lamulo" kusintha anthu m'dziko akhoza ankangoona chakuti mutu wa bukuli pafupifupi sanatchulidwe zopempha a mumzinda kubwerera kwawo 'chuma. " Zingaoneke zomveka, wovuta kupeza ndi kupulumutsa kapolo amathawathawa, amanena wachifumu "Watsimikiza pa zaka nthawi malire." Sichoncho? Chifukwa Pempho ndiye amatenga pa khalidwe osati zofuna laumwini, ndi mapemphero potsatira lamulo. Koma nzika pa tsar sanali amanena ankaona kuchita formulations kwambiri chabe.

Tenga, Agogo aakazi, ndi Tsiku St. George

Panopa chikalata okha olembedwa kutsimikizira kuti kuli anavala pa pepala chifuniro achifumu, angathe kutumikira monga Chimonko Novgorod, limene amanena kuti lamulo malinga ndi zomwe, osawuka ndi opanda minda, "palibe kuthawa." Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi tsiku, ndi woyambitsa kuchita malamulo sitikudziwa. Ndithudi kuperekedwa chilengedwe chake Tsar Fedor kovuta. Choyamba, mu zaka za ulamuliro wake kwenikweni anatsogolera dziko "imvi regent" Godunov, ndi kuti zikhoza kupangitsa izi kanthu malamulo. Chachiwiri, pali malo enieni kukhulupirira kuti chikalatacho anaonekera zaka zisanu zapitazo, ndipo kenako anawononga (mwina mwadala) ndi "Boriska" (kapena pa dongosolo). Kachitatu, n'zotheka ndithu, "Nkhalango lamulo" Analeredwa ndi Ivan Vasilyevich, koma kwafika mphamvu ina. Ngakhale Mabaibulo onse awa, mfundo ndi yakuti: Tsiku St George anawonongedwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVI ndi osawuka Ankawaphwanyira ufulu m'mbuyomo nazo.