Japanese encephalitis: zizindikiro, chotengera, katemera

Japanese encephalitis - matenda opatsirana kuti zimakhudza anthu komanso nyama. HIV makamaka umakhudza ubongo. kubuka kuderako zimachitika kuchokera August kwa September, ndi masiku zosaposa 50 chaka. Zikamera wa mvula pa maziko a yotentha - ndi opindulitsa malo matenda vekitala kuswana - udzudzu.

A mbiri pang'ono

Back mu 1871, madokotala Japanese anafotokoza matenda ndi zotsatira amapha 60% ya milandu. Kale mu 1933 Haiashi analekanitsa HIV ndi kudziwa mmene matenda imafalikira. Pa gawo la Russia, kutchula koyamba za Japanese encephalitis HIV anaonekera mu 1938, matenda anapeza kum'mwera Primorye.

HIV nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha mliri wa matenda Japan. Pa nthawi yowopsya, ndicho mu 1924, kachilombo anthu oposa 7000 anakhudzidwa, 80% odwala anafa.

Mu dziko lathu, matenda amatchedwanso B encephalitis, udzudzu kapena chilimwe-yophukira encephalitis.

Etiology ndi tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso Japanese encephalitis

The causative wothandizila matendawa ndi kachilombo mtundu Flavivirus, wa banja Togaviridae. Virus anaphedwa pamene usavutike kutentha madigiri 56 ndi mphindi 30 zokha. Ngati kuwira, kenako nkufa pambuyo 2 Mphindi. Ngati kachilombo nafota ndi zii izo sadzakhala otaika ndipo akhoza kusungidwa pafupifupi muyaya. Firiji, HIV akhoza kusunga luso la moyo pafupifupi 45 masiku ndi sing'anga mkaka isanafike masiku 30.

zamoyo zina zotheka

M'mikhalidwe achilengedwe, chonyamulira chachikulu ndi waterfowl. Ena rodent HIV komanso anali yekhayekha.

Pa famu mbadwa Japanese encephalitis akhoza kuchita nkhumba ndi akavalo. Nkhumba kunyamula matenda popanda zizindikiro ndi nyengo makulitsidwe si masiku oposa 5. kawirikawiri odwala nkhumba akhoza kukhala mowiriza mimba.

Munthu kachilombo ndi ngozi ena. Mu thupi HIV akulowa malovu udzudzu kachilombo. Anthu, nthawi makulitsidwe ranges kuchokera masiku 4 mpaka 21. Kupeza matenda akupezeka minofu mantha mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo. zotupa mtima zitheka chipolopolo ndi ubongo minofu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ambiri zambiri asymptomatic kudwala. Anthu ambiri amene konse anadwala encephalitis, pali chitetezo mu dongosolo magazi. Ndi zaka, aliyense chitetezo munthu yekhayo mphamvu.

Kodi HIV ndi ambiri?

Mwamsanga encephalitis Japanese si mmene kwambiri kwa dziko lathu. HIV zimapezeka kum'mwera kwa Asia, ndi mbali kumpoto kwa Australia, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Japan ndi Indonesia. Mndandanda wa mayiko "loopsya" zikuphatikizapo za 24 limati. Ambiri, chifukwa choopa isanayambike anthu pafupifupi anthu 3 biliyoni padziko lapansili. Mu dziko lathu udzudzu zimene zikhoza matenda zimapezeka m'midzi anasiya kunja kwa mzinda wa midzi ndi midzi, m'madera zambiri mvula ndi chinyezi mkulu.

pathogenesis

Khalidwe kwa Japanese encephalitis zimadalira boma onse a thanzi. Anthu athanzi ali, chindichepere ngozi ya matenda. Nthawi zambiri kachilombo wapha kale mu malo jekeseni.

Ngati onse HIV chomwecho "kaye" thupi, chitukuko kumadalira thupi kutentha: ngati ukupita mmwamba, ndiye Kachiromboka "othamanga" ndipo osauka kwambiri. Chinawonjezeka kutentha thupi kumathandiza kuti Inde tima matendawa. Pamene HIV wagonjetsedwa magazi ndi ubongo chotchinga, iwo anatumiza ku ubongo parenchyma. Apa ndi pamene HIV kumayambira chitukuko yogwira. Zikavuta, ndi kubalana amayamba mu wamanjenje dongosolo.

Japanese encephalitis: Zizindikiro

Anthu, matenda kumachitika mu magawo atatu:

1. Yambani. Nthawi nthawi za 3 masiku. Yodziwika ndi apitirize nyamuka kutentha kwa 40 ° C, amene akhoza kugwira motere pafupifupi 10 masiku. Man nkhawa mutu, kuzizira, kupweteka kwa lumbar msana, m'madera m'mimba ya nthambi. Odwala ena kuona nseru, kufika kusanza. Achuluke kuthamanga ndi kufulumizitsa zimachitika kuti kumenyedwa 140.

2. Nthawi pachimake. Pa 3 kapena 4 tsikulo lifika exacerbation kudwala, zizindikiro angaoneke khalidwe meninjaitisi maganizo mmene wodwalayo, ngakhale chikomokere. odwala ambiri amadwala matenda okhudza ubongo, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, zinyengo.

Minofu kamvekedwe ndi kuchuluka, ndipo wodwalayo zitha kukhala mu malo supine kumbali kapena kumbuyo. Miyendo nthawi yomweyo ili ndi udindo wopindidwa. Minofu spasms zimachitika mu khosi ndi kumatafuna minofu. N'zotheka redness a mitsempha chamawonedwe, mpaka kutupa kwa. Odwala ena ndi chibayo.

3. M'nyengo convalescence. Japanese encephalitis mu stepi ino mwina patsogolo kwa masabata 7. Thupi kutentha nthawi okhazikika ndi zinayambanso kuyenda bwino. Pangakhale zotsatira yotsalira ya kuwonongeka kwa bongo, kufooka kwa thupi, imfa ya kuyenda, bedsores.

Pali odwala amene akuvutika ndi matenda mu mawonekedwe wofatsa, wopanda zizindikiro ubongo.

matenda aakulu akhoza chakupha.

Makamaka EPIDEMIOLOGY ndi madokotala ananena zawo

Activators wa encephalitis Japanese Kawirikawiri m'madera slaboobzhityh pafupi amatunga ndi m'madambo. M'mayiko otentha, miliri yayitali kuposa masiku 50. Gulu chiopsezo amaphatikizapo anthu amene amagwira ntchito panja kapena pafupi madzi. Nthawi zambiri amadwala amuna Japanese encephalitis kwa zaka 20 mpaka 40.

Pachiopsezo komanso ali alendo amene kupita pa tchuthi ku dziko ndi kutentha, momwe muli chinyezi mkulu ndi yamvula. Izi ndi Philippines, Thailand, makamaka gawo kumpoto kwa boma, India, Indonesia ndi mayiko ena. Apaulendo ndi mpofunikila kuti katemera anapita kwa m'mayiko otentha.

The Mapa apeze ndi laling'ono kwambiri, Mwina imfa ndi 80%. Monga ulamuliro, zoopsa masiku 7, wodwala akhoza kugwa mu chikomokere, kapena khunyu akuzunza kosatha.

Anthu amene amapita ku magawo onse a matenda nthawi zambiri zotsatira yotsalira:

• psychoses;
• hyperkinesis;
• ndichepe luso aluntha;
• ziwalo;
• asthenic chikhalidwe.

miyeso matenda

Matenda a matenda - ndi ya kafukufuku matenda ndi zasayansi. Posankha njira madokotala zochokera makamaka alili. Matendawa zikuphatikizapo:

1. Laboratory mayesero. Mlungu woyamba pambuyo matenda kudziwa kudwala zingakhale ndi magazi. M'sabata ziwiri, mukhoza matenda a potengera zotsatira za maphunziro a madzimadzi cerebrospinal.

2. Serology. Matendawa ikukhudza ntchito enzyme immunoassay, kapena RN, RNGA-, RTGA- ndi DGC mayesero.

mankhwala mankhwala

Chithandizo cha odwala amene "anakumana" vekitala wa encephalitis Japanese sangathe imene dokotala chimodzi chokha. mankhwala zina matenda opatsirana, ubongo resuscitators. M'mikhalidwe n'kupuma wodwalayo ali kutumikiridwa ndi immunoglobulin kapena seramu, za 3 pa tsiku kwa sabata imodzi ya chithandizo. Pamodzi ndi kukhala mankhwala izi symptomatic ndi pathogenetic. zinthu izi Cholinga chake kupewa edema oziziritsa, detoxification, normalization ziwalo zonse ndi kachitidwe.

The vuto lalikulu ndi mankhwala si zotheka Japanese encephalitis. Therapy zitha kuchotsa zizindikiro. Choncho n'kofunika kwambiri kuti katemera m'nthawi yake.

Kupewa matenda

Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi zofunika kwambiri Katemera yogwira anthu. Katemera ndi encephalitis Japanese ndi dzina "formolvaktsina". Chabe mwadzidzidzi prophylaxis zikutanthauza ka 6 ml ya ndi 10 ml immunoglobulin hyperimmune equine seramu.

Komanso kupewa matenda - ndi mndandanda wa miyeso mabuku kuteteza ndi kuukira udzudzu. The AIDS m'madera chiopsezo akhoza akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zozitetezera. Kuvomerezedwa ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa, mafuta kuti opopera, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo kuteteza udzudzu pa chipinda chochezera.

Fikani katemera Japanese encephalitis mu Moscow kungakhale mu oyang'anira tauni ndi payekha mabungwe zachipatala.

Nthawi zambiri, munthu katemera, "kuphedwa" katemera, choncho palibe mavuto pambuyo katemera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti dokotala ngati panali thupi lawo siligwirizana. Mwina maonekedwe a redness ndi kutupa pa malo jekeseni. Zingaoneke mutu, m'mimba, kupweteka minofu. Odwala ena amadandaula chizungulire komanso nseru, kuzizira, ndi totupa.

Katemera si ikuchitika pamaso pa chiwerengero cha matenda opatsirana mu nthawi ya gestation ndi mkaka wa m'mawere, ngati amadziwika kuti hypersensitivity wodwalayo kuti mapuloteni heterologous, aakulu awo sagwirizana zochita.

Masiku ano, pali 4 Mitundu ya katemera ndi encephalitis Japanese:

• inactivated;
• zochokera maselo mbewa ubongo;
• inactivated zochokera maselo Vero;
• zophatikizananso moyo ndi moyo katemera attenuated.

Katemera wotchuka SA14-14-2 zapita WHO retraining ndi opangidwa ku China.

Alendo katemera ikuchitika, malingana ndi zomwe dziko adzapita, malo okhala, pa kunja kwa tauni kapena mu mzinda, mpaka liti, sabata 1, mwezi kapena chaka.

Katemera akhoza kuchitika kudzera ziwembu awiri:

Nzika amene ganyu munda, awonetsetse katemera wa nyama, kumene mwakula. Nkhumba zambiri ntchito "moyo" katemera. M'madera wachinsinsi monga malo chiopsezo, izo m'pofunika kuchita chithandizo zonse ndi tizilombo.