Khan Giray: yonena. mafumu Giray

Giray Mafumu pafupifupi 350 zaka za ulamuliro wa Crimea Khanate. Izo zikusonyeza kuti dziko zambiri anthu otchuka, ena mwa iwo anali lopambana mayiko, ndi ena apeza ntchito yawo mu utumiki wa sayansi ndi chikhalidwe. Mtundu dama odziwika luso mbiri ndi ethnographer Sultan Khan Giray. The yonena za munthu uyu, nkhani Giray mafumu monga lonse lidzakhala nkhani ya zokambirana zathu.

Wambiri Khan Giray

Sultan Khan Giray anabadwa mu 1808 mu chimene tsopano Adygeya. Iye anali mwana wachitatu wa Crimea Chitata m'banja lachifumu, anachokera mtundu Khan a - Mehmeda Han Giray. Komanso, mu misempha yake unaturuka ndi Sultan ndi magazi Circassian. Makhalidwe abwino a mitundu iwiri zapiringizana mu izo.

Atafika zaka 29, iye anali nawo angapo a nkhondo Russian Ufumu, pamene ali udindo wa kapitawo ndi kuwalamulira kugawanika osiyana. Koma mu nkhondo Caucasus, pamene ulikolowole kunyumba, ineyo sindinkachita nawo, ngakhale kumene, nkhondo yoopsya anati mu mtima wake.

Khan Giray analemba angapo ntchito pa ethnography, folklore ndi mbiri luso la anthu Circassian, amene alandira kutchuka lonse. "Mfundo za Circassia" ndi "Circassian mwambo" pakati pawo. Iye - woyambitsa wa ntchito angapo luso. Koma ambiri a ntchito zake linasindikizidwa pokhapokha imfa yake. Khan Giray amatchedwanso woyambitsa wa zilembo Adyghe.

Kuyambira 1841 iye wakhala akufunafuna mwakhama kulimbikitsa mfundo pakati ng'ombezi ndi (m'malo mwa boma Russian) kuti cholinga cha chiyanjanitso. Komabe, khama lake linatha pachabe. Giray Khan anafa pa zaka 34, mu 1842, ku dziko lakwawo.

Uyu zapadera anasiya mwana - Sultan Murat Giray, amene anabadwa m'chaka cha imfa ya atate ake. Koma chopereka Sultan Khan Giray mu chitukuko cha Adyghe chikhalidwe ndi mabuku - wapatali.

Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, izo zinali mu ulemu Crimea Chitata ndikufuna Sinthani dzina mu Khan Giray Kherson.

Tiyeni tipeze yemwe anali makolo a zoterezi umunthu kwambiri.

M'munsi mwa mafumu a

Tate wa mafumu, olamulira a Crimea anali Haji Giray. Iye anachokera mtundu wa Tukatimuridov - wina wa nthambi ya ana a Genghis Khan. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, mizu Giray mafumu anachokera ku Mongol mtundu Kireev, koma Genghisides anauzidwa pambuyo yekha zifukwa ufulu wawo kulamulira.

Haji Giray anabadwa pafupifupi 1397 m'dera la Belarus ano, pamene amanena za Grand Duchy la Lithuania (GDL).

Pa nthawi imeneyo, Zolotaya Orda anali kudutsa nthawi yovuta, makamaka unagawika madera osiyanasiyana palokha. Mphamvu mu Crimea, ndi thandizo la Chilituyaniya Grand Duke anatha mu 1441 kugwila Haji Giray. Motero, iye anali tate wa mafumu, amene analamulira mu Crimea pafupifupi 350 zaka.

Pa gwero la mphamvu

Mengli Giray - Khan, amene anaika maziko a mphamvu ya Crimea Khanate. Iye anali mwana wa Haji Giray, pambuyo amene imfa (mu 1466) yolimbirana mphamvu pakati pa ana.

Poyamba Khan anali mwana wamkulu wa Haji Giray - Nur Devlet. Koma Mengli Giray anaganiza kutsutsa lamulo. Kangapo mu njira izi kulimbana internecine mu Crimea Khanate anasintha wolamulira. Pankhaniyi, ngati Nur Devlet mu zonena zake zinali zochokera mphamvu ya Golden gulu ndi Ottoman, ndi Mengli uliwonse pa m'dera Crimea mukudziwa. Nayenso nkhondo limodzi zambiri m'bale - Eider. Mu 1477 izo anakwanitsa kutenga mpando wachifumu Janibekov amene sikuli kwa Giray mafumu.

Pomaliza, mu 1478 Mengli Giray ndiyenera akunde sankalemekeza ndi kupeza kufalikira mphamvu. Iye ndiye maziko a mphamvu ya Crimea Khanate. Komabe, polimbana ofuna zina, iye anali kuvomereza mkhalidwe wake m'manja mwa Ottoman Ufumu, ndi kupereka kum'mwera kwa Crimea, amene njuchi ogwirizana ake - ndi Genoese, akuyendetsa Turkey.

Crimea Khan Giray Mengli mgwirizano ndi Moscow ndi Wamkulu gulu (wolowa mmalo mwa Golden gulu), ndi Lithuania. Mu 1482 asilikali ake anawononga Kiev, komwe panthawiyo a ON. Pamene ikuchitika misa Crimea Chitata zolusa anawazunza kumadera a ku Grand Duchy la Lithuania mu chimango cha litsatidwe Moscow Pangano. Mu 1502 Mengli Giray potsiriza anawononga kwambiri gulu.

Anafa Mengli Giray mu 1515.

Zolimbikitsa Komanso mphamvu Khan a

Komanso analimbitsa State Mehmed Giray - Khan, amene analamulira pambuyo pa imfa Mengli Giray nadza kwa mwana wake. Mosiyana ndi atate wake, iye anali munthu wamng'ono akukonzekera kukhala wolamulira ndi udindo - kalga, zomwe zinagwirizana kuti udindo wa korona kalonga. Mehmed Giray anatsogolera yokopa ambiri ndi kuukira bungwe Mengli Giray.

Ndi nthawi ya inalowa wake wachifumu sankafuna m'manja mwake ulusi onse a boma, kotero kuti zoyesayesa za abale ake kuukira udzatha basi.

Mu 1519 Krymskoe Hanstvo chawonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira anasamukira ku gawo chake cha Nogai gulu. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti Nogai anagonjetsa Kazakhs, ndi zina anafunika kupempha pogona Mehmed Giray.

Pamene Mehmed anali kusintha mfundo yachilendo ya Crimea Khanate. Pambuyo chiguluchi Great anagonjetsedwa ndi atate wake, kufunika mgwirizano ndi Moscow ukulu osaonekanso, kotero Mehmed Giray Khan anachita mgwirizano ndi Lithuania ndi Russia. Pa mu 1521 woyamba lalikulu ndawala Crimea Chitata mu Moscow ukulu unapangidwa bungwe.

Mehmed Giray anakwanitsa kuvala wachifumu wa Kazan Khanate m'bale wake - Sahib Giray, potero anakafika kukopa kwake mu dera Middle Volga. Mu 1522, iye likuthandiza Astrakhan Khanate. Choncho, Mehmed Giray kwenikweni anakwanitsa pogonjetsa mbali yaikulu ya gulu kale Golden.

Koma kukhala ku Astrakhan, ndi Khan anali ledzela ndi mphamvu zake kuti kusungunuka asilikali, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito otsutsa, amene anakonza ciwembu Mehmed Giray namupha mu 1523.

Pamwamba pa mphamvu

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1523 ndi 1551 alternately analamulira abale ndi ana a Mehmed Giray. nthawi iyi anali kwambiri lakuthwa kulimbana mkati Crimea Khanate. Koma mu 1551 iye anayamba kulamulira, Devlet Giray - mwana wa Mubarak, amene nawonso, anali mwana wa Mengli Giray. Inali nthawi ya ulamuliro wake, Krymskoe Hanstvo anafika mphamvu pachimake.

Devlet Giray - Crimea Khan, amene anali makamaka anawazunza wotchuka boma Russian. nkhondo yake pachimake mu 1571, ngakhale kuyatsa Moscow.

Devlet Giray anali mu mphamvu zaka 26 ndipo anafa mu 1577.

The kufooka kwa Khanate

Ngati mwana wa Devlet Giray Mehmed Wachiwiri anatha kusunga kutchuka kwa Crimea Khanate, ndiye kufunika m'malo boma Chitata m'bwalo lonse wagwa kwambiri. Mehmed II yekha 1584, anagwetsedwa ndi yakumeneko Turkey, koma m'malo anabzala m'bale Islyam Giray. Potsatira Crimea khans unali ndi olamulira pang'ono lodziwika, ndi m'chigawo cha chipwirikiti akhala pafupipafupi ndithu.

Mu 1648, m'bwalolo ndale zazikulu idutse Islyam Giray III, mgwirizano ndi Zaporozhye Cossacks mu yomenyera nkhondo Commonwealth. Koma mgwirizano umenewu posakhalitsa unatha ndipo Hetman anasamukira ku nzika ku Russian Tsar.

Wolamulira lomaliza

Wolamulira lotsiriza la Crimea Khanate anaonekera Khan Shahin Giray. Ngakhale mu ulamuliro wa kuloŵedwa m'malo ake, Devlet Giray IV, mu 1774, Krymskoe Hanstvo ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera Ottoman ndipo anavomereza protectorate la Russia. Uwu unali umodzi mwa zikhalidwe za dziko Kuchuk Kaynarca, anamaliza wina Chirasha Turkey nkhondo.

Crimea Khan Shahin Giray anayamba kulamulira mu 1777 monga protégé la Russia. Iye anakwezedwa wachifumu m'malo ovomereza-Turkey Devlet Giray IV. Komabe, ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi manja Russian, anakhala mwachisawawa pa mpando wachifumu. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi yakuti mu 1782 anali kutsitsidwa ku mpando wachifumu wa m'bale wake Bahadir Giray, amene anayamba kulamulira pa funde la chiwembu otchuka. Mothandizidwa ndi asilikali Russian Shahin Giray anakwanitsa atengenso mpando wachifumu, koma anapitiriza ulamuliro wake anali zopeka, chifukwa mphamvu yakuuka iye analibe.

Mu 1783, zopeka izi kunatha. Shahin Giray anasaina abdication wake, ndi Crimea Khanate anali linalanda ku Russian Ufumu. Choncho anathetsa ulamuliro Giray mu Crimea. Board chitsimikizo Shagina tsopano atha kutumikira kupatula ndalama Giray Khan amene fano Tingaone pamwamba.

Shahin Giray pambuyo abdication moyo choyamba mu Russian, koma kenako anasamukira ku Turkey, komwe mu 1787 iye anaphedwa ndi kunyongedwa wa Sultan.

Giray mafumu pambuyo pa imfa mphamvu

Sultan Khan Giray - si njira yokhayo nthumwi amene ankagwira pambuyo pa imfa ya mphamvu ya mafumu pa Crimea. Wotchuka anali abale ake - Sultan Adil Giray ndi Sagat Sultan Giray, amene anakhala wotchuka m'munda wa asilikali kuti phindu la Russian Ufumu.

Great-mphwake wa Khan-Giray Giray Sultan Davlet adygskogo anakhala woyambitsa wa bwalo lamasewera. M'bale wa yamasika, Suta Crimea Giray anali tcheyamani wa Komiti ya apakavalo Division. Onse anaphedwa mu 1918 ndi Bolsheviks.

Panopa, mutu wa Crimea Khan lokha amati Dzhezzar Pamir Giray, yemwe amakhala ku London.

Kutanthauza Gireev mtundu mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi

Rhode Gireev anasiya amaonekera pa mbiriyakale ya Crimea, ndi mbiri ya dziko lonse. Dzina la mafumu izi pafupifupi inextricably zogwirizana kuli Crimea Khanate - boma, lomwe nthawi yake ankaimba otsogolera ku Eastern Europe.

Gireev amakumbukira ndipo m'badwo panopa Crimea Chitata, kusonkhana mtundu uwu ndi nthawi yaulemerero mbiri ya mtundu. Palibe zodabwitsa iwo angabweretse ikulimbikitsa kuti Sinthani dzina Khan Giray Kherson.