Kodi biosphere ndipo potero lilili?

Chiphunzitso cha "biosphere" anayamba kale. Poyamba ankaperekerako anangotchula hypothetically wosafa mamolekyulu organic ndiwo maziko a moyo. Apo ayi mfundo chipolopolo amoyo a Earth amapereka Austria miyala ndi nthaka Eduard Suess mu 1875. Iye ali mu buku lake "Chiyambi cha Alps" akuyankha funso zimene biosphere. Mu maganizo ake, ndi chipolopolo osadalira pa Dziko Lapansi, amene analengedwa ndi zamoyo. tanthauzo limeneli imayendetsedwa ndi asayansi ambiri - ngati m'nthawi E. Suess ndi ife.

Kenako mu 1926, V. I. Vernadsky likugwirizana zosiyana. Kodi ndi biosphere malinga ndi ziphunzitso za VI Vernadsky? A wasayansi m'buku lake limanena kuti khungu amoyo a lapansi osati thupi, komanso malo awo., T. E. Ndi likugwirizana ndi tanthauzo la E. Suess biogeochemical chigawo. Komabe, asayansi kuthandiza view VI Vernadsky. Choncho, pa nthawi pali awiri mofanana tanthauzo "biosphere": ndi Suess (kumvetsetsa yopapatiza) ndi Vernadsky (kumvetsetsa yotakata).

Malinga ndi ziphunzitso za Vernadsky, chipolopolo wamoyo amapereka mwa dzuwa mphamvu ndipo ali ndi malire ake. biosphere malire adzakhala lifanane ndi malire a moyo padziko lapansi. Choncho malire chapamwamba ndi pa okwera 15-20 Km (a troposphere lonse ndi kutsikira stratosphere); m'munsi zochititsa chidwi nyanja ndi nyanja Ngalande yakuya owonjezera 10 Km ndi subsoil lapansi akuya 3 Km. Zotsatira zhiznideyatelnosti zamoyo ikuoneka mawonekedwe a miyala nyanja ndi pa akuya kwambiri. Mavesi a chigoba cha Earth, pamene palibe moyo, komanso m'mlengalenga ndi chifukwa chipolopolo moyo wa chilengedwe dziko lathu.

Choncho Biosphere m'njira zamakono chiri ndi njira imene kodi alipo? Potengera ziphunzitso za E. Suess ndi Vernadsky, anapatsidwa zinthu zatsopano, tikhoza kunena kuti "Moyo Mpira" - ndi lotseguka malo thermodynamic a Dziko Lapansi, "ntchito" yomwe ikuchitika ndi mogwirizana moyo (biotic) ndi zopanda moyo (abiotic) zigawo. Kapangidwe wa gawo lino zikuphatikizapo onse majeremusi ndipo zotsala awo, mpweya, madzi ndi chipolopolo olimba lapansi, zomwe litadzala ndi zamoyo ndi kusintha mchikakamizo cha ntchito yawo.

Pofuna kukhala kugwira ntchito chipolopolo ili la Dziko ayenera ena katundu kuti kuthandiza kuti kulibe.

The katundu waukulu biosphere ndi:

1. Chigawo chapakati cha - kanthu wamoyo.
2. Omasukirana: pamafunika mphamvu kuti zichokera kunja - dzuwa mphamvu.
3. Self-lamulo (homeostasis): ndi kubwerera kwa boma wapachiyambi, ntchito zina limagwirira. Mwachitsanzo, anthu a zamoyo nthaka ndi revegetation pambuyo zotupa moti chiphala. Komabe, si nthawi zonse katundu mwina ntchito chifukwa cha phukusi anthu mu chikhalidwe (chilengedwe agrocenoses, T. E. The m'chilengedwe yokumba kuti satha kuti achire okha).
4. A zosiyanasiyana lalikulu la mitundu, amene amaonetsetsa bata ake.
5. The kupalasa njinga ya kanthu.

Polongosola mwachidule kuyankha funsoli, kodi biosphere, tikhoza kunena kuti ndi wapadera, moyo chigoba cha Lapansi, topezeka lonse kuti ali ndi malire ake, ndi katundu wina kuti mwina kukhalapo.