Kodi chiphunzitso cha filosofi, sayansi ndi chipembedzo ndi chiyani?

Kodi chiphunzitso ndi chiyani? Poyamba ndi kofunikira kunena za chiyambi cha mawu. Mawu awa ali ndi mizu yachi Greek ndi kumasulira amatanthawuza "chisankho", "lingaliro", "chisankho". Chimodzi mwa mawu ofanana ndilo "chiphunzitso", koma mwachidule.

Kodi chiphunzitso cha filosofi n'chiyani? Poyambirira, mu sayansi ndi malingaliro a dziko lakale, mawu awa ankatanthauzira chiphunzitso china. Ndipo chowonadi cha chiphunzitso ichi chimayikidwa pa maziko a mafilosofi opanda ufulu wolongosola.

Kodi chiphunzitso chachipembedzo chiri chiani? Mawu awa akuwonedwa ndi otsatila a dongosolo lililonse lachipembedzo monga chotsimikizika, chosasunthika chomwe sichidalira pa zinthu, malo, nthawi ndi zenizeni. Ndi nthano zomwe zimapanga maziko a chipembedzo chilichonse. Kulandiridwa kokha pa chikhulupiriro, sangathe kusintha, kukayikira kapena kutsutsa. Mu Chikhristu palinso mawu apadera "chiphunzitso cha chikhulupiriro" - ndikofunikira, chokha, choyenera kuti okhulupirira akhulupirire, omwe ali ndi chiyambi chachilendo.

Mpingo wa Chikhristu umati kukhulupilira kuti ndizofunikira nthawi yokhulupirira. Awa ndi mavumbulutso aumulungu omwe analandiridwa ndi anthu ena, opatsiridwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kufalitsa. Komabe, silingatsutsane kuti chiphunzitso cha "chikondi," monga maziko a chiphunzitso cha Khristu, chili ndi ufulu wokhalapo. Kuchokera ku zamulungu, lingaliro la "makhalidwe abwino achikristu ndi chikondi" sizongopeka, koma mfundo za kumvetsetsa mfundo izi ndi okhulupilira muzochita zawo za uzimu.

Kodi chiphunzitso cha filosofi ndi sayansi yotsatira ndi chiyani? Sayansi imatsutsa chiphunzitso chachipembedzo, kumangobweretsa ziphunzitso zina chabe za filosofi ndi ziphunzitso. Mu sayansi, chiphunzitso nthawi zambiri chimayamba kutenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana - mawu awa asayansi nthawi zambiri amanena za zinthu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi kutetezedwa ndi anthu amtima wapamtima, mwina ndi ochita kafukufuku omwe amaganiza bwino. Filosofi ya Marxism ndi Leninism ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha wopikisana ndi chiphunzitso chilichonse. Oyambitsa mitsinjeyi anagogomezera kuti amawona chiphunzitso chawo osati chiphunzitso, koma ngati chisonyezero cha njira zopitilira zowonjezera pamoyo weniweni, monga chitsogozo chochitapo kanthu ndikusintha.

"Dogma" ndilo tanthawuzo lotanthawuza mosaganizira kuti palibe chinthu chovomerezeka, chogwirizana ndi lingaliro la chiphunzitso. Kawirikawiri mawu awa amatchulidwa mwachipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, mu chiphunzitso cha Christian Orthodox, mawu oti "chiphunzitso" ali ndi tanthauzo la choonadi chosasinthika, chochokera kwa Mulungu. Ndipo chifukwa cha chiyambi chake chaumunthu chomwe sichikhoza kutsutsidwa ndi kutsutsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha ziphunzitso zachipembedzo ndicho chiphunzitso cha Mulungu wautatu, chiyambi cha Khristu. Mpingo unayambitsa lingaliro la chiphunzitso mwachindunji cha chipembedzo chachipembedzo, momwe mawu ake, osati mawu ake okha, akufunikira, monga momwe zinaliri mu filosofi yakale. Kodi chikhalidwe ndi chiyani, mawu akuti "chikhulupiliro" adayambitsidwa ndi akatswiri akale achigiriki a Zenon ndi Pyrrhon, omwe anakana chidziwitso chenicheni ndikudzudzula amatsenga ena chifukwa cha zolakwika, zomveka.