Kodi Kukula Truffles: mycelium, luso nthaka. Kodi truffles kukula

N'zokayikitsa kuti anakumana munthu adali asadamvepo za truffles. Koma Ambiri a ife akanatha kamodzi kuyesa izi kudzikondweretsa mtengo chakudya chokoma. Zimachitika kotero kawirikawiri kuti pamene amanena chilichonse chakuti akhoza kuyesa kusonkhanitsa m'dera ake wakunja kwatawuni, anthu anazunguzika kugwedeza. Nditawerenga nkhani imeneyi, mudzaphunzila mmene kukhala truffles kunyumba.

Kodi ilo limakula izi bowa wapadera?

Ngakhale kuti masiku ano wakula pafupifupi mbali ya dziko, truffle akadali ankaona chuma dziko la France. Anthu a boma amatchedwa izi zingawakhumudwitse zachilendo yekha monga "capricious kalonga" kapena "wakuda diamondi".

Anadabwa lalikulu ndi chakuti ngakhale lero palibe amene anganene motsimikiza mtheradi mmene truffle limakula. Izi sankadziwika ngakhale kwa akatswiri ambiri a moyo wake zoyenera kuphunzira bowa. Mfundo yakuti pansi, pamene pali truffles, nayenso zimadalira zomera, ndi mizu yomwe gwero yaikulu chakudya. Poyankha truffles rhizomes mitengo kupereka chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. nkhosi Micellar wa bowa uzikuta mizu ya zitsamba ndi mitengo ukulowerera iwo ndi chinyezi zina. Mu sayansi, coexistence amenewa amadziwika kuti kudalirana.

Monga kuchulukana truffle?

Iwo mycelium ndi mbali zofunika ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense wa bowa ndi. Choncho, m'madera truffles kukula, amafunika chisamaliro chapadera kugwira ntchito iliyonse yomanga. Kuyambira wathanzi mycelium akuyamba mwachangu kukhala fruiting thupi, spores amene adzatenge nawo mbali mu kubalana wotsatira. Mosiyana ndi ena onse bowa, kubalana truffle zimadalira wamoyo nyama nkhalango. Nyama kupeza mudye. Kenako kupukusa truffle spores kugwa pansi, kupereka moyo ndi mycelium latsopano. Kukopa chidwi cha nyama nkhalango, bowa exudes kukoma zina. Komabe, si abwino tanthauzo anthu kununkhiza. Akubwera kuchokera kwambiri truffles chonunkha kwambiri monga fungo la anyezi kuvunda kapena oipitsidwa hering'i. Ndipo mitundu yochepa ya bowa ndi mwachangu Zimachititsa katulutsidwe wa madzi chapamimba anthu. mitundu ina yotero ndi wakuda Perigord truffle.

Kodi truffle?

Kufotokozera za bowa angapezeke mu lowongolera apadera iliyonse. Izi mobisa marsupial bowa chikasu, imvi, loyera kapena lakuda mthunzi ali ndi minofu klubnepodobnoe thupi, ataphimbidwa ndi khungu akhakula. Mkati bowa ndi nyama imene inkawoneka ngati ndikuyenda mu misempha. Makulidwe chakudya chokoma, chimene kudula ngati mabo opukutidwa, akhoza osiyanasiyana monga mazira zinziri kwa apulo chachikulu. Mycelium truffle imakhala ya ulusi abwino omwe kudutsa mu zigawo lamkati la maselo kotekisi a mizu ndi mwachangu zimavuta nawo.

Kodi zinthu akhoza kukula izi bowa mobisa?

Pamaso truffles kukula, muyenera kufunsa, iwo akhoza kukula m'madera ena. The chikhalidwe chachikulu kulima bowa chakudya chokoma imatengedwa nyengo ofunda. akwaniritsa zimenezi sakanakhoza kukhala bwino yosayenera kwa madera amenewa la Portugal, Spain, kum'mwera Germany, Italy, France ndi Croatia. Iye amalima pa Pacific gombe la America, Tunisia, Algeria ndi Morocco. kawirikawiri kupeza truffles mu dela la mzinda.

Kodi n'zotheka kukula chakudya chokoma ichi kunyumba?

Masiku ano, anthu ambiri a anthu ndi mmene kukula truffles, ndipo ngati kuchita nokha. Ingonenani kuti ndi chintchito. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kufikako kukhazikitsa ndi udindo wonse. Nkofunika kusankha mbewu bwino apamwamba, kupeza malo abwino ndi kukonzekera nthaka bwino.

Anthu amene ali ndi chidwi mmene kukula truffles kunyumba, kumvetsa kuti ndi zolimbitsa thupi zovuta kwambiri kuti amafuna njira udindo.

Magawo waukulu kuswana bowa

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti kulima truffles umachitika mu magawo atatu. Pa siteji yoyamba ya kupatsidwa zina imagwiridwa mycelium mu malo yabwino kwambiri. Chinthu chachiwiri ndi kukula mbande ya matupi zipatso. Ndipo pambuyo kuti mukhoza kuyamba chodzala truffle wamng'ono mazira. Monga ulamuliro, bowa ndi ayipanga ndi chodzala mitengo achinyamata ndi truffle mycelium otukuka.

Kodi kusankha kukakonzera malo chodzala?

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti bowa awa ali chabe ndithu. Iwo akusowa ofunda kotentha nyengo. Choncho, anthu amene amakhala m'madera ndi nyengo wosakhazikika, ndi yotentha kwambiri ndi yozizira, ndi bwino kusiya mfundo. Ngati mukukhala m'dera limene zinthu kukula chakudya chokoma, mukhoza bwinobwino chitani kukhazikitsa dongosolo lake.

Pamaso truffles kukula, muyenera kupeza malo oyenera a dziko. Nthaka ayenera kukhala wolemera mu kashiamu ndi manyowa, zimene pH amalimbikitsa ayenera kukhala osachepera 7.5. Malo lomwe anakonza zoti mbewu truffles, payenera kukhala bowa zina, amatha kupikisana nawo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti inunso embossed m'dera akhoza kusokoneza makina tillage.

Ambiri, malo ayenera yabwino malo wachibale dzuwa ndi mphepo. Komanso, ayenera kukhala kugonjetsedwa kukokoloka madzi, ndipo ndi otsetsereka osati choposa madigiri 15.

ndondomeko kubzala

Kupanga zinthu mulingo woyenera kulima truffles, mukhoza chitani mwachindunji ankafika pa. Nthawi yabwino kubzala ndikamezetsanidwemo bowa mycelium mbande ankaona masika, pamene sayembezereka chisanu. mitengo Young anabzala mu nthaka, mfulu kwathunthu namsongole. Chifukwa chaichi, maenje nakumba pansi, kuya kwa imene imafikira 75 cm. The utali wozungulira wa masentimita 40 kuchokera mtengo uliwonse anabzala tikulimbikitsidwa kutsanulira wosanjikiza kuphimbira chaka chatha wagwa thundu masamba. Mbande ayenera yokutidwa ndi filimu kutentha pulasitiki.

Pali njira ina kwa kukula bowa - pa utuchi. Komabe, njira imeneyi kumaphatikizapo mokwanira chisanadze analamula maphunziro pansi. The gawo lapansi ayenera kukhutitsa kashiamu ndi manyowa, zimene ndi pamwamba yokutidwa ndi thundu atsopano kapena mumamera utuchi. Patatha izi, nthaka ayenera kukhetsa feteleza zovuta, ndipo ndiye yekha mukhoza kuyamba chodzala bowa. Mycelium truffles wothira nthaka ndi kufalitsa pa utuchi.

Posamalira kubzala?

Muganize momwe kukula truffles, musati kumasuka, poganiza kuti mutabzala, mukhoza kungokhala kumbuyo ndipo dikirani kuti zokolola. Ndipotu, iwo amafuna ena mosamala. Nthawi mitengo ayenera kudyetsedwa feteleza zovuta, amene mosavuta anapeza mu shopu aliyense apadera. Komanso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthaka micronutrients pang'ono (boron, nthaka, magnesium ndi chitsulo). chiwembu Izi ndi oyenera kulima otuwira katemela ndi mycelium wa truffle lapansi.

Komanso, musaiwale za tizirombo waukulu wa bowa lachifumu, monga nkhumba ndi akalulu. Nyama zimenezi ndi kutiletsa Kuyambitsa m'dera limene truffles kukula. Osati zochepa pachiswe bowa ichi ndi wakuda mphemvu ndi weevils. Mitengo mwamantha truffle amafunika kusamalidwa. Iwo ayenera pansi kudulira zodziwitsa ndi kuchotsa mbali yaikulu ya nthambi amphamvu ndi thunthu kuchepetsa kutalika. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kuwonjezeka permeability wa Madzi a mvula ndi dzuwa mu nthaka.

kukolola

Anaonekera m'chilimwe truffle fruiting thupi ayenera kukula kwa miyezi ingapo. Monga ulamuliro, m'dzinja akafika chikhalidwe amawathandiza. Kucha wakuda truffle kukoma ndi kupitirira matamando, exudes fungo zosangalatsa wamphamvu ndithu. bowa Underripe tingaone ndi chipolopolo utoto. Monga ulamuliro, zokolola za truffles wakuda akhoza kukolola kuchokera November kuti March. Kusasitsa mitundu woyera Burgundy ndipo pali pang'ono mofulumira.

Collection wa bowa izi amatikumbutsa kwambiri mbatata yokolola. Komabe, pali subtleties ochepa. Apo ayi mukhoza mwangozi kuwononga mycelium, kuti munda truffles msanga adzauma. Tiyenera kuchita changu chisamaliro, pang'onopang'ono kuchotsa dothi ndi fruiting matupi a bowa. Sitiyenera bwanji kukhulupirika kwa kapangidwe nthaka ndi kuteteza dongosolo la mycorrhiza. Pasakhale kusonkhanitsa bowa kucha.

Mofulumira yokolola truffles wakucha akhoza kukhala mu ndondomeko ya nyama ophunzitsidwa mwapadera. Iwo anatuluka ndi fungo la zipatso zobisika pansi pa nthaka thupi. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito osati agalu, komanso nkhumba. Kuchokera m'dera chiwembu cha mahekitala wina akhoza amatengedwa kuyambira 50 mpaka 100 makilogalamu bowa.

Ambiri mwa mbewu mwangwiro anasunga mu chaka. Truffles akhoza zii ndi zouma ndi lyophilization.

nsonga zothandiza oyamba bowa

Nthawi yomweyo isanafike kubzala mitengo achinyamata sangathe manyowa panthaka. Kuchita zimenezi imfa ya mycelium lapansi. Pa ankafika m'pofunika kuteteza mizu ya mbande. M'dzenje, Adzakhala m'menemo zibzalidwe ndi mitengo achinyamata, ayenera kuthira madzi pang'ono, kuwaza ndi nthaka ndi madzi nthawi zambiri.

M'tsogolo, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka padziko samapezeka ming'alu. Pankhani ya maphunziro malo awa ayenera kuwaza mchenga. Kuwonjezera mitengo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndi mitengo ina, kuphatikizapo maolivi, zipatso ndi Redwood. Pakuti kulima bwino kuya truffles kubzala ayenera 75 cm. Njira yokhayo kuonetsetsa chitetezo bowa mobisa ku chisanu, mphepo ndi tizirombo. Izo kutiletsa kukula truffles pafupi spruce, popula, msondodzi ndi mgoza.