Kodi kukula truffles: luso yochepayi

Kupanga mankhwala chakudya - Ntchitoyi zotsatira zimene ziri zonse zikufunika kwambiri. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa cha mwayi kuti ndi chakudya chokoma ndi zachilengedwe anthu ofuna kupereka nthawi.

Amene amadzipereka kuti agwire kupanga mankhwala munda zikuoneka kulabadira zosowazi kwa dziko lathu, lingaliro la malonda ulimi, monga kulima truffles. Kodi kukula truffles zinthu Russian zachilengedwe ndi mmene opindulitsa angakhale kupanga chakudya chokoma ichi?

"Golden Bowa". Truffle - ndi mtengo?

Palibe mmodzi wa bowa alipo si okonzeka kulipira okwera mtengo kwambiri mu dziko, pa truffle kuti: mtengo 1 makilogalamu ranges kuchokera $ 500 $ 5000.

Komanso, kunja si zachilendo amagulitsa nsombazo, imene truffles ndi zogulitsa, ngati mogometsa. Malinga zosiyanasiyana ndi, quality, kulemera ndi magawo ena a mtengo wa munthu "golide bowa" angafikire zosayenera mkulu wa mayuro zikwi zingapo.

Kumene, truffles amamwa ndi mwayi pang'ono kukhala maphwando kuti ntchito zimenezi. Ndi mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza bowa, amene wakula mu chilengedwe. Odyera, menyu womwenso mbale ku "Golden bowa" mofunitsitsa amagula wamkulu pa m'minda truffle. Price 1 makilogalamu mankhwala si mantha.

Kodi kufunika truffle

Ndipotu, mitundu ya bowa. Koma si onse oyenera kudya. Mu kuphika, ntchito wiri zokha basi. White, amatchedwanso Piedmont - kwambiri kawirikawiri ndi zofunika. Chimakula makamaka Italy, ndipo makamaka kudera la Piedmont, anapereka dzina kwa maganizo. bowa ali osalimba, wosakhwima fungo ndi kukoma zokoma. Mwatsoka, truffles izi kukula mu nyumba sizingatheke.

view wina - wakuda, kapena, monga iwo ukutchedwa, Perigord truffle. Malo bowa ndi - ndi eponymous French dera. Chifukwa chakuti truffle wakuda si monga capricious loyera, ndi labwino kwa kulima mu munda wa, Perigord truffle limakula m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, komanso mu Russia ndi Ukraine.

Kuonjezera paminda iwiri, pali mitundu ina edible. Mwachitsanzo, Chinese kapena yotentha. Koma m'minda ambiri masuti wakuda. Choncho, kunena za momwe kukula truffles, kawirikawiri mu malingaliro ndi mtundu wa Perigord.

Truffle kukula mu Russia. Zikhalidwe chopezera mbewu

mazana angapo chidwi ndi mndandanda wa truffles analola amapeza chilinganizo Nzofunikira kukula bwino za m'minda ndi truffle. Sayansi ya kukula truffles - m'malo zovuta, zodula, ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, ndondomeko yaitali. Kuti kukolola koyamba adzatenga zaka zosachepera 5 chisamaliro mosamala ulimi. Kodi mukufuna kudziwa mmene kukula truffles? Mu malo oyamba, kuti chakudya chokoma whimsical anagwira ndipo anayamba kukula, amafuna:

• abwino nyengo ndi malo ankafika;
• lachonde (nthaka);
• mycorrhiza.

Nyengo ndi mpumulo makhalidwe

The kotentha ofunda nyengo ndi khola mlingo wochepa wa mpweya - waukulu nyengo amafuna truffle. Ofatsa bowa sangakhoze kulekerera kutentha kulikonse kwambiri kapena yaitali nyengo yozizira.

Kodi ndi mmene kukhala truffles mu dziko lathu? Kwa kupanga bwino wosakanikirana chapakati Russia - dzuwa osati m'chilimwe kotentha, mvula kasupe ndi kutentha yophukira chakudya chokoma kwa zochotsa kukula kwa bowa ndi.

Ngati pangano la dziko sanakonzekere, n'zotheka kukula truffles mu zapansi. Mderali ayenera kukhala mokwanira lalikulu, ndi chinyezi yabwino ndi kutentha khola pafupifupi 22 madigiri.

Dothi truffle munda

Pakuti nthaka imene kukula truffles, umafuna chimodzimodzi mkulu. Kufunika kwa kusanthula zasayansi wa machulukitsidwe zakudya nthaka, asafe, mpweya, laimu, calcium. Komanso, nyemba zanu ayenera kukhala atengeke kukokoloka madzi, ndi pa makona a osapitirira 15 madigiri. Msinkhu topsoil chofunika si masentimita zosakwana 30.

Asanadzalemo kwenikweni kufufuzidwa bwino asidi-zamchere, zomwe ndi pansi truffles. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mu mayesero awiri osavuta. A nthaka pang'ono anatengedwa pa malo ananena pa munda, muyenera kuwonjezera mu chidebe ndi viniga woyera. Ngati zimene - ndi hiss zofewa wa njira, ndi wovulaza acidity. Chiyeso china ikuchitika mwa pepala litmus, inu basi agwera pansi. Pepala ayenera kutembenukira buluu. Pakalibe zimenezi zingachitike ndi osakwanira soda. Mu izi ndi zina mlingo mlandu gawo zamchere zochuluka pang'onopang'ono powonjezera laimu.

Mycorrhiza ndi kudzalidwa kwa mbande

muzu kudalirana mtengo-okondedwa ndi truffle amatchedwa "mycorrhiza". bowa limakula mobisa pa mizu ya mtengo Gulu la truffles 5-7. Wood chakudya ake "anansi" ndi zonse zofunika kukula: chakudya, amino zidulo, mavitamini, ndipo amaika ena zinthu zimene zimakhudza kukoma katundu wa bowa ndi. Koma truffle si tiziromboti - ndi kudalirana amathandiza nkhuni ladzala ndi mchere ndi phosphorous.

Kudzala mycelial bowa mbewu chuma, chikuchitika mu magawo angapo.

Nkofunika kudziwa za m'nthaka lotseguka anabzala mbewu ndi bowa mycorrhizal. Latha mbande kachilombo mycelium truffle, mukanatha kugula chabe. Ndipo kuti alenge ndi kudzikonda mycorrhiza, mbande amafuna abwenzi mitengo ndi dziko lapansi ndi malo achilengedwe a truffles, mycelium kachilombo. Pomwepo kenaka matenda mycelium truffle mmera osachepera masabata awiri iyenela wosabala mwamtheradi. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo kwaokha mmera zingabzalidwe pansi lotseguka. Apa momwe:

• Pa masentimita 70 zitsime zakuya zakonzedwa kuthira pang'ono madzi, ndiyeno anabzala mtengo mycorrhizal wokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
• Chofunika kulenga wosanjikiza lotchinga zitsime mkati masentimita 40. Izi zikhoza kukhala wosanjikiza filimu munda, masamba nkhalango ndi nthambi udzu.
• Zofunika: zosavomerezeka kwa mitengo mbewu kwambiri pafupi wina ndi mnzake. The mulingo woyenera ankafika - 5 4 mamita Choncho 1 mahekitala sipadzakhala oposa 500 zomera mycorrhizal.
• Pamaso kubzala, si koyenera kuti ntchito fetereza zina, kuti kuvulaza mycelium.

Mutabzala mycorrhiza ndi mmera kulimbitsa, muyenera chaka chonse. Kenako, truffle ndi mwabata ndipo sadzadwalanso chokhazikika pa muzu.

chisamaliro Komanso amenewa: izo chofunika kuchotsa namsongole kuzungulira ndegeyo, osati kuiwala kumasula kasupe ndi zonse kuthirira njira mitengo kukapanda kuleka. Ming'alu kuti mwina anapanga pansi, onetsetsani kuti adzaze ndi mchenga.

Nthawi yonse ya kukula kwa mbande ayenera kutetezedwa makoswe, akalulu ndi tizirombo. Komanso pamalowa, pamodzi ndi mitengo, ogwirizana kungakhale chomera, kufupi ndi kumene kukula cranky chakudya chokoma sindingakhoze. Mitengo imeneyi ayenera kuyeretsa.

Kodi mitengo ayenera kukula truffles

The mnzanga weniweni kwa mycorrhiza ndi thundu. Koma pangakhale kubwera ndi mitengo monga maolivi, otuwira, sequoia, mumamera hornbeam, kapena mtundu uliwonse wa zipatso zipatso.

Zofunika: truffle m'gulu sadzalekerera msondodzi, popula, paini, mgoza, Oil! Mitengo imeneyi mu munda sayenera.

Kodi kupeza mbewu?

Nakulitsa truffles zipse kunyumba kuchokera pa chiyambi mpaka masika ndi chiwerengero cha bowa kuti akhoza anasonkhana nthawi ina yotero - amanenera - makilogalamu 10 kapena 15 pa mahekitala.

Zipatso zina za dziko lapansi truffle ndi osiyana mu sikokwanira kudzala ndi kukula. bowa Izi ndi kufunika kuyang'ana - mbewu chingabisike pa akuya pafupifupi 30 cm pansi. Bwino, ndithudi, kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuyembekezera kugula truffles nyama ophunzitsidwa mwapadera (galu kapena nkhumba) kuti akhoza sniff kunja chakudya chokoma. Koma ngati wina wokuthandizani mu chuma kumeneko, pali zizindikiro zochepa, limene mungapeze banja laling'ono la truffles:

• Fungo la kucha truffles banja laling'ono nthawizonse amakopa tizilombo. Pachifukwa ichi, pa malo "zimayambitsa" bowa, nthawizonse analemba ambiri midges.
• Grass kukula pa truffle, nthawi ya kusasitsa wa bowa limafa uphwetsa.
• Dziko la truffles pang'ono anakweza.

Kodi kusunga bowa anasonkhana

Mosakayikira, mankhwala abwino - mwatsopano kudula, ndilo kuti si anasonkhana tsiku kuposa wina zapitazo. Komabe, ngati kukhazikitsa truffle mbale kapena kuphika zakudya zimenezi zingakhale pang'ono kenako, kusunga kukoma onse ndi katundu zakudya za bowa zotsatirazi malamulo yosungirako ayenera kutsata:

• Nthawi zonse kusunga truffles popanda ukuchoka pansi, chifukwa ngati chidebe achilengedwe, koma odulidwa wolemera bowa kuchokera kanthu mufunika tizilombo ndi imfa ya zachilengedwe kukoma wosakhwima;
• cool kutentha yosungirako (firiji);
• oyang'anira zophika Professional amalangiza njira yosungira masoka chinyezi truffle: bulauni bowa atakulungidwa mu pepala greaseproof ndi malo chidebe ndi mpunga youma.

Choncho, mfundo za mmene kukula bowa truffles, ndipo kodi zinthu zosowa kulenga, tinganene kuti ndondomeko yawo yopanga ndi amazipanga yaitali ndi amtengo wapatali. Komabe, m'minda ya chakudya chokoma ichi si wamba okha a ku Ulaya, koma pang'onopang'ono ikupita patsogolo ku Russia. chifukwa chake n'chapafupi: bizinesi lipindulitsa, zivute zitani. Truffle, kamodzi anabzala, fruiting ndi yaitali kwambiri, mpaka zaka 30. Ndipo anapatsidwa mtengo ndi kufunika mkulu, kuyembekezeredwa kuti ndalama zonse kulipira mu zaka zoyambirira za kukolola.