Kodi kuonanso khansa? Kodi ndi zingati kuti kufufuzidwa khansa ndi kumene kuti anayesedwa?

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, khansara wakhala sizachilendo. Zimayambitsa pathologies osiyana. Izi zili choncho makamaka kumakhala kutengera za kumtundu, osauka khalidwe chakudya, malo osauka. Ngati mukukayikira khansara wa akatswiri amalangiza kupita kuchipatala ndi matenda.

ayamikira angapo kiyi

Kodi kuonanso khansa? Amene dokotala lankhulani? Awa ndi ambiri mafunso ena anapempha anthu amene akuganiza Oncology pa. Choyamba, tiyenera yokumana ndi katswiri. Dokotala wina amene amathandiza anthu matenda ndi chithandizo cha matenda a khansa, akutchedwa oncologist. Kodi ine anayesedwa kwa khansara mu kafukufukuyu? dokotala zifotokoza, mankhwala mayesero zasayansi. Ngati ndi kotheka, adokotala amalangiza kukumana ultrasound, yopangidwa tomography, mammography ndi njira zina matenda, malingana ndi malo anafuna chotupa cha. Chofunika kwambiri ndi zotsatira za mayeso choyezera, monga anayesedwa pamaso pa khansara mu magawo oyambirira mungathe, atakhoza kusanthula mwachizolowezi kwa zolembera chotupa. Zitachitika zinthu izi zonse katswiri amalingalira za kufunika biopsy a. Pa ndondomeko, kachidutswa kakang'ono minofu akutengedwa kufufuza histological. njira imeneyi, malinga ndi zimene akatswiri ambiri, ndi njira yolondola kwambiri ndi matenda. Biopsy limasonyeza, umene ndi membala wa maselo chotupa. Ndondomeko anachita pansi mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo, anachitazi kwambiri zimabweretsa. Pambuyo mwai izi zonse zidzakhala bwino, pali khansa kapena ayi.

Kodi tiyenera kuchita kangati Ine kuyesedwa?

Akatswiri dziwani kuti kumayambiriro kwenikweni, pamene kukula kwa zotupa ndi ang'ono ndi zilibe poizoni mankhwala thupi la kuwola, ndi matenda zabodza zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa. Ngati vuto likupitirirabe mukhoza kuyesedwa kachiwiri. Popeza khansa akhoza kuyesedwa kwa mu njira yachibadwa loyang'anira chizolowezi, izo m'pofunika kukaonana ndi adokotala kamodzi pa chaka pansi pa zaka makumi anai, ndipo atafa - kawiri pa chaka (pakalibe madandaulo). mayeso njira ati awulule kudwala pamisinkhu amenable mankhwala.

Chifukwa matenda?

Nthawi imene kuphimba khansa silingakhoze kokha kupulumutsa miyoyo komanso kupewa kuchepa quality. Ndicho chifukwa Akatswiri amalangiza kuti yoyendela ndi ayesedwe zonse. Komanso tisaiwale kuti matenda kwambiri kumawonjezera dzuwa la miyeso kuchipatala ngati akufunika kutero. Ndi patsogolo posachedwapa mu mankhwala m'munda kudziwika pathologies imagwiridwa mofulumira ndi molondola. Odwala anafunikira chithandizo yekha kuti boma thanzi lake.

Kodi ine anayesedwa khansa?

Kuwonjezera pa zipatala mwachizolowezi ndi zipatala, pali apadera pakati khansa. Pafupifupi mzinda waukulu mu Russia pali mabungwe amenewa. Mu Moscow, mwachitsanzo, kuphimba khansa ikuchitika mu "chipatala European" (SPC ano Oncology opaleshoni, wa pamalo okwerera sitima Tula), City Oncology Hospital № 62 (okwerera sitima Tushinskaya) Multidisciplinary Clinic "Union" (m. Sokolniki, Electrozavodskaya) ndi zina malo. Kodi kuti aone ana khansa? Mu Moscow mu 2011, izo linatsegulidwa apadera Scientific Oncological Center tanthauzo feduro. chipatala Izi imatengedwa kwambiri sayansi okonzeka ndi waukulu mu Europe.

Ndani ayenera ndisanabadwe?

Mu malo oyamba, kukaona oncologist analimbikitsa anthu amene amagwa mu "gulu chiopsezo". Zikuphatikizapo akazi ndi amuna a zaka zoposa 55, nthawi zambiri mowa ndi utsi, onenepa. Ayenera ndisanabadwe ndi anthu amene amazunza chakudya chosamanga, khalani solarium ndi dzuwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito sunscreen nthawi yomweyo. anayendera analimbikitsa ndi anthu ndi ntchito otsika thupi. Mofanana kwambiri ndi tinatengera (majini) kutengera za. Ngati munthu achibale anapezeka ndi khansa, ayenera kumwedwa ndi chidwi changu ku dziko la thanzi lake ndi kuyendera katswiri.

Kodi kafukufuku?

A chikhalidwe precancerous imatengedwa kuti n'zofanana ndi chitukuko cha khansa. M'pofunika kudziwa m'nthawi yake. Lero chothekera kwambiri, monga anayesedwa khansa akhoza kukhala ngati mu chipatala nthawi zonse, ndi malo apadera. Pakuti kudziwika bwino kwambiri kudwala panopa ntchito zipangizo zamakono kwambiri, akatswiri kwambiri oyenerera. Bwinobwino zambiri kumatenga wina kwa masiku awiri. Amakhulupirira m'malo outpatient moyang'aniridwa mosamala zachipatala. Malinga ndi zotsatira kafukufuku wodwala amalandira mfundo zonse za mthupi mwawo thanzi. The katswiri nawonso mafunso anu onse. Ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwala mwamsanga Kwalamulidwa, wodwala amalandira malangizo ndi malangizo. Kodi ndi zingati kuti kufufuzidwa khansa? Mitengo zimadalira kuphunzira mndandanda wa mayesero ndi ndondomeko matenda, umene amalangiza dokotala. Pafupifupi okwana ndalama kafukufuku kuchokera 1.5 kuti madola 3 zikwi..

mayesero kodi kutenga Oncology?

Panopa, mitundu pafupifupi zonse zodyerana khansa zachitika njira zothandiza matenda. Makamaka, adokotala akhoza kuyitanitsa mammogram. Izi chifuwa kuphunzira. Kudziwa khansara mu chiberekero analimbikitsa Pap kuipitsa mbiri ya mayeso. Pakuti Kupeza Vuto m'matumbo kudwala anafufuza chopondapo mayeso kwa magazi zamatsenga. General matenda a khansa zinthu zimene angapo. Kwenikweni, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti apereke magazi (zofunikila kusanthula), kukayezetsa Kujambula, CT jambulani (positron umuna), gastroscopy ndi colonoscopy, ndi biopsy. The katswiri amathanso perekani ndi mafupa chiyembekezo ndi kufufuza laparoscopic. Wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu matenda a khansa amatenga ultrasound. Ndondomeko zambiri zikutisonyeza mphamvu ya chitukuko cha kudwala. Kawirikawiri biopsy imagwiridwa pansi CT kapena ultrasound. Komanso, nthawi zambiri amaikidwa cytogenetics, immuno kafukufuku ndi thoracoscopy (biopsy ndi kuyendera masomphenya a chifuwa).

Kodi zimapangitsa magazi?

Zasayansi Oncology zotsatira angakhale osokoneza. Komabe, atayezetsa chofunika. kusanthula mwaukadauloZida amatilola kudziwa mlingo wa zolembera chotupa ulamuliro uliwonse, kukhazikitsa kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa maselo a khansa mu thupi. Zikomo onse a pamwamba ntchito katswiri amakhazikitsa mmene chilengedwe ziwalo chotupa ndi kachitidwe, komanso pamaso pa foci ndi metastases. Chifukwa, ya kamwedwe chofunika akanasankhidwa wodwala aliyense payekha.

Matenda a khansa ya chifuwa ndi kapepala m'mimba

Mmodzi wa khansa ambiri ndi khansa ya m'mapapo lero. Ngati mukukayikira zinthu chotupa m'pofunika posachedwapa kuwona dotolo. Kodi ndafika pa khansa ya m'mapapo? Kodi ndi zinthu zotani matenda akhonza kusankha katswiri? The chida kafukufuku ndi mbali ya chifuwa - radiography. Zochepa chabe amakulolani kuona pamaso pa mfundo kapena neoplasm. Yosaoneka pa radiographs zotupa yaing'ono wapezeka pa CT jambulani. Ngati wodwalayo chifuwa limodzi ndi phlegm, izo bwinobwino simungathe kutiona. M'pofunika kuphunzira ndi biopsy minofu ya m'mapapo. Iwo akhoza kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, zochepa chabe pamalangizo m'mapapo minofu mpukutu dokotala akhoza zidzachitike pa bronchoscopy - m'mapapo chikhalidwe cheke ntchito yapadera woonda chubu (bronchoscope) ndi gwero kuwala. bronchoscope umayamba mwachindunji mu thupi M'mimbamo kudzera m'mphako ya. biopsy A angathe kuchitidwa ndi njira yotseguka. Thoracoscopy kudzera ang'ambe thupilo yaing'ono umene uchitika mu m'munsi mwa khosi. Dokotala amaika mu zipangizo mediastinum natenga lymph minofu kwa kusanthula. Kodi ndafika pa khansa matumbo? Ngati mukukayikira ndi chotupa chija m'dera la kapepalako m'mimba akapatsidwa ndi colonoscopy. Ntchito kafukufuku wapadera dokotala akuyendera padziko lamkati la matumbo ndi kuwunika chikhalidwe chake.

Pomaliza

Malingaliro a akatswiri pa matenda njira ya pathologies oncological ndi osokoneza kwambiri. mayesero kuphimba kuchepetsa mlingo imfa mwa unyinji ambiri a anthu. Ichi ndi chifukwa, makamaka kuthekera kwa ama magawo oyambirira a matenda ndi ntchito zida zamakono. Pankhaniyi, zikuoneka kopita kwa chithandizo chokwanira, kuchotsa wodwalayo zotupa pa. Komabe, pali umboni wosonyeza kuti njira ya kafukufuku njira anaulula kwambiri ndithu zotupa chosaopsa. Chifukwa cha ntchito njira olanda matenda imene odwala ongoyendayenda pachiswe. Today pali mayankho omveka bwino ndiponso achindunji funso lokhudza kufunika mayeso njira. Panopa akapereka zifukwa ubwino wa sayansi wina wa njira alipo komanso kukhazikitsa, kodi m'pofunika gulu mwambo mosamala mu malo oyamba.