Kodi kuwerengera penshioni tsogolo nokha: mkulu, malipiro, pakubwezeretsa, Mwachitsanzo

Mudziwa kuwerengetsa pantchito m'tsogolo, n'kofunika, monga zambiri adzalola chithunzi chooneka bwino cha tsogolo ndalama, nyengo ntchito yogwira. Mu chimango cha nkhani imeneyi, pali mfundo zina zabwino ambiri omwe sakudziwika kwa munthu wamba mwa msewu.

mudziwe Basic

Pamaso akuyendayenda mawerengedwe aligorivimu, n'zomveka kuthana ndi zomwe ndi penshoni. Wina mafotokozedwe a zophweka kwambiri ndi: a chipukuta misozi cha ndalama malipiro benefiti kwa anthu amene akhala inshuwaransi, ndi chifukwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zaka, ndi sanathenso zowathandiza.

Pali mitundu itatu ya penshoni, amene ali ofunika podziwa:

- TP anachititsa olumala;

- TP pa zaka (zaka);

- TA kugwirizana ndi imfa ya breadwinner a.

The ndalama za penshoni ndi zopereka inshuwalansi mabwana. Tizidalira penshioni ndi akazi amene anakwanitsa zaka 55, ndipo amuna omwe anagonjetsa 60 wazaka akukula. Ndi momveka bwino malamulo amene kupereka yankho losavuta la funso - kodi zaka zopuma pantchito tsopano mwachangu mu Russia. Koma ngakhale nzika, titero, reworked, izo sakhala wopanda chidwi.

Pa mphindi, ndi thumba penshioni amagwiritsa chilinganizo mwachilungamo zovuta kuwerengetsa ndalama, koma izi chifukwa kufuna kuganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakhudze payout kuchuluka. Koma mokulira, pofuna kumvetsa mmene kuwerengera ndi penshoni, muyenera kuganizira zizindikiro ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawerengedwe a. Tikuyankhula zokhudza zinthu zotsatirazi:

- Cu (m'munsi gawo). akonzedwa uliri matupi, kutenga nkhani pamaso pa achibale amadalira malamulo mu ndondomeko ya ntchito ndi zaka.

- LF (mbali ndalama zolipirira ntchito penshoni). gawo ili aumbike kwa ndalama ku ndalama ya ndalama penshioni kuti Fund ndi penshioni ya ku Russia komanso zopereka inshuwalansi kwawo.

- MF (inshuwalansi mbali ya penshioni ya). Izo zimatengera likulu penshioni, amene nawonso, imakhala ndi mbali ziwiri: Uwerenge premiums inshuwalansi kuyambira 2002 ndipo akuti penshioni chuma isanafike nthawi iyi.

Ambiri, mawerengedwe amagwiritsa ntchito zidutswa ziwiri za nkhani nzika - kuti kusintha penshioni kenako. Ndipo townsfolk akufuna kumvetsa mmene kuwerengera penshioni m'tsogolo, Ndipotu zimenezi ziyenera n'komwe.

Yotsala ya nkhaniyi tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane ndi nkhani zimene zili zogwirizana osiyana- siyana kuphatikizapo usilikali.

Chofunika kuganizira pamaso ankatha kuwerengetsera

Kuti timvetse bwino mmene kuwerengera pantchito m'tsogolo, muyenera kulabadira ena mokoma potsata kukula kwa malipiro. Choncho, magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu ndi zikhalidwe za mawerengedwe adzakhala yosiyaniranapo:

- Amene adapuma, kupitiriza ntchito, tizidalira chakuti malipiro pa iwowa, si zalephereka, Komanso pang'onopang'ono kuonjezera.

- Ngati munthu akukonzekera mapeto a nthawi ntchito ndi ntchito kwambiri pamaso pa kusintha, ukatswiri wake ndi chidzakanidwa recalculated mu mfundo popanda kutaya chilichonse chuma.

- Pali anthu amene zaka pafupi pantchito, koma iwo konse mwalamulo ntchito kwa zaka 15. gulu nzika, komanso anthu amene alibe nthawi zonse, kokha angathe kulandira penshioni chikhalidwe.

- Nkofunika kudziwa kuti yogwira ntchito ntchito ziwiri Sindizakubweretsanso ubwino chogwirika. Izi ukugwirizana ndi mfundo zotsatirazi: chiwerengero cha mfundo zomwe chidzankhalira ndi kwenikweni kukhala pa mlingo wa nzika alandire malipiro boma kwa bwana chomwecho.

- Kuganizira mmene kuwerengera penshioni, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti yogawa umbuli wa chidwi pakati kudzikundikira ndi inshuwalansi penshioni kungayambitse zomvetsa ena. Kuchuluka kwa malipiro adzakhala ngati patsogolo gulu Adzadzipezera.

Chabwino, zoonekeratu n'chakuti otchedwa malipiro mu envelopu worsens kaonedwe penshioni monga kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa amachotsera.

Pa dongosolo ngongole ndi kusintha kiyi

Nkofunika kudziwa chakuti kusintha penshioni wapanga kusintha dongosolo accrual, koma ntchito kokha ubwino zaka zaka. M'dera lino, mbali yomwe anali amodzi, tsopano kupatukana zinthu payekha mawerengedwe a. Tikulankhula za inshuwalansi ndi penshoni kuntchito. Ndi mtundu wa inshuwalansi anatsimikiza ndi mfundo. Kudziunjikira chiwerengero ankafuna, muyenera kupereka zopereka zonse kwa inshuwalansi penshioni gulu. Koma m'pofunika kuganizira mfundo kuti zosintha zimenezi zili zogwirizana ndi anthu amene ntchito unayambitsidwa mu 2015. Amene kugwira ntchito kale nthawi imeneyi kusintha mu dongosolo sangathe kupulumuka.

Koma kwa achinyamata, izi zikutanthauza kuti mwa njira zimenezi, monga mawerengedwe a penshioni, ndi malipiro pafupifupi sadzakhala yekha kudziwa chinthu. Ambiri, pofuna kumvetsa mtundu wa pantchito mukhoza kuwerenga, muyenera kuganizira zigawo zitatu:

- nthawi ya mkulu;

- akuti pantchito ;

- kuchuluka kwa amachotsera.

Ngati mbadwo wapitawo, kunali kofunika kuti basi kuchuluka kwa ndalama za osachepera zaka 5 zinachitikira ofunda ntchito kwa achinyamata tsiku ndi zofunika zina pa makina.

Choyamba, kuchuluka zinafunika nthawi ya ntchito yakalavula adzakula chaka chilichonse mpaka akafika mlingo wa zaka 15. mphindi ino zidzafika 2025.

Tsopano - mwapadera za zofunika kulandira penshoni:

- Choyamba muyenera kukwaniritsa zaka zopuma pantchito. Kwa amayi ndi zaka 55, amuna ayenera kugwira ntchito mpaka 60.

- M'pofunika ntchito chochitika osachepera ntchito. Tikulankhula za nyengo ya zaka 6 mpaka 15.

- The chikhalidwe yomaliza pamaso pa nambala chofunika mfundo, zomwe ndi 30 kapena kuposa.

mipira accrual zichitike basi. Izi adzatengedwa chifukwa pamene zinthu monga kukula kwa zopereka, mkulu ndi zaka, imene nzika munthu chimakagona.

Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa penshioni ya, zogwirizana ndi achinyamata pazikhalanso onse zolozerazi. Ngati pali chosowa mfundo kapena zochitika ndi waufupi kwambiri, linanena bungwe pa holide kuchedwa kwa zaka 5. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi si ofunika mawonekedwe a penshoni - chikhalidwe kapena ntchito.

Anthu amene anamaliza ntchito kapena wokonzeka kusiya ntchito mogwirizana ndi akamayandikira zaka zopuma pantchito, osadandaula. Ngakhale ziwerengero ndipo angatembenuke, kapena iwo sikungawononge kuchuluka kwa ndalama za penshoni, kapena china izo zidzapangitsa kuti awonjezere.

Kutheka kupeza mabonasi

M'malamulo panopa, nzika anthu ena athe kupeza mfundo zapadera. mabonasi awa kupereka milandu zotsatirazi:

- Ngati mukufuna kusamalira ana olumala. Kwa chaka cha chisamaliro chotero wapatsidwa 1.8 mpira.

- Pamene nzika kulowa usilikali m'gulu la asilikali Russian. Padzakhala yagoletsa mfundo 1.8 kwa chaka cha utumiki.

- tizidalira mabonasi mungathe ndi akazi amene ali pa umayi tchuthi. Imeneyi, nawuza chiwembu kusiyana pang'ono. Traditional 1.8 kumabweretsa mpira chaka choyamba lamulo. Otsatirawa masiku 365 mpata kuti mpira 3.6. M'chaka chachitatu cha tchuthi kusamalira mwana anatenga chizindikiro kwa mlingo wa mipira 5.4. Ngati nthawi ya lamulo adzakhala olumpha zaka zitatu, chaka chilichonse boma adzakhala mlandu ndi 5.4 mpira.

- mabonasi kudzakhala kupezeka kwa anthu amene amasamalira wachibale amene zaka kuposa zaka 80. Nawa nauza pa mlingo muyezo (1.8).

Kupitiriza mutu wa mipira, muyenera kamodzinso Atchule kufunika kwa mkulu. Monga tafotokozazi, monga mwa mayendedwe akale, icho sichinali chizindikiro kiyi, amene ankaimba lalikulu udindo amachotsera kukula. Tsopano zinthu zasintha: mapangidwe chotero zonse phindu mwezi monga zowonjezerazo penshioni kwa mkulu Iwo adzakhala makhalidwe ofunika. Kuti anthu amene akhala akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali chidzankhalira moyo wawo wautali ntchito kuti adzakhala ndi zimakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa ndalama za penshoni.

Ngati ife kulankhula za mmene mipira mopitirira, m'pofunika kulabadira chilinganizo zotsatirazi:

(IPO wa chaka N / NGOs mu chaka N) * 10.

kumene pansi pa IPO m'pofunika kudziŵa zopereka nzika munthu ku thumba la penshioni, NGOs mu mfundo izi zikutanthauza mlanduwo, ndi kalata N ntchito potanthauza chaka makamaka.

Chiwembu cha mawerengedwe

Ponena za malipiro m'tsogolo anthu amene amayandikira kwa zaka zopuma pantchito, m'pofunika ntchito chiwembu zosiyana koposa pa nkhani ya achinyamata, amene adakali ndi ntchito yambiri.

Ngati nzika ya la Russia anayamba ntchito pamaso January 1, 2002, ndiye zogwirizana chilinganizo zotsatirazi kuti kuwerengetsa penshoni:

P = PBS + SCH1 SCH2 + + cha ku Switzerland.

Pansi kufunika FBI kuti amvetsetse ndi yoikidwiratu penshioni zofunika, amene anapereka boma.

SCH1 - ndi inshuwalansi mbali ya penshioni limene masamu ntchito mayikidwe bwana premiums mpaka 2002.

SCH2 - inshuwalansi gawo, wopangidwa mwa zopereka kuyambira 2002.

Monga anatsimikiza ndi CB ndi valorisation cha kuchuluka zimadalira chiwerengero cha zaka zonse za utumiki.

Ngati utoto pa siteji ya mawerengedwe aligorivimu, ndondomeko adzakhala penapake zovuta chithunzi.

Motero kuganizira stazhevoy chimene adzakhala ndi zimakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa ndalama za penshoni chifukwa. Apo iye anali motere: 0,55 mayunitsi anatumizidwa amuna zaka 25 za utumiki pamaso kusintha (2002) ndi akazi pa nyengo 20 chaka. Mu nkhani ya chopitirira malire imeneyi chaka chilichonse anawonjezera 0.01 umodzi chinthu, mbali yogwira mwina upambana chilemba cha 0,20. Choncho pansi pa mutu wa "mmene kuwerengera penshioni tsogolo" poyamba ayenera kumatsatira zinachitikira.

Chotsatira ndi mawerengedwe a chiŵerengero cha malipiro a wopuma pantchito tsogolo ndi zasungidwa ambiri ku dziko 2000 - 2001 zaka. Kapenanso, deta angagwiritsidwe ntchito iliyonse miyezi 60 kuntchito, zomwe ziribe yopuma.

Pankhaniyi chiŵerengero sayenera upambana mlingo wa 1.2. Ngati tikulankhula za anthu a kumpoto, ndiye chithunzi ichi adzakhala kwanthawi padziko 1.4-1.9 mayunitsi. Izi kwakukulukulu zimadalira koyefishienti malipiro, pakati anaika mu dera.

Mu sitepe yotsatira analandira pafupifupi malipiro kuchulukitsa ndi koyefishienti ndi kuchuluka kwa 1671 rubles. Chithunzi yamasika pafupifupi mwezi malipiro mu dzikolo 3 kotala 2001, amene anali kulandila malipiro. Chifukwa ndi penshioni, anabwereza mogwirizana ndi malamulo atsopano.

yafupika penshioni

Pankhaniyi, monga funso zogwirizana "mmene kuwerengera penshioni yokha?". Koma kuti kuwerengetsera kupatukana anali olondola akwaniritse chiwerengero cha zochita motsatizana.

- Choyamba, tiyeni titenge nkhani maudindo awo - kaya amatanthauza siyana mokondera. Pezani zambiri pa webusaiti yathu PF, muli mndandanda wa kudzinenera kuti kulola akatswiri kupita pa choyenera zina pamaso ena wene.

- Ngati ntchito anakhumba wapezeka mndandanda njira yotsatirayi kuchepetsedwa kuonetsetsa kuti chimatanthauza nthawi yeniyeni ntchito kuti awerengedwa zinachitikira. Pa nthawi imeneyi, nkofunika kulabadira moyo wautali onse ndi zokakamiza, makoma a amene anali kugwira ntchito, chifukwa pali mndandanda wa mabizinezi zokhudzana ndi gulu mwayi.

- kuwerengera chochitika chomvetsa deta ya bwana wakale, muyenera kufufuza ngati mudziwe analandira zofunikira za malamulo panopa. Komanso ayenera kudziwa mmene mipira ambiri zimatsimikizira Uwerenge zaka za kutenga nkhani mitengo ya zopereka penshioni. Masamba kupezeka mu PF.

- Nazo chiwerengero cha mfundo kuchulukitsa ndi koyefishienti pantchito, ndipo kenako kupeza yafupika kukula penshioni.

The ntchito ya utumiki pakompyuta

Amene akufuna kupita mu njira yosavuta, n'zomveka kuti kulabadira Chiwerengero penshioni, ndiko pawebusaiti yovomerezeka ya Fund RF penshioni. pulogalamu Izi kwambiri wosalira ndondomeko kuwerengetsa zizindikiro chofunika.

utumiki chino chikulongosola onse athandizira zogwirizana zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka penshioni ndi nthawi kuchoka pa tchuthi. Chofunika - kudzaza m'minda yonse, amene ali ndi ntchito yosavuta.

pantchito Chiwerengero amatipatsa cholinga ambiri chithunzi. Pamene akuchita kuwerengetsera kuti amaganizira Mwachitsanzo, kunkhondo. Ngakhale mawu amenewa si kumatanthauza kukhala ndi kutalika kwa msonkhano iye nzika Russian afika mfundo 1.8.

Kodi n'komwe zaka zonse zoyenera ntchito ofunda. Kupatulapo Pankhaniyi kulandira umayi Watsimikiza nthawi. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ambiri a tchuthi kusamalira mwana Komanso ankaona.

Dziwani chakuti Russia mukhoza kupeza bonasi kwa penshoni yawo pa mlingo wa 25%, ngati zaka 30 otsiriza akukhala m'midzi ndi kugwira ntchito mu gawo la ulimi.

Nanga bwanji zinachitikira Soviet

Ambiri amachita chidwi ndi chakuti momwe ife tidzatenga chifukwa cha mkulu anapeza m'nyengo Soviet, ndipo ngati izi ambiri likhale laphindu. Popanda zimenezi n'zovuta kumvetsa mmene kuwerengera ndi penshioni mkazi anabadwa mu 1961 ndi anthu ena, amene anayamba ntchito yake pa msonkhanopo.

Choyamba, tisaiwale kuti kutalika kwa omwe analandira mpaka 2002, kuphatikizapo ku maziko a Chitaganya cha Russia, ndi n'komwe. Ngati zaka chisanadze kusintha, chiwerengero cha ntchito wafika poipa 27, kuti iwo zidzawonjezedwa china. kukula kwake mudzangokhala magawo awiri: 0,55 kwa zaka 20 za utumiki pamaso 2002 ndi 0.01 pa 12 miyezi pa malamulo ndi chinanena kuti pa nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri adzakhala 0,07. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, koyefishienti imene malipiro a 1.2 adzakhala anasamutsidwa.

Koma, mwatsoka, kwa anthu ambiri Soviet malipiro kwa mawerengedwe penshioni Iyayi n'komwe. M'malo mwake, amaganizira malipiro pafupifupi mu dziko mu nthawi kuchokera 2000 mpaka mu 2001, amene anali wofanana 1647 rubles. Kuchotsera malipiro Soviet kuti molondola kudziwa likulu penshioni. zolozerazi zidzawonjezedwa kwa zopereka aphunzitseni unalembedwa pambuyo kusintha.

Pafupifupi nzika amene wachita zaka 35 ndipo amalandira malipiro 20,000 rubles. athe kuwerenga pa penshioni 35% ya kukula kwake, n'zochepa kwambiri kuposa 7000 rubles. Izi zikhoza kukhala ndithu utawaleza chitsanzo cha kuwerengetsa penshoni adzakhala zogwirizana nzika amene ankagwira ntchito mwakhama nthawi Union. The kuphatikiza yekha ndi kuonetsetsa kuti pamene ntchito mu m'badwo malipiro penshioni zimasungika.

lankhondo

The ndondomeko kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama za penshoni kwa gulu ili nzika ali makhalidwe yake kuti ayenera n'komwe. Choncho, kulongosola mmene kuwerengera penshioni asilikali, muyenera kudziwa kuti pantchito Chiwerengero adzakhala kuganizira magawo otsatirawa mu nkhani iyi:

- The kutalika kwa utumiki. Kutalika kwa ntchito ntchito kumakhudza mwachindunji pa kukula kwa malipiro. Only chifukwa chizindikiro ichi amapereka ndalama usilikali akhoza chinawonjezeka ndi 50%. Komanso, chaka chilichonse amabweretsa zambiri osasamba 3% surcharge.

- Kupunduka, amene wakhala zotsatira za matenda aliwonse. Pankhaniyi, gawo angafikire 75%.

- Kupeza chilema ankatumikira mu ankhondo Russian. Izi zikachitika, ubwino ziwonjezeke kwa 130%, koma zimene kudzadalira kukula gawo gulu analandira ndikatha kumfunsafunsa zachipatala.

Kulankhula ponena za mmene kuwerengera pantchito Utumiki wa Mkati, ndi Dziwani kuti kwenikweni aumbike mwa mofanana wa asilikali. Ndi maziko mawerengedwe adzakhala kutalika kwa utumiki. Kuwonjezera mlingo wa ndalama zimakhudza zinthu monga malipiro udindo wapadera ndi udindo.

Kodi zinthu milandu IP

Ayenerere penshioni ndi, amalonda munthu ayenera zinachitikira zaka 15. Nkofunika kufotokozera mfundo yakuti monga nthawi anatsimikiza mtima nthawi imene zopereka zinapangidwa kuti thumba penshioni, zomwe zilibe kanthu kaya ikuchitika panthawi ntchito yogwira ntchito kapena ayi.

Mu IP uyu adzakhala m'gulu m'litali mwa nthawi yomweyo, ngati momwe zinalili ndi anthu ena (Watsimikiza, akutumikira mu gulu lankhondo la chisamaliro olumala, etc ..).

Pankhani mfundo penshioni, iwo kwa pantchito adzafunika osachepera 30.

zotsatira

Choncho pokhala ndi mmene kuwerengera ndi penshoni, mukhoza amanena mawu otsatirawa: boma umalimbana mapangidwe cholinga kukula kwa ndalama kwa osiyana- siyana nzika. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mu chilinganizo cha kuwerengetsa pano monga athandizira. Pankhani ya mawerengedwe awo awo, ndiye njira yachangu kuchita ntchito - ntchito penshioni Chiwerengero pa malo PF.