Kodi mitsempha mafuta? thandizo kwa mpweya poyizoni

Mu zamoyo wa munthu nthawi zonse anali kukhalabe ake kukhalapo. adani ake zinali zovuta moyo, carnivores lalikulu ndi kuti chinthu choyipa wina okhalapo aluntha. Kukana kutentha ozizira ndipo anthu anaphunzira kumanga nyumba ndi zovala, ndi kuwagonjetsa zilombo zolusa komanso adani wanzeru - luso bwino kupha. Ulendo oyamba kugwiritsa organic poizoni tinganene kuti ndi mivi poizoni adagadabula. Koma anthu sikunali kokwanira; icho chakhala anasonyeza monga kugunda yayikulu nambala ya adani, ndipo anatulukira mitsempha mpweya.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Mitsempha mpweya - gulu la wothandizira mankhwala nkhondo, kupanga organophosphorus pawiri (organophosphates ndi FOS FOV). thunthu ndi poizoni kwambiri. Ikhoza izo anakonza ntchito ngati chida zoopsa. Komabe, odziwa bwino ntchito wothandizila mankhwala pa First World nkhondo ngati chida wachititsa namondwe kumusonyeza anthu. Ngakhale chitukuko cha nthawi anali kupatula zoopsa kuposa mitsempha mpweya ano. Germany ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba ngati poizoni mankhwala chloro. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse izo anagwira ntchito pa ulimi wa sarin mpweya. chitukuko oopsa yachedwetsedwa, koma osati kwathunthu kwa iye anakana.

Mfundo Zina zinachitikira

Woyamba mwalamulo olembedwa mankhwala kuukira zinachitika mu 1915 (April). Koma mbiri ankafuna poyizoni misa ndi mpweya patsogolo. Izi anatchulidwa za m'masiku a China wakale ndi kaundula wa Ages Middle.

mankhwala Organophosphorus anali okonzeka mu 1846 ku France sayansi Louis Jacques thenar. Mu 1934 kale, ndi German sayansi Gerhard Shradar kuyesera kukhala ndi tizilombo ogwira ntchito organophosphorus nthumwi kuti asalalikire wamanjenje dongosolo la tizilombo. Mu 1936, m'kupita kwa zatsopano, zinali mpweya mitsempha - ng'ombe. Mu 1937, wasayansi zinachitika kuti mchikakamizo cha dontho la mankhwala ake ndipo anapeza kuti angaononge anthu. Pambuyo kuti anakakamizika kuti afotokoze kutsegula kwa Dipatimenti ya chitetezo.

Mu 1938, Schrader ndi gulu la ogwira lithe mitsempha mpweya sarin. ntchito zapamwamba ziweto ndi nthawi 10. Mu 1944, German R. Kuhn apanga ngakhale mpweya kwambiri poizoni - soman. Patapita kanthawi, Kutacha pawiri owopsa - cyclosarin.

Ikani chitukuko mankhwala, Germany, kapena sanayese n'komwe, kapena analibe nthawi. Koma zatsopano pa akaidi yozunzirako inachitika ndipo anafotokoza.

Sarin mpweya. Makamaka zimakhudza thupi

wamanjenje dongosolo zoti kotero kuti maselo ake pazokha mtunda microscopically yaing'ono. Koma ngakhale izi laling'ono mokwanira kuti usokoneze zikhumbo ubongo, zomwe zikugwira owayimira kutengerapo kudutsa mtunda ndi jitters kufalikira kwa maselo pafupi ndi ulusi. Zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito imeneyi akuti acetylcholine. Iwo chililaka mtunda ndi amachititsa chidule kwa maselo a minofu, ndiponso kutaya apetilholinesterazoy.

gasi Action mitsempha zachokera kuphwanya dongosolo la akuwaza wa acetylcholine. Minofu maselo kupitiriza kuotcha, maselo mitsempha ndi okondwa, nseru, zopweteka ndi ziwalo, onyamula imfa.

gasi mitsempha ndi colorless ndi odorless. Oddly, koma boma chilengedwe cha loitanirana ndi madzi. Sarin monga soman, ndi tabun, zolemera kwambiri kuposa madzi, kwambiri sungunuka lipids ndi mankhwala ndiponso, otentha pa 150 ° C (m'badwo wotsatira mpweya - pa 300 ° C). gulu lonse ili la poizoni amapatsa poizoni, kulimbikira, chovuta kuchimvetsa ndi kovuta kudziwa mtundu enieni.

Zibaluni ndi mpweya mitsempha

makatiriji mpweya - njira kupezeka kwa adziteteze. Komabe, mitsempha mafuta zitini musati kugulitsa chifukwa ndi oopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale Mlingo wamng'ono kwambiri, kungawononge pa m'madera ambiri. canisters mpweya wodzazidwa ndi teargas kapena tsabola irritant irritants. zinthu izi musaphe ndi kuyambitsa moto, pom'ng'amba, kutsokomola ndi mavuto diso. Onse zizindikiro izi ndi zakanthawi chabe.

Ngakhale kuti mitsempha mpweya - kuopseza mwachindunji kwa anthu, iwo anapitiriza kuphunzira lithe ndi ntchito mozemba. Choncho, mu 1988 Saddam Huseyn n'kuwononga mzinda Halabadzha kuponya mabomba ndi sarin ndi tabun. Iwo anapha anthu wamba oposa 15 zikwi. Man.

Mu 1995, Tokyo anali Zigawenga ntchito sarin. Gasi sanali mu mawonekedwe aerosol, anatsanulira iwo mu magalimoto yapansi. Ndiye anthu 13 anaphedwa, koma panali 10 chikwi. Milandu poyizoni kwambiri.

Athandiza

mipweya mitsempha amatchedwa zida monga mankhwala zoopsa. anthu akhudzidwa Pankhaniyi chofunika thandizo mwamsanga kuchipatala. Kodi mukufuna kudziwa kuthandiza munthu wosautsidwa ndi poizoni ali mpweya osakaniza mitsempha?

Dongosolo la thandizo:

• Kuti kuwononga patsogolo dongosolo kupuma, munthuyo ayenera kuvala mpweya chigoba.
• Mawu oyamba a yothetsera, chimene relieves wovulalayo. mpheto ili yofunika kuti ichitike mwamsanga. Jekeseni chubu ntchito syringe wodzazidwa ndi mankhwala enieni. Lowani mankhwala intramuscularly. syringe ayenera olembedwa pa zovala wovulalayo kwa anthu ena, kupereka thandizo, kudziwa kuti munthu uyu kale analowa mankhwala.
• The madzi enieni odana ndi mpweya phukusi. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sanitizing poyera mbali ya pakhungu.
• Monga nkhani yofunika ikhale wovulalayo achoke za m'dera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ayenera kuwunika udindo wa munthuyo komanso likhoza kuwonongeka kukonzanso kulowa yothetsera kuteteza zosayembekezereka wa khunyu.
• Pamene aerosol kutsitsi mpweya komanso amakhala zovala zakhudzana. Mwamsanga pamene munthu linatengedwa m'madera wathuyo, Akufunika kuti m'malo. Mabanja nkhani otsala pa zovala, zimakhudza khungu ndi dongosolo kupuma.
• Amapanga kupuma kungafune wathuyo ngati anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mpweya monga carbon monoxide kapena sarin.