Kuchinga - yotani? Onse kuchinga monga masewera

Kuchinga - munthu wolemekezeka, wokongola kwambiri, kaso ndi chikondi masewera. Komabe, izi wakale karate luso umene uli wokongola komanso wakupha. Kuchinga - ndi nkhondo ya m'nkhaniyi, omwe si makhalidwe kuthetsa ali mwankhanzaku ndi otchuka. Lero tiona masewera yosangalatsayi tione ndi tipeze chimene kuchinga, komanso kumene pathupi, imene izo pali malamulo omwe ntchito chovala monga mpikisano ikuchitikira kumeneko ndipo zotsatira Pankhaniyi Russia. Kuchinga ali mizu kutali ndi iwo, unayamba.

mbiri

Kuchinga akuti ndi malo Spain. Izo zinali apa anabadwa chinachake monga masiku luso cholowa lupanga ndi rapier. Mu Spain, anapanga masamba Toledo dziko wotchuka, amene kuwala kwambiri, ndi kwambiri mphamvu makhalidwe. Ndi mu dziko lino, ndipo kenako ku Ulaya anayambitsa duel pa chida ozizira. Akukhulupirira kuti Spain buku loyamba, amene ankaona kuchinga afalitsidwa. Amuna ankakonda nkhondo pa zitsulo ozizira, ndi akazi katswiri kuchinga patapita nthawi yaitali. M'kupita kwa nthawi, dziko anali sukulu loyamba kuchinga. Sikutali kumbuyo Italy, France ndi Germany. Mu 1470, ntchentche mu Germany anakhazikitsa bungwe la aphunzitsi a kuchinga, ndipo mu England - kucheza fencers.

Ndi chiyambi cha m'ma XVIII pakhala masukulu angapo lonse. Chief mwa iwo anali French ndi Chitaliyana sukulu ya swordsmanship. Zinali iwo amene anapereka dziko amangomvera wotchuka zida bladed.

M'zaka za m'ma XIX anayamba mapangidwe kuchinga. Ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa zaka zino mpikisano choyamba, mu kutanthauzira yawo yamakono akhazikitsidwa. Mu 1913, izo analengedwa ndi mayiko kuchinga Federation, amene mu 1914 anatengera malamulo a nkhondo. Malamulo awa kupikisana tsopano. Pakali pano, bungwe la International kuchinga Federation zikuphatikizapo oposa zana federations dziko.

Kuchinga Russia

The chidwi choyamba pa luso kuchinga anatuluka mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma XVII. Peter Ine ndiye anapanga "rapier sayansi" mokakamizidwa phunziro kwa mabungwe asilikali ndiponso anthu wamba. Mu 1816 ku St. Petersburg anatsegula kuchinga sukulu aphunzitsi pophunzitsa aphunzitsi. Mphunzitsi kuchinga, kumasulidwa ku makoma ake, ankaona munthu wolemekezeka. Mu 1834 ku Russia ife apanga malamulo kuchinga pa bayonets. Pang'onopang'ono, sukulu anayamba kuchita zinthu mwadongosolo mizinda ina.

Kuyambira 1899 mpaka 1916 ya St. Petersburg othamanga m'dera kutengera kuchinga Championship chaka chilichonse, amene anapezeka ndi onse Russia. Russian kuchinga ambuye m'bwalo lonse koyamba unachitika mu 1910. Mmodzi wa othamanga Russian anapambana malo lachitatu ndiye. Patapita zaka ziwiri ndinkakhala nalo woyamba Games Olympic mu ntchito Russian fencers. Kuchinga ndiye chinayamba pa liwiro lalikulu.

Kenaka, kusukulu Soviet wa kuchinga udzakhala wopambana mu dziko. Mu 21 ambuye TH m'zaka za tsamba ya Russian anakwanitsa kupeza ochepa mendulo dazeni golide ndi kuswa mbiri gulu Soviet dziko. Masiku ano, pali gawo la kuchinga pafupifupi mizinda yonse.

Sport kuchinga

mpira Chili amalanga atatu. Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndi mtundu wa zida ntchito. Mpanda kungakhale lupanga, rapier ndi saber. Cholinga chachikulu cha sparring - chilongosoko kubaya ndi mudziteteze katemera wake. Wopambana ndi amene adzatha amathera nambala inayake kuukira woyamba kapena kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino nthawi zina za nthawi.

chida

Kuchinga chida imakhala mbali:

1. Tsamba.
2. Garda.
3. Kuika.
4. Pakakhala.
5. Mtedza.

M'mphepete mwa tsamba ndi nsonga wapadera. Zida akhoza inasangalatsa ndi wamba. Magetsi manja zolumikizana Kulumikizana ndi chida, amene analanda akatemera. waya umachitika pansi chovala cha wochita mpikisano. Nsonga ya chida ali batani wapadera.

Lupanga la okwana kutalika osati choposa masentimita 110 ndi kulemera - Tsamba 770 ali kutalika 90 masentimita awiri ndi pazipita alonda 13.5cm Chida amatanthauza kuboola ... A tsamba kusintha zitsulo ali trihedral mtanda gawo.

Rapier isiyana ndi malupanga ndi magawo monga kulemera - 500 ga; alonda awiri - 12 cm - gawo ndi Klenk - The lalikulu. Imakhala ndi kosavuta kuchinga.

Saber ali kutalika osapitirira 105 masentimita Pamene kufika pazipita tsamba kutalika 88 masentimita saber Kunenepa -.. 0.5 makilogalamu. Saber ukukamba kuboola ndi kudula mikono ndi ali tsamba kusintha zitsulo ndi variable trapezoidal mtanda gawo. Tili alonda saber zikumangireni, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi chogwirira. Nsonga ya lupanga ayi.

zinkakhala m'dera

Mu duel ndi jakisoni malupanga anayesedwa anachititsa nsonga ya tsamba mu gawo lirilonse la thupi mdani wake. Monga sangathe kumenya kumbuyo, chigoba mosadziteteza.

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane duel ndi rapiers. Kumbali ya malamulo ndi chipangizo zambiri kuchinga. Rapier m'manja mwa wothamanga amafuna molondola kwambiri. The jabs rapier sparring ankaona okha torso wa Goliyati, onse kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Akamenyedwa m'mutu, manja ndi mapazi akuletsedwa. Ngati zojambulazo fencer chinaperekedwa kubaya kunja zoni nkosaloledwa nkhondo ndi anaima, ndipo kulasa onse a nkhani imeneyi si kuwerengedwa.

Mu duel ndi sabers saloledwa kuti akatemera ndi nkhonya ku mbali iliyonse ya thupi, limene lili pamwambapa m'chiuno, kupatula khosi. Ngati fencer anali kunja limeneli, izo osazindikira kukumenya / pokha mfundo, koma kulimbanako akupitirira.

The sparring fencers ndi rapiristov zina kuwerenga jekeseni / uzirani anakantha amaloledwa gulu. Izi zimachitika pamene wothamanga kuti zimatetezedwa ndi mwadala anatseka kunyanyala gawo la thupi la sasintha. Mwachitsanzo, phazi kuti nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi kuyang'ana unprofessional kuchinga. Malamulo komanso limaletsa mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi zida pamalo conductive, kuphatikizapo suti mwake, chifukwa izo zimayambitsa onyenga zabwino dongosolo magetsi.

chovala

Tiyenera kupitiriza kuphunzira kuchinga. Kodi zovala fencer? Izi suti yoyera wopangidwa mwa jekete ndi thalauza kuti mawondo ndi suspenders. Jekete wotchedwa mkanjo. Zovala fencer unapangidwa nsalu chingathe kupirira zodabwitsa mpaka 800 newtons mphamvu. zovala zimenezi zimagwira ntchito pa mpikisano wapadziko lonse. Pakuti workouts yosavuta ndi nsalu zokwanira angathe komabe Impact mphamvu ya Newtons 350.

Pa phazi la fencer amaika pa nthawi masokosi woyera ndi nsapato zapadera. Kuchokera nsapato yosavuta, othamanga kumasiyana lathyathyathya yekha ndi chala pomwe chidendene. Pali zitsanzo otsika ndi mkulu. Lachiwiri ndi ntchito pamene pali kufunika mu loko bondo.

Chigoba - ndi khalidwe lina lofunika kwambiri, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kuyerekezera kuchinga. Kodi nkhope chitetezo? Izi ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ngati masewera wokongola koma wankhanza. chigoba zoteteza ayenera osati kuphimba nkhope kwa nkhonya, koma sikusokoneza zabwino takuphazi Kuona adani. Choncho, diso zone chigoba ali ndi zitsulo gululi. A zitsulo kolala wapadera amateteza khosi.

Pakuti fencers zitsulo gululi n'kopanda ndi pulasitiki overlays mantha zosagwira mbali zonse. A kolala amapangidwa chuma chimene chingathe kupirira zimakhudza mphamvu ya 1600 Newtons. Kukaphunzira, chithunzi ndi 350 Newton.

Rapiristov ntchito masks imodzi, ndi kolala magetsi. Izi zidalira pa wotani nkhonya chimathandiza kuchinga makamaka.

Saber, monga tanenera kale, akhoza kumenya nkhope, kotero chigoba kwa saber ndi uninsulated gululi, kuchititsa magetsi. Ndipo ndithu saber lonse amabisa ndi kolala, opangidwa ndi nsalu ndi electrically conductive.

Pa dzanja akugwira chida, kuvala magulovu. Pankhani ya saber kuchinga ndi electrically cuffs conductive.

Pansi suti, monga tafotokozazi, zimayikidwa nabochniki lomwe kukana mphamvu mantha 350 kapena 800 Newtons. Kupewa nuchoka pansi nabochniki Kuwonjezera kuti tikagonane chitetezo pulasitiki.

Popeza fencers infestation wa akhudzidwa pamwamba pa thupi lonse akufotokozedwa kuwateteza zokwanira. Rapiristov zina kuvala chovala jekete opangidwa ndi nsalu ndi conductive. Chimasonyeza pamwamba pa loti aphere. Mu saber Komanso, chikugwirizana ndi chovala chigoba.

Register amenye

Pamene ntchito kwa puncture kapena nkhonya (kwa saber), ndi zida kujambula amapereka kudziwa za izo kutembenukira kuwala wobiriwira. Ngati kumuukira zinachitikadi malamulo onse, ndiye kuti anayesedwa ndi anaukira wothamanga afika mfundo. Ngati nkhonya / kubaya chidachitika kunja zoni analola umaunikira kuwala koyera. Pamene zidawala nthawi yomweyo wobiriwira ndi woyera kuwala mababu, ndiye kunyanyala awiri anali ntchito, ndi oyamba chinali chosavomerezeka. Choncho, itapita chachiwiri Kodi si zoona. Popeza kuchinga epee amalola nkhonya iliyonse, palibe woyera kuwala mababu. Ngati getsi zidawala imodzi mbali zonse, mfundo analandira aliyense player.

fencer suti akhoza chokhudzana ndi chipangizo kujambula monga yikidwa mawaya kapena opanda zingwe unsembe. Dongosolo magetsi kuzindikiridwa wapita, arrowhead kuthamanga afike Newtons osachepera 4.9 kapena makilogalamu 0.5 kuti gripper ndi 7,35 newtons kapena makilogalamu 0,75 - lupanga. Koma lupanga amadza, iye ayenera kuti mapeto ake ndi zomveka. Zambiri kukhudza pano wosatenga mfundo.

N'zovuta kulingalira, koma panali nthawi imene kunyanyala analembedwa yekha zowoneka. ntchito zofunika anapatsidwa referees anayi amene azungulira nkhondo kuchokera kumbali zonse. Mu 1936, woyamba analandira mwa ulamuliro wa, chimene jakisoni fencers anayamba atathana mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zamagetsi. Mu 1957 dongosolo anayamba kupikisana kuchinga mpikisanowo, ndipo mu 1988 ndipo saber fencers.

pistes

Sparring zikuchitika pa pistes lapansi. m'litali ndi mamita 14, pamene m'lifupi siyana pakati pa mamita 1.5-2. Monga masewera ena alionse, nkhondo ali ndi chizindikiro patsambali. Mu nkhani iyi, ukufanizidwa ndi mizere 5, perpendicular kwa njanji. Choyamba mzere - pakati. Pa mtunda wa mamita 2 kuchokera pa mbali zonse za omenyera nkhondo ili. mizere iwiri kwambiri ndi mamita asanu kuchokera pakati ndi mizere kumbuyo amatchedwa malire.

Choncho, chiyambi cha nkhondo padziko omenyera nkhondo, ndi wothamanga ali mamita 5 mamita 9 ndipo mthunzi kwa nkhondo. Pa mbali zonse za njanji zigwire nthaŵi 2-mita, amene amalola othamanga kudziwa mmene iye anasiya malo mthunzi, osati kutembenuka.

Kodi nkhondo

Ife tikudziwa kale mu mau zimene kuchinga. Kodi ndi kuchinga suti ndi zimene chizindikiro patsambali ndi nkhondo, ife kudziwa. Choncho, ndi nthawi yoti mupite ku gawo zosangalatsa - ndondomeko nkhondo.

Kotero, pachiyambi cha adani nkhondo ali pa mzere kuyambira malo mmbali ndi mzake. Pankhaniyi, mwendo wina mitanda mzere. Zida anatumiza kwa mdani, ndi dzanja ufulu ndi kuika kumbuyo. The duel limayamba komanso limatha pamene mkangano adzalamulira yoyenera. Komabe, mapeto a podwala ndi zingachitikenso ngati chizindikiro anagawira kudziwitsa kuti wozungulira ndi watha ntchito.

Pachikhalidwe, kuweruza ikuchitika French. Isanayambe nkhondo, ndi mkangano adzalamulira "An Alonda!" Amene anamasuliridwa kuti 'nkhondo! ". Kenako anafunsa othamanga funso: "ke Vu Pre" kupeza ngati iwo ali okonzeka. Pamene fencers onse ali ndi udindo woweruza adzalamulira "Alla!". Ngati mukufuna kusiya nkhondo, iye anati mawu akuti "Viola!" Amene anamasuliridwa kuti "Lekani!". Mu awarding mfundo msilikali makamaka, woweruzayo anati: "A Droite", "A gauche" kapena "Ku awiri." Izi zikutanthauza kuti: "Chabwino," "anasiya" ndipo "onse", motero. Pamene kulembetsa kuponya yosagwira woweruzayo anati: "Pa Conti" - "Ine osaganizira." Pambuyo kugoletsa otsutsa ku malo awo oyambirira, ndi kumenyana akupitiriza. Ndipo ngati nkhondo anaimitsidwa popanda mphoto, iye anapitiriza mu malo omwewo kumene anali kukhala.

Munthu machesi lagawidwa zipolopolo zitatu mpaka kalekale 1 miniti. The imeneyi pakati zipolopolo ndilo yokha. wozungulira wopambana ndi wothamanga amene zambiri choyamba 15 mfundo, kapena zidzapangitsa kuti nkhaniyi pa mphindi malekezero chonse. Ngati kumapeto kwa zipolopolo zitatu ndi mfundo Jambulani, anatumizidwa zina chachinayi chonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamaso chikuyambira, anakhala kujambula amene wopambana ndi wosankhidwa ngati mphindi owonjezera sikungakuthandizeni.

Tsopano tiyeni tione kuchinga gulu, omwe malamulo ndi yosiyaniranapo. Ngati mpikisano gulu lililonse fencer ayenera kulimbana aliyense wothamanga mdani timu. Popeza gulu ndizo anthu atatu, machesi pakati pa magulu awiri zikuphatikizapo 9 nkhondo payekha. Pankhondoyi woyamba umatha pamene wina wa zipani kupeza mfundo 5, wachiwiri - mfundo 10, ndi zina zotero kwa 45.

The fencer amene anaukira choyamba, afika udindo wa tizilomboto ndi Goliyati, motero, kuteteza. Pa yomweyo kumenya / jakisoni, mwayi umapatsidwa pomenyana player. Alternately patsogolo kanthu apita imodzi fencer wina. Ngati dongosolo pakompyuta analemba kugunda / kuwombera, koma adamchitira mwa kuphwanya mfundo kuukira patsogolo adzakhala amaitcha. Pamene chifukwa cha mkangano mwagwirizana akuchitapo kanthu pa vutoli. Nsombazi / kubaya chinaperekedwa pambuyo lamulo "Lekani!" Kodi kungowerengedwa ngati gululi anayamba kupereka malamulo.

Mwachidule za njira ndi njira za nkhondowo

Tiyeni tione pang'ono zakuya mu mpira zosangalatsa ngati kuchinga. Kodi nkhondo? Izi masamba mogwirizana, kutanthauza kulemera woonda, lachinyengo, kayendedwe kutsimikizidwa ndi luso. Kuti pali kusiyana waukulu ku duels kuchinga ndi zida lolemera.

Pamene kuukira mwachindunji zosatheka, fencer amayesetsa n'chongoletsa ndi counterattack ndi counterattack. Ndipo kuti athane ndi kuopseza, sikuti manyazi, mukhoza kulimbana ndi mmera, ndipo kenako ntchito potsimikizira nkhonya.

Mu kuchinga, kusewera yofunika chinyengo kuyenda. Zimenezi zingakhale: kubisa izi zimathandiza kubisa zolinga za wochita mpikisano; feint woimira pachiswe zoyenda; ndikutsutsa, imfayo adani zoopsa, koma zochita zonse bwino ankaona, ndi zina zotero.

Modern kuchinga, malingana ndi mtundu wa zida, ali kusiyana mu njira, njira ndi malamulo a chiyambi chifukwa cha nkhani ya zida. Saber anatenga tsamba, lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito apakavalo lapansi. Iwo anamenyera mu nkhondo apakavalo, kotero akuigwiritsa kunyanyala pamwamba lamba. Zimenezi anakonzeratu kukula kwa infestation padziko zinkakhala pa masewera saber kuchinga.

Lupanga mu chiyambi chake ndi dueling chida. Zotsatira za duel akanakhoza chimatanthauza kuwombera mu gawo lirilonse la thupi. Choncho, pamafunika kuika kaye kudziteteza ndi yankho ku lunge lapansi. Mfundo imeneyi ikuchitika mpaka ku kuchinga ano.

Rapier poyamba anayamba kupanga maphunziro chida. Choncho, zinthu za nkhondo mu fencers kwambiri yosalekerera. Ndi ndi kuchinga kulepheretsa kuyamba. Akazi kamodzi anali ndi ufulu nkhondo yekha rapiers. Popeza chida kuwala, ngakhale ana lingathe. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, kuchinga ana tiona pang'ono. chinthu monga "mwatsatanetsatane kuyenerera" komanso anauka kwa zosowa za maphunziro nkhondowo, chimene chinali kukonzekera munthu nkhondo yeniyeni.

ndalama

Ngati wothamanga kuti kuyimira kumzere wakumbali nkhondo chimodzi mwendo, iye anali kupereka wabwino wa 1 mita. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nkhondo ndi adapitiriza pa mtunda wa 1 mita kuchokera kuphwanya malo kwa wolakwayo. Motero, iye akukhala mita zochepa malo mthunzi. Ngati fencer kupembedzera mzere kumbuyo, mdani wa yagoletsa ina. Amenewa amatchedwa "chilango pokha." Mu kuchinga zosavomerezeka:

1. Kuukira mothamanga.
2. Dala thupi kukhudzana.
3. Kukankhira mdani.
4. Tembenuzani kumbuyo kwa mdani.
5. kuwomba mfuti pansi.
6. kanthu ndi dzanja lake ufulu.

Kuwombera nsonga ndi manja, kuyesera kukonza ndi kugwira ntchito zina ndikoletsedwa popanda chilolezo woweruza. Kusiya munda kuchotsa chigoba popanda lamulo yoyenera ndi zosatheka. Pakuti mwadala kuphwanya malamulo othamanga alandire makadi chilango.

khadi Yellow kuperekedwa ngati chenjezo fencer ndi chikalata. Ngati wothamanga ndilo kuswa malamulo kachiwiri, anasonyezedwa khadi wofiira. Zilibe kanthu, anabwereza mulandu wake kapena anachita zina. A khadi wofiira, monga kuyenera chikasu, osati chindiletsa, komanso amalanga ndi Chilango jekeseni. Khadi wakuda wapatsidwa pa kuyan'anila lalikulu la malamulo, khalidwe unsportsmanlike ndipo ngati fencer kubwereza kuphwanya amene anali kupereka khadi wofiira. Black khadi limasonyeza Kuyimitsidwa.

olympiad

Kuchinga kalekale mbali yofunika ya Games Olympic. Masiku Games Olympic kuti othamanga 18, awiri amene yokwanira. Gulu tichipeza amuna ndi akazi. Olympic pulogalamu zikuphatikizapo Mpikisano munthu ndi timu ku mitundu yonse atatu a zida, moti kuchinga ano. Akazi komanso amuna, akhoza kulimbana ndi malupanga, rapiers ndi sabers. pulogalamu chikuphatikizapo zipinda 10, 6 amene ali munthu ndi 4 timu. Pa Games Olympic lomaliza Rio mafani Russian monyadira anaonerera kuchinga. Anthu mphoto awiri, pamene akazi - atatu golide, siliva wina ndi mkuwa wina. Mu wonse mundime Mendulo Russian kuchinga timu anali mu malo oyamba.

Junior kuchinga

Kuchinga ana lero anayamba zosachepera masewera ena. Ndime zambiri ana kwa zaka 9. M'masukulu abwino amaphunzitsidwa osati njira ndi njira za nkhondowo, komanso kulolera kwa mdani. gawo woyenera kuchinga mu mzinda zonse zazikulu. Popanda kuchinga izi sparring adzakhala chabe Battle masamba.