Zopangapanga ndi collectivization

Chuma m'dziko lathu amafuna olimba ena, citukuko ndi kukula yake, komabe gulu la malamulo NEP yekha. Mbali Mkhalidwe chitukuko ndikanakhoza kokha kuyamba ndi kuchira latsopano mafakitale, makamaka mu dera lankhondo. NEP wapereka njira zonse zotheka kupanga, koma zinali zosemphana ndi maganizo a anthu chikominisi, zomwe pamapeto pake zinachititsa kuti zikamera mfundo monga mafakitale ndi collectivization.

Zopangapanga mu USSR ali kunayambira ku December 1925 pambuyo XIV Congress wa Party. Tiyeni tione mfundo izi mwatsatanetsatane. Zopangapanga - ndi mapangidwe zikuluzikulu makina yopanga, umene kuti m'magulu onse a ntchito zachuma. Ndipotu, monga gwero lalikulu la ndalama kwa zosiyana kwambiri ndi misa kanthu izi zikhoza kukhala okha mudzi. Zopangapanga ndi collectivization pamodzi akuyimira ndondomeko woyenera wa boma, kumene woyamba umalimbana chitukuko, koma wachiwiri molunjika malemba amanena za kukakamiza si ndalama ntchito za wamba lapansi. Ndipo ngakhale panali kuchepetsa chonse ulimi monga kwa revenues boma zinali zoopsa.

More lotengeka ndi mphamvu anali ndi Depression Wamkulu wa 1929-33. Chobwera mu West. vutoli yokakamiza ku Ulaya kufunafuna latsopano mankhwala msika, ndi la Soviet Union anali malo abwino kwambiri ndi mwayi malire ndalama. Motero, pamene gawo lalikulu la mafakitale (1928 mpaka 1938). Kwa zaka zitatu kotala zida zonse zinkachokera. Choncho, mafakitale ndi collectivization ndi chothetsera maso andale za dziko.

Dziwani kuti luso linali latsopano kukwaniritsidwa kwa mafakitale. Zolinga zaka zisanu anali zochokera chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko la USSR. Akuti pamaso pa chiyambi cha nkhondo anatengera asanu mapulani amenewa. Mu dera la chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko la njira zonse kulenga ngati mwayi Komabe, pa mfundo za anakonza chimango chitukuko ndi sadatsatire. Chifukwa chuma anakonza anatha kuika pomwepo pa malonda a Boma njira, monga katundu mafakitale mayendedwe, chitetezo, mphamvu ndi ena. Kale mu zaka zoyambirira Five- mafakitale ndi collectivization zotsatira ololera: anamanga zoposa 1500 mafakitale osiyana. Pa wachiwiri zaka zisanu kuchuluka ukufika 4.5 zikwi. N'chifukwa chake mmasate Soviet Union anakhala amphamvu otukuka mphamvu kuti enforces mpikisano wolemera limati mu West.

Zopangapanga wabweretsa kwambiri zinthu zabwino, osati kuwerengera patsogolo makampani: kunatha ulova mu dziko, anali antchito kwambiri aluso mwachangu anakonza ndodo zomangamanga anayamba patsogolo kwa maphunziro. M'maso Social anali kwambiri kuchuluka, ndipo anthu anayamba kuyesetsa kuti ntchito yake. Koma zonsezi anagunda dera lina - mudzi, amene adalipira zonse.

Collectivization anali umalimbana kuwonongedwa kwa chuma payekha, zikamera wa chuma latsopano chikhalidwe. Iwo kumatha ntchito mankhwala ufulu chopangidwa, onse anapita ku boma. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali mavuto ndi chiphaso ndi pogona. Misa collectivization akuyamba mu 1929. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyi, miyezi ingapo mu minda ndi gulu, pali kale 2.4 miliyoni mabanja amene ali kubwera, amene ali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa chithunzi cha zapitazi 12 TH chikumbutso. Mwachibadwa, mudzi analandira phwando osagwirizana malamulo, koma boma ndi udindo mosamalitsa ndi mosasintha pomtuma detachment a "makumi awiri ndi asanu Thousander". matupi Chilango aonekere.

Aumbike ndi ndandanda wa collectivization, omwe mayendedwe a vuto la zachuma. Dziwani maonekedwe a mzimu wa mpikisano, pamene atsogoleri ankafunitsitsa kuposa zochita. miyeso Chilango omangika pofuna kubisa kulimbikira chachikulu. Ndi apa kuti pali kufunika dongosolo pasipoti, amene anayambitsanso ndi boma, koma sifikira alimi. Motero, iwo kachiwiri kutaya ufulu wina, chifukwa popanda pasipoti sangathe kulikonse (iwo amagwira ku malo makamaka). N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza amene anali kachiwiri manyazi ndi kunyozedwa. Kenako, mu 1932, misa njala akuyamba.