Kudula madzimadzi (coolant): gulu, ntchito

ndondomeko zokhomakhoma ndi analandira kugwirizana ndi mikangano amphamvu amenewa amapezeka pakati pa workpiece ndi chida. Izi zimaonekera makamaka pamene anapotoloka, mphero ntchito, pamene chida ndi mutentha kwambiri, ozizira extrusion, mkulu-liwiro rocker ndegeyo. Nacho mikangano kumathandiza kuti avale msanga cha chida, ndi mapindikidwe pulasitiki wa workpiece pa, kusintha katundu wa zitsulo chifukwa kutenthedwa. Kuchepetsa mphamvu mikangano amafuna wapadera kudula madzimadzi (coolant) ndi amachepetsa kutentha.

Magawo gulu coolants

General gulu coolants ikuchitika pa magawo angapo:

• Pa chiyambi cha zigawo zikuluzikulu. Yopangidwa mafuta coolant, zomwe ndi zochokera mafuta mafuta, nyama kapena mafuta masamba.
• Mwa njira kulumikiza. Emulsol - chotsirizidwa ndi yaitali moyo alumali kapena emulsion luso, anakonza asanalankhule ntchito maganizo monga GOST.
• Pa thupi ndi makina magawo - kukhuthala, chiwerengero asidi, pophulikira. Khalidwe yamasika amachititsa ntchito mafuta coolant kwa mitundu otentha.
• Malinga ndi munda ntchito. Amalima yosiyanasiyana coolants zinthu zosiyana opaleshoni ya ntchito. Kupanga kudula madzimadzi kwa ntchito pulasitiki mapindikidwe, coolant kwa lathes kapena makina mphero.

The sungunuka kupanga madzi coolant chilengedwe EFELE CF-621 monga maganizo ndi anafuna Machining wa zitsulo pulasitala, steels, kuphatikizapo zosapanga ndi aloyi, titaniyamu, zitsulo zotayidwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo mkuwa. Izi coolant Russian kupanga ali Amber mtundu ndi okoma caramel fungo. Iwo lilibe formaldehyde, chlorine ndi amines sekondale, kotero otetezeka kwa anthu. Anapanga cha zigawo kupanga ndi Kuwonjezera (15%) mchere mafuta zikuchokera, emulsion uyu ali ndi mtengo wotsika, khalidwe la mankhwala mchere. Biostability ndi ntchito EFELE CF-621 kulola Machining zitsulo njira ndi zochepa kuyerekeza ndi woipa ena coolant.

Gulu la coolant zikuchokera

Pa zikuchokera coolant ndi kusiyanitsa mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Mafuta - formulations wa zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe ali immiscible ndi madzi. Base mafuta emulsion ndi paraffin, mchere kapena mafuta mafuta (60-95%). Kuti tizikonda mphamvu ya odana avale, mikangano, dzimbiri mu zikuchokera monga zina zosiyanasiyana ndi zoletsa. Mafuta emulsion adzatenga katundu kwambiri lubricating. Ntchito zitsulo zofewa pa modes yosavuta opaleshoni.
• Mchere - m'munsi anapangidwa kuchokera mafuta ndi hydrogenation othandizira. Kuonjezera mphamvu ya zina m'gulu ku mafuta, chlorine, sulfure, phosphorous mankhwala. Nyimbo zimenezi ntchito mitundu ngati chitsulo, monga: kudula zitsulo, zotayidwa, mkuwa, threading, mphero ntchito alloyed steels.
• Madzi miscible - njira amadzimadzi zochokera mafuta mchere. Nyimbo zimenezi ndi katundu kwambiri kuzirala ndi otsika kawopsedwe, koma ntchito otsika lubricating. Mbali - kuwala ndi ntchito sing'anga kutembenukira mkuwa ndi mkuwa, mphero ndi kukumba mitundu yonse ya zitsulo sanali akakhala, akupera ndipo atangomva zitsulo.
• Kupanga ndi semisynthetic - chisakanizo cha madzi, surfactants, madzi ma polima sungunuka, odana thobvu ndi zina antibacterial, zoletsa dzimbiri. Kuonjezera lubricity mu nyimbo kupanga amagwiritsidwa kutumikiridwa antiwear zina.
• Emulsions - nyimbo ndi woipa mkulu wa particles anabalalitsidwa. Kuchepetsa mlingo wa avale zida ndi zipangizo pafupifupi zonse ntchito zokhomakhoma.

Kapangidwe ndi limagwirira cha zochita za coolant ndi

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri coolants mu njira processing zitsulo chifukwa kulekana ogwira mtima a kali akusisita wa workpiece ndi chida ndi kuchepetsa kutentha awo. The coolant yabwino kwambiri angaphatikizepo zigawo izi mu kapangidwe kake:

• Chifukwa cha mafuta kupanga kapena nyama mafuta.
• Zina zimene zingachititse avale frictional ndi ntchito Aakulu.
• Zigawo, kuteteza delamination zikuchokera pa yosungirako.
• Zina kuti kuteteza dzimbiri ndi chiwonongeko.
• Zigawo, kuchepetsa thobvu ndi wetting wa kali mu zitsulo.

Ntchito coolant

madzi zokhomakhoma ntchito mafuta ndi kuziziritsa mu zitsulo m'dera ntchito. Katundu coolant analola kuchepetsa mikangano mu zone chithandizo, potero kuchepetsa avale cha chida, kuwonjezera mankhwala khalidwe ndi kuwongolera mphamvu ya ndondomeko komanso, monga Motero, zokolola wonse.

Chifukwa katundu wawo wabwino lubricating wa coolant ndi amachepetsa mphamvu frictional pakati padziko workpiece ndi akadaulo a chida, ndi mikangano mu odulidwa zitsulo wosanjikiza. Ena lubricant luso ndi katundu mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kuchepa osati mphamvu frictional, komanso kudula mphamvu. Ambiri coolant - surfactants ndi katundu mkulu kumamatira. Iwo amatha kupanga filimu khola padziko zitsulo, amene kwambiri ayeziyo. Ena wapadera surfactant zina ndi pa zitsulo "wedging" kanthu. Elongated maselo oterowo zina amagwa microcracks mu pamwamba zitsulo, ngati mphero, potero zofooketsa mgwirizano pakati pa particles zakuthupi. Choncho, coolant "Mathandizo" chida ntchito kudula wosanjikiza kuchokera zitsulo m'munsi.

Ambiri nyimbo coolant kwa zipangizo makina

lathes zokhomakhoma ndi makina mphero amapangidwa zakumwa zotsatirazi:

• Emulsoles zochokera mchere ndi mafuta ophikira.
• Emulsifiers ndi mafuta zidulo kupanga.
• Kutembenuza ndi ntchito mphero, kupereka mkulu-liwiro processing wa steels zosapanga ndi aloyi, opangidwa mogwirizana ndi GOST 38.01445-88. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, anapereka nyimbo kupanga zomwe ndi zochokera tallow mafuta vysokoatomnye alcohols triethanolamine.
• Sulfofrezoly - kwambiri mwayeretsa mafuta osakaniza ndi mankhwala sulufule munali. Mulibe madzi, alkalis, zidulo. coolant zimenezi kwa makina bwino kuchepetsa mikangano, musati chifukwa dzimbiri.

Kugwiritsa coolant mankhwalawa mavuto zitsulo

Njira imeneyi zimagwiritsa kwambiri zitsulo-enieni mphamvu ndi wachibale kutsetsereka pakati pa workpiece ndi chida. Coolant ntchito mu njira zoterezi nacho kukhuthala apamwamba kwambiri. Mbali khalidwe la Nyimbo ya, zokhomakhoma kuthamanga ndi:

• Zikwanire kukhuthala.
• Kukana kuti fupa lothyoka ndi kulekana pa zinthu mkulu kutentha.
• Ikani vodnografitovye tonkocheshuychatogo nyimbo ndi kulolerana wa graphite zochokera kuyimitsidwa mafuta.

Features za kukwaniritsidwa kudula madzi

Kuti zosavuta ntchito coolant liyenera kulingalira malamulo wamba ochepa.

• Osachepera madzi otaya, kaya ndi amadzimadzi kapena emulsion - 10-15 L / min.
• Nkofunika kuti coolant otaya ali m'munda wa maphunziro pazipita kuchuluka kwa kutentha. Pamene kutembenukira - Ndi dera limene tchipisi wosiyana workpiece lapansi.
• The kotunga coolant ayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga. Pamene coolant patapita kanthawi otentha kwambiri wodula adzakhala kuzimitsidwa, chifukwa mu mapangidwe ming'alu mu izo.
• Coolant si ntchito pamene kutembenukira Chimaona zitsulo (yamkuwa, yachitsulo, etc.). Pamene kutembenukira zomangira kupanga tchipisi laling'ono, limene zimasakanikirana ndi coolant, akhoza kuononga makina ntchito mayunitsi (ophimba caliper, chitsogozo chimango), imbaenda avale msanga ndi kulephera kwa zigawo izi.

Kupanga ndi kusunga kudula madzi

Kuwonjezera yosungirako yaitali Nyimbo kusasanyiwa, limafotokoza, ndi mbali chopangidwa ntchito yokonza zakumwa, ndinazolowera zikhalidwe za kampani inayake. Coolant, coolant, mtengo umene zimadalira kwenikweni zikuchokera lolingana ndi mtundu winawake wa ntchito mu msika lero uli anazindikira kuti 70-160 rubles / lita kwa nyimbo okonzeka zopangidwa a alimi zoweta ndi 105-290 rubles / lita imodzi ya ulimi yachilendo. Mtengo avareji maganizo ndi 240 r Mukhoza / lita. Patsogolo ntchito madzi mwa ndondomeko izi:

• Yogwira chitachitidwa pa zigawo zikuluzikulu anaika pa kapangidwe ndi sitampu kutentha (60-110 0 C).
• Analysis wa zikuchokera malinga ndi GOST.
• The nyimbo okonzeka zasungidwa mu muli apadera, kulola kuchita Kutentha nthawi ndi yogwira mtima.
• Pokonza emulsion, kumayambiriro zina, yomwe ikuchitika pa woonda vibratory emulsification.
• Refilling mosalekeza kudya zida.
• Ntchito ndi nyimbo ndi zakhudzana. Kupereka dongosolo coolant yoyeretsa zatsalira zitsulo. Zinyalala mankhwala sangathe bwino kutsukidwa kwa nazo.