Kufufuma ndi mitundu yake ndi chiyani

Kufufuma - ndi njira yodziwika ndi kuwuka zonse mu mitengo. Motero, ndalama wake wayamba depreciate poyerekezera ndi chuma. Kufufuma kumatengera zifukwa zingapo. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti si kusintha mu mtengo ndi izo.

Tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane zimene zingati kufufuma ndi mitundu yake. Zimenezi kumaonekera monga chodabwitsa khola. chokhalitsa kapena zosakhalitsa mtengo kudumpha kukula zingaoneke mu msika. Mbali yoyamba, ndi funso la kufufuma, ndi wachiwiri kwa kusintha nyengo mtengo.

Ngati kufufuma kumawonjezera mtengo wonse index, osati mtengo wa katundu yense ambiri. Panthawi ina mu nthawi mankhwala ena akhoza kukhala zodula, ena mtengo, pamene ena kukhala pa mlingo chomwecho. Koma nthawi yomweyo ngati okwana index, ie, ndi GDP deflator, zikusonyeza awonjezere, tikulankhula za kufufuma. Mu zachuma, pali mfundo "deflation" - pamene ali kuchepa msinkhu mtengo.

Choncho, tipitirize kuganizira kuti kufufuma amenewa ndi mitundu yake. Zimenezi zachuma kumabweretsa chakuti kugula mphamvu ya ndalama amachepetsa kwambiri. Anthu ndi nthawi yofanana mugule mayunitsi ochepa anagulitsa.

Concept ndi mitundu ya kufufuma - chimodzi mwa nkhani zikuluzikulu za chiphunzitso zachuma. Amaona kuti ndondomeko gulu. Chifukwa cha mlingo kukula kwa kufufuma lagawidwa wofatsa, akuthamanga, mkulu ndi hyperinflation. Ife tione zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Wongolerani kufufuma ndi khalidwe la zachuma ano. Iwo anati mu ambiri a dziko. Wongolerani kufufuma anasonyeza kuwonjezeka pang'ono mlingo mtengo pa chaka. Mtengo wake avareji 3-5%. The pazipita kololeka kutalika - 10%. Mtundu wa kufufuma ndi zokoma kuonjezera mabuku kupanga.

Tipitiriza kufufuza kufufuma zomwe ndi mitundu yake. Akuthamanga monga anayeza peresenti chaka chimodzi. Koma, motsutsana ndi kufufuma zolimbitsa, izo ndi zimenenso manambala awiri, ndipo ndi vuto lalikulu kwa chuma cha m'mayiko olemera.

Mkulu kufufuma ndi chidwi pa mwezi. Mu chaka chomwecho, izo si mkulu mitengo kukula. Ziwerengero mwina upambana 200%. Mtundu wa kufufuma zingaoneke mu maiko ndi chuma mu kusintha ndi m'mayiko osauka.

Hyperinflation ali mitengo kukula yaikulu. Iwo amaona kuchuluka kwa tsiku kapena sabata. Kwa mwezi kuwuka mu mitengo mwina 50%, monga mkulu monga 1000% pa chaka. Mu mbiri pali ngati milandu chapadera cha hyperinflation. Germany, January 1922 - December 1924 mlingo wa kuwonjezeka mitengo anakwana 1012%. Hungary mu August 1945 - July 1946 anadwala Hyper-kufufuma (mtengo kukula kugunda oposa 1027%).

Kotero, ife ndinayang'ana pa mfundo yonena za "kufufuma" ndi mitundu yake. Koma ndondomeko izi zikhoza wachinsinsi komanso mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya mawu. Kusiyanitsa zobisika ndi zoonekeratu kufufuma. Yoyamba amagwirizana ndi zochita za boma. Koyamba walembedwa m'munsimu mlingo mgwirizano mtengo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pali kuchepa kwa zinthu kumsika. Zolaula kufufuma anamuona pa kukula mlingo mtengo. Ake tikhoza kuona zonse mu mawonekedwe a kuwonjezeka mu mtengo wa katundu.

Kodi zimayambitsa ndi mitundu ya kufufuma kulibe? Gawo Basic takambiranazi, koma mogwirizana ndi mmene muli nyamuka zonse mu mitengo zidzafotokozedwa pansipa.

Kuwonjezeka zonse unyinji wa ndalama kupezeka chifukwa zifukwa zingapo:

- ndi kuchepekedwa bajeti zimayambitsa monga "makina osindikizira";

- State wokhala ndi expansionary mfundo zachuma;

- ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ngongole;

- zida ngongole ndi malipiro zida;

- kuchuluka kufunika kwa katundu ndi ntchito poyerekeza ndi nthawi yapita;

- kukwera mtengo kupanga;

- zifukwa zina.

Kufufuma mosalephera mu msika. Nkofunika kuti si hule ndondomeko ankakwiya kwambiri. Kufufuma penyani, makamaka maboma.