Kufufuza ndi mbiri ya chiyambi cha ndakatulo "Winter Nights" (Pasternak)

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak ndi mmodzi mwa olemba otchuka kwambiri Achirasha a m'zaka za zana la 20, omwe malemba ndi ndakatulo amalingalira bwino kuti ndi imodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri. Ntchito yotchuka kwambiri pa ntchito yake ndi Dokotala Zhivago. Iyi ndi nkhani yomwe, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya mabuku a Russian, yasonkhanitsa ndakatulo ndi prose. Ndipo mutsegule mbali ya ndakatulo ya ntchito yolemba "Winter Nights".

Pasternak adalenga munthu wolemekezeka yemwe amamumvera mwachidwi ndikulemba ndakatulo. Koma kuti asasokoneze wowerenga pa zochitika za moyo wa Yuri Zhivago, wolembayo akuyika zonse zomwe iye analenga kumapeto kwa bukuli.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Choncho, ndakatulo Yozizira Usiku »(Pasternak), mbiri yake yomwe idzafotokozedwa pansipa, inalembedwa ngati gawo la ntchito yaikulu. Ndi ntchito imeneyi yomwe imatsegula mndandanda wa Yuri Zhivago. Pambuyo pake, vesili lidasindikizidwa mobwerezabwereza kuchokera ku bukuli ndipo ngakhale linaikidwa pa nyimbo. Koma kubwerera ku mbiriyakale.

Tsiku lenileni la kulembera ndakatulo tsopano silingatheke, chifukwa Pasternak mwiniwake adagwira ntchito zaka khumi (1945-1955). Komabe, otsutsa amakhulupirira kuti wolemba ndakatuloyo anapanga luso lake lokha posachedwa mapeto a bukuli. Kulingalira uku kukugwirizana ndi kuti m'zaka zimenezo anali atadwala matenda ake oyambirira a Pasternak. "Usiku Usiku" - vesi lonena za kulimbana kwa moyo ndi imfa, choncho, mutu uwu umayenera kukhala pafupi ndi wolemba. Ndipo ndi nthawi yanji, ngati sikumapeto kwa nthawi yotsiriza, ingathe kulowa m'mutu mwa munthu?

Zili choncho, akatswiri ambiri olemba mabuku amakhulupirira kuti ndakatuloyi inalembedwa chimodzimodzi mu 1954-55.

Ponena za ntchito yomweyi, buku la "Dokotala Zhivago" linazindikiritsidwa kunja, Pasternak adapatsidwa mphoto yake "Nobel Prize". Pachifukwa ichi, ntchito ndi wolembayo anazunzidwa kwambiri panyumba. Iye sanatulutsidwenso ndi kuthamangitsidwa mu Writers 'Union. Pasternak analemba makalata nthawi zambiri, kuyesa kutsimikizira boma la kukhulupirika kwake, koma izi sizinawathandize. Otsutsa mlembiyo adatembenukira ku zomwe zili m'bukuli, akuzitcha anti-Soviet. Ndipo ndakatulo yakuti "Winter Night" inagonjetsedwa ndi kuzunzidwa kwapadera, monga kunkazindikiridwa ngati nkhanza, yowonongeka ndi yowonongeka.

Mutu

Monga taonera kale, mutu waukulu wa ndakatulo ya "Winter Nights" (Pasternak) inali mutu wa nkhondo pakati pa moyo ndi imfa. Ntchito yokhayo ndi yophiphiritsira, mzere uliwonse ndi chithunzi chili ndi tanthauzo lapadera.

Choncho, tikamaganizira zolemba zonse pazomwe tikulimbana nazo, tingathe kunena kuti mphepo, blizzard ndi ozizira ndizo zizindikiro za imfa, ndipo moto woyaka moto wa kandulo ndiwo moyo. Ndipo kuwala kosasunthika kumachokera kwa odwala Yuri Zhivago monga adzalisiya Pasternak mwiniwake.

Komabe, pamodzi ndi mutu wakuda wa moyo ndi imfa, pali mutu wachikondi wokhudzana ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Maganizo a anthu amawoneka akupitirizabe m'chilengedwe. Kotero, chilakolako chaumunthu chimatsagana ndi blizzard, kuvala mawindo "mizere ndi mivi." Komabe, kodi chilengedwe ndi "kuyesedwa kotentha" zimapindulitsa pa protagonist?

Maganizo

Lingaliro la ndakatulo "Winter Nights" (Pasternak) ndilolumikizana ndi mutuwo. Chimachitika mukumenyana kwa munthu osati ndi imfa, komanso ndi zovuta za tsiku ndi tsiku, ziyeso zaumunthu. Choncho, msilikali wamakono amatsutsa phokoso lamkuntho kunja kwawindo, ndi chiyeso chomwe chimayaka moyo wake. Mu moyo wa chikhalidwe ukulamulira chisokonezo, iye sangakhoze kumvetsa kumene ubwino, ndi kumene zoipa. Kufotokozera izi mu ndakatulo kumathandizira zotsatirazi zotsatizanazi: mngelo, mayesero, "kuwoloka".

Komabe, kuthana ndi zoopseza zakunja (blizzards) kungangokhala mphamvu yauzimu (yomwe ikuyimiridwa ndi kandulo) ndi chikondi. Pamaso pa kumverera kosaoneka, mdima umatha, nyumba imakhala yabwino, yotentha.

Chithunzithunzi cha kandulo ndi chodziwika. Izi, monga taonera pamwamba, ndizovomerezeka ndi wolimba mtima. Iyo ikupitirizabe kuwotchera (kukhala moyo), ngakhale kulimbikitsidwa kwa kunja kwadziko. Chifaniziro cha osalimba koma kupitiriza kuyatsa makandulo chimadutsa mu ndakatulo yonse.

Kulemba kwa ndakatulo "Winter Night" (Pasternak)

Kufufuza kwa chiyambi cha ndakatulo kumatipatsa ife kuganiza kuti ntchitoyi ikuchokera pa kulandila kwa antithesis (otsutsa) a zinthu ziwiri: ayezi ndi moto. Mvula yamkuntho imapsa dziko lonse lapansi, ikumeza chilichonse chozungulira, imalekanitsa galasi, sichitha kulowa mu chipinda, kutenthedwa ndi kandulo.

Nthano ili ndi mapangidwe a mphete - mzere wotsiriza umabwereza woyamba, ngakhale sichimodzimodzi. Ndipo chifukwa chake mawuwa si ofunikira, koma kusiyana kwake kuli kofunika kwambiri. Kotero, kumapeto kwa ndakatulo palibe kubwereza kwa "melok-melo" ndipo pali chisonyezero cha nthawi - February. Potero, ndakatuloyi imatchula mkuntho umene wadutsa kale, ndipo motero mphamvu ya moyo ndi chiyembekezo zagonjetsa.

Kukula Kwambiri

Nthano ya ndakatulo imapereka ndemanga yolimba ku ndakatulo yakuti "Winter Night" (Pasternak). Kufufuza kwa chiwonetserochi chikusonyeza kuti ntchitoyi inalembedwa ndi iamba yamagulu anayi omwe ali ndi nyimbo, pamene mwamuna (1, 3 line) ndi mkazi (2, 4 line rhyme) amavomereza. Ndipo otchedwa peregovka rhythm, ndiko kuti, kuchepetsa kwa 2 nd ndi 4th mzere, amapereka ndakatulo yapadera.

Kutsiliza

Kotero, chilengedwe ndi munthu, mwangoyamba ndi kosatha mu ndakatulo "Winter Nights" inagwirizanitsidwa. Pasternak inakhazikitsa ntchito yozizwitsa, yozizwitsa komanso yafilosofi.