Kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi monga zowonjezera

Palibe amene lero akudabwa kuti mwa kugwira pa batani, timayang'ana ndi babu. Kawirikawiri sitikuganiza kuti zochita zonsezi zimachokera ku zochitika zonse zakuthupi. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri ndizozigwiritsira ntchito magetsi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti magetsi ayambe kuyenda.

Poyambira, mwinamwake, nkofunikira kufotokozedwa, za zomwe nthawi zambiri pali chilankhulo. Choncho, kuyendetsa magetsi kumatchedwa kukwanitsa kwa thupi kuthamangira magetsi. Ndipo zinthu zosiyana zimakhala ndi luso losiyanasiyana. Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi opangidwira, zinthu zimagawanika kukhala opanga, opanga magetsi komanso ma dielectric.

Ngati tiyang'ana deta yoyesera yomwe opeza kafukufuku amapeza panthawi ya magetsi, zimakhala zomveka bwino kuti zoyendetsa zitsulo ndizopambana. Izi zimatsimikiziranso ndi chizoloŵezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku, pamene mawaya a zitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo magetsi. Ndizitsulo zomwe zimayambitsa magetsi. Ndipo kufotokozera kwa izi kungapezeke mu zamagetsi zamaganizo a zitsulo.

Malingana ndi zotsirizazo, wokondweretsa ndi kristalo lattice, mfundo zomwe zimatenga ma atomu. Zili pafupi kwambiri ndipo zimagwirizana ndi ma atomu ofanana, choncho zimakhalabe pamalo amodzi a crystal lattice. Chimene sichikhoza kunenedwa pa ma electron omwe ali pa zipolopolo zakuthambo za atomu. Ma electron amenewa amatha kusuntha mwachisawawa, kupanga zotchedwa "gasi lamagetsi". Pano pali magetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi ndipo amachokera ku ma electron.

Monga umboni wakuti mawonekedwe a magetsi amachokera ku magetsi, tikhoza kukumbukira zomwe zinachitikira wafilosofi wa ku Germany, dzina lake Ricke, womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu 1901. Anatenga zipilala ziwiri zamkuwa ndi aluminiyumu zokhala ndi mapepala osungunuka bwino, kuziika pamwamba pa mzake ndikudutsa magetsi kupyolera mwa iwo. Malingana ndi lingaliro la experimenter, ngati magetsi opangira magetsi amachokera ku atomu, ndiye kusamutsidwa kwa nkhani kudzachitika. Komabe, mphamvu ya magetsi itadutsa chaka chonse, masitimawo sanasinthe.

Chotsatira ichi chinapangitsa kuti aganize kuti magetsi opangira zitsulo amayamba ndi ena a particles omwe ali ndi makhalidwe onse. Chifukwa cha udindo umenewu, electron, yomwe inali nthawi yotseguka kale, inali kuyandikira. Pambuyo pake, mayesero ambiri amatsenga anachitidwa, ndipo onse adatsimikizira kuti magetsi amachokera ku ma electron.

Mogwirizana ndi malingaliro amakono okhudza chingwe cha crystal chazitsulo, zigawo zake zili ndi ions, ndi ma electron amatuluka momasuka pakati pawo. Ndiyeso yambiri ya ma electron omwe amachititsa kuti magetsi azitsulo. Pamaso pa zing'onozing'ono zosiyana kusiyana pamapeto a wophunzitsira, magetsi awa amayamba kusuntha, omwe amachititsa kuti magetsi ayambe kuyenda.

Apa ziyenera kudziwika kuti machitidwe amadalira kwambiri kutentha. Choncho, pakuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, kuyendetsa kwazitsulo kumachepa, ndipo mosiyana, kumawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kutentha, mpaka kuchitika kwa superconductivity. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ngakhale kuti zitsulo zonse zimakhala ndi conductivity, kukula kwake kwa aliyense ndi kosiyana. Mankhwala abwino kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsidwa ntchito mu magetsi a zitsulo ndi mkuwa.

Choncho, mfundo zomwe amapatsidwa zimapereka lingaliro la momwe magetsi amathandizira magetsi, akufotokoza momwe magetsi amachitira ndikufotokozera zomwe zimayambitsa. Kufotokozera za crystal lattice ya zitsulo ndi chikoka cha zinthu zina zakuthupi pa operekera zimaperekedwa.