Kulekana kwa mphamvu za

Pamene mphamvu kwambiri moyikirapo mu manja omwewo, nthawi zonse likuoneka zikamera wa olamulira ankhanza, nkhanza, chiwawa ndi kusayeruzika. limati masiku ano nthambi zake zitatu: Yolamula, malamulo ndi zachiweruzo. Pakali pano, kulekana kwa mphamvu - anazindikira mwa ponseponse onse m'dziko lililonse ndi ulamuliro demokalase. Ndi chofunika kuti kukula bwino dziko. Komabe, kachitidwe ka Kulekana kwa mphamvu za kuchita kayendetsedwe sikuti nthawi zonse zinakhalapo.

Choncho, Agiriki akale, ntchito ya nthambi zonse zitatu kuphatikiza msonkhano Athens. Koma mwamsanga Zapakati, kasamalidwe boma anali iperekedwe mfumu, atsogoleri ndi anthu otchuka. Pamene mfumu anafuna kuganizira mphamvu manja ake kwathunthu, absolutism adanyamuka (Mwachitsanzo, atha kutumikira ngati France ndi Russia). Koma mafumu ndi mafumu sanathe uzigwira popanda ndalama. Kuti iwo kuchuluka misonkho anaitana wolemekezeka Assembly. Choncho apamwamba chifukwa chani kanthu malamulo a mfumu. Legislatures anaonekera (yamalamulo, Riksdag, ndi States-General), umene pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuchuluka mphamvu zawo. Posakhalitsa zinapangitsa kuti mafumu anayamba akusowa thandizo awo kuti agwire ena kusintha, ndi zina zotero N..

Pa nthawi ina, nzeru ena monga Voltaire, Montesquieu ndi Thomas Jefferson, anati boma ayenera idzachitika pa Kulekana kwa mphamvu za mu nthambi zitatu ndipo aliyense wa iwo adzakhala moyenera, kuti muli ndi anthu ena kulamulira. Only mu zikachitika dziko angathe momasuka.

Kodi gulu la mphamvu kuchita mu democracies ano?

1. nthambi malamulo ndi nyumba yamalamulo. Iye osankhidwa kupsyolelal ndi chisanko cholemekeza chinsinsi, chifukwa kukhazikitsa ndi mofanana zilipo onse a chilamulo visola. Bwinobwino yamalamulo tichipeza zipinda chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi. Mapangidwe yotsirizira m'mayiko osiyanasiyana zosiyana. A nyumba m'munsi udzatha ndi voti omwe adzaponye chisanko, ndicho, chisankho mwachindunji. Malinga ndi chigamulo cha chipani ambiri kapena chifukwa cha mgwirizano wake ndi kuwatsutsa kutsogolera yamalamulo wokamba amasankhidwa - wapampando wa chipinda m'munsi. mphamvu yake kugwira substituents ndi gulu. Wokamba ntchito ndi oyang'anira mabungwe ndi makomiti a nyumba yamalamulo, kuonetsa kuti m'bwalolo lonse, mu lamulo mtsutso akuwuka mu njira ya misonkhano.

2. The wamkulu nthambi ya boma. Iwo walunjika kapena pulezidenti kapena nduna yaikulu. Iye amayenera angapo mabungwe wamkulu: maboma, mautumiki ndi m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana. Nthambi Yolamula ili nthawi interacts ndi aphungu, monga munthu amene akuimira izo, zochita zawo ayenera ntchito ndi malamulo a. Chida chachikulu cha ulamuliro pa ntchito ya nthambi - ufulu kumuimba mlandu munthu yemwe akugwira ntchito ya boma, likhoza kuwononga dziko lawo.

Pa gulu la mphamvu m'chigawo chikoka ano ndi chitsutso, amene alipo ndi kumachita mwa lamulo. atsogoleri ake kupereka ziyenera kukayikira zochita ndi zikalata za nduna boma. Iwo Tsimikizirani pa ulamuliro wa demokalase ndale.

3. Mphamvu ya chiweruzo. Imakhala kumbali ya nthambi awiri oyambirira. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, izo analenga Supreme Court kapena udindo, zimene amachita kuyang'aniridwa pa mwambo wa Constitution ndi malangizo lolingana ya malamulo ndi wamkulu.

Choncho, iwo anazindikira kuti pamene mu chikhalidwe ikuchitika nsoka wa mphamvu mu nthambi zitatu, ndipo bwana, malamulo ndi zachiweruzo mabungwe kukhala osadalira pa mzake akulamulidwa, potero popewa zoyesayesa aliyense ntchito molakwika udindo.