Kodi Ataman Kudeyar ndi Ndani? Mbiri, nthano, tchulani ntchito zolemba

Ataman Kudeyar anali munthu wotchuka kwambiri m'mbiri ya nthano ya Aslav. Nkhani zokhudza iye zimadziwika m'madera ambiri a pakati ndi kum'mwera kwa Russia. M'nkhaniyi, maumboni ena odziwika bwino m'mbiri, nthano ndi mabuku a atamani awa adzafufuzidwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Chiyambi cha dzina lakuti Kudeyar

Palibe amene angatchule masiku enieni a moyo wa Ataman Kudeyar, koma amakhulupirira kuti anakhala m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Pali malingaliro ambiri ponena za chiyambi cha dzina la Persia dzina lake Khudoyar, lomwe potanthauzira limatanthauza "wokondedwa wa Mulungu," kapena Kudeyar, nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa chiyambi cha Chitata. Kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa Russia dzina ili liri ndi tanthauzo losiyana - wizara wamphamvu kwambiri.

Kwa nthawi yaitali dzina la Kudeyar linapezeka m'madera ambiri, monga Voronezh, Kharkov, Tula, Kaluga ndi ena ambiri. Kenako, dzina lakuti Kudeyarov linayamba kutchuka.

Dzina la Ataman Kudeyar silinapezeke nthano chabe. Pali zitsanzo za kutchula izi m'mbiri:

• M'banja la a Markovs, mbadwa ya Kursk, anali Kildeyar Ivanovich, amene adafupikitsidwa monga Kudeyar.
• M'mabuku ena a mbiri yakale, mwini nyumba amachokera ku Arzamas, yemwe amatchedwa Kudeyar Chufarov.
• Dzina la Moscow Cossack Karachaev Kudeyar limadziwika.
• Kawirikawiri mu annals anatchula Prince Meshchersky Kudeyar Ivanovich.
• Palinso zolemba za wolakwira wa Motherland, yemwe anathawira ku Crimea, dzina lake Kudeyar Tishenkov, yemwe anali wochokera ku Belevsky boyars. Ambiri amagwirizanitsa chifaniziro ichi ndi mbiri ya aaman.

Kudziwika kwa ataman ndi Yuri Tsarevich

Pali nthano zambiri zomwe zikufanana pakati pa aamanaman Kudeyar ndi Yuri Vasilievich, mwana wa Solomoniya Saburova ndi Vasily III. Mungathe kusankha ena mwa iwo:

1. Nkhaniyi imachokera ku Saratov, yomwe imanena kuti Ivan the Terrible, asanalowe usilikali ku Kazan, anachoka ku Moscow ali ku Kudeyar. Pambuyo pake anapeza kuti lamulo la Kazan linali lonama, pofuna kuti panthawi yomwe palibe Kudeyar Vasilyevich yemwe anali wolamulira, atapatsa chuma cha boma, adathawa chilango.
2. Nthano ya Simbirsk imanena kuti Yuri Kudeyar anaitanidwa ku Kazan kuti akaphedwe ndi Grozny. Komabe, ataphunzira pasadakhale za zolinga za Tsar, Yuri adatenga malo otetezera ku Volga, pafupi ndi tauni ya Krotkovo.
3. Nthano imadziwika kuti Tsar Ivan the Terrible adakumananso ndi Yuri pafupi ndi Kazan atazunguliridwa, ndipo womalizawo, adathawa kuchoka kwa wolamulira kupita kumpoto kwa dzikolo.
4. Nthano ya Kursk imanena kuti Yuri anagwidwa ndi a Tatata, omwe ankafuna kuti awombole kuchokera kwa iye. Chiyesocho chitatha, wogwidwawo anatumizidwa limodzi ndi ankhondo kupita kunkhondo ya mpando wachifumu. Komabe, lingaliro limeneli silinali lodziwika, kenako Yuri anakhala kumayiko a Russia, kumene adatenga.
5. Nthano ya Suzdal, imatsutsana za kutha kwa mgwirizano wodzifunira ndi Tatarara ndi Kudeyar Vasilievich, omwe cholinga chake chinali kugonjetsa ufumuwo. Komabe, powona kuti adakalipidwa ndi a Chitata, adayamba kuteteza dziko lake.

Nthano zonse zokhudzana ndi aamanaman ndi Yuri Kudeyar zimasonyeza kuti iye adagula dziko la Motherland, lomwe likudziwonetsera kuthawa kapena kusandulika kumbali ya mdaniyo.

Nthano zina zokhudzana ndi chiyambi cha Kudeyar

Pali nkhani zambiri zokhudza chiyambi cha Ataman Kudeyar:

• Malinga ndi mbiri ya Voronezh, Kudeyar anali wokhometsa msonkho kwa khansa. Nthaŵi ina, atapanda malo a Russia, adaganiza zobwerera kwa wolamulira, iye adakhazikika m'mayiko a Voronezh, adasonkhana pamodzi ndi anthu omwe anali ndi maganizo ake ndipo anapitirizabe moyo wake wonyansa. Posakhalitsa adayamba kukondana ndi mtsikana wina wa Chisilavo, am'gwira ndi kumupanga mkazi.

• M'mudzi wa Loch amakhulupirira kuti nthano yakuti Kudeyar sanali wina koma mng'ono wake wa Grozny. Emperor anaganiza zomupha, akukhulupirira kuti zabodza pamene adzalera, adzamulepheretsa mpando wake wachifumu. Komabe, atumikiwo sanamvere malamulo a tsar ndipo adathawa ndi kalonga, yemwe adadzakhala ku Islam ndipo adatchedwa Cudeyar.
• Pali nthano yakuti Kudeyar anali mwana wa Zhigmont Botory, yemwe anabadwa ngakhale asanadziwe amalume ake ndi mfumu ya Poland. Anathawira ku Dnieper kupita ku Cossacks, kenaka adalowa mu utumiki wa Ivan the Terrible, koma atathawa manyazi a Tsar iye adalowa moyo wa chiphuphu.
• Ku Ryazan pali lingaliro lakuti Kudeyar anali oprichnik, yemwe sanangotenga zamalonda ku Moscow, komanso anapatsa ng'ombe za anthu okhalamo.
• Ku Orel gubernia, aamanamu anali ngati mzimu wonyansa, amene ankayang'anira chuma chake.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magwero omwe ali osiyana, zimakhala zovuta kufotokoza molondola za Ataman Kudeyar.

Amayankhula za phanga la Kudeyar

Kwa nthawi yaitali, ambiri ofunafuna chuma adayesa kupeza chuma cha Kudeyar, yemwe ndi wakuba. Chilichonse sichinapambane. Mipukutu yakale yakale imanena za mizinda imene achifwamba a Ataman Kudeyar anabisa zinthu zomwe anaba. Ambiri mwa malowa amapezeka m'dera la Voronezh. Malingana ndi nkhani zina, m'nkhalango ya Bryansk pali malo omwe chuma chimabisika, ndipo usiku kuchokera ku miyala ya miyala pali kuwala, ndipo nthawizina kulira kwa mwana kumamveka.

Mphepete mwa Kudeyarov imatchulidwa ngati malo omwe sizinangosungidwa, koma adzikhala yekha m'chipinda chopangidwa bwino. Phiri lomwe munali phangali liri ndi zitsime zonse. Pafupi ndi phirili ndi Karaulnaya, yomwe inayikidwa olamulira achifwamba. Udzu wakuya unamangidwa kuzungulira malo awa, kuteteza pogona ndi anthu ake kuchokera kwa alendo osayitanidwa. Pa nthawi yomwe Kudeyar adachoka pakhomo pake kufunafuna phindu latsopano, adatseka zipinda zonse, ndipo khomo la phangalo linadzazidwa ndi miyala. Amakhulupirira kuti mzimu wa ataman ukupitirizabe kusamala chuma chake chosaneneka kwa anthu mpaka lero. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti Kudeyar akadali moyo lero chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zamatsenga.

Pali nthano ina ya nthano. Malingana ndi iye, chuma chake chonse chinalengezedwa pamaso pa anthu kwa zaka 200. Mawu awa atha kale, ndipo pofunafuna chuma, nambala yosamvetseka ya anthu amafunika. Pambuyo polowera, mutsegule chitseko chomwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kiyi yagolide, yomwe imasungidwa mumsana wa Simov. Sizowonjezereka kuti upeze izo, zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi munthu amene amanyalanyaza kasupe kapena akhoza kutunga madzi ku Nyanja ya Chakudya, malo omwe palibe yemwe akudziwa.

Chithunzi chogwirizana cha wakuba

Chithunzi cha Yuri Tsarevich, omwe ambiri amaona kuti Kudeyar ndi wachifwamba, m'mbiri yake ndi ophatikizana ndipo ali ndi chidziwitso cha anthu enieni, koma osiyana. Chifukwa chake, dzina lakuti Kudeyar linakhala dzina la anthu pakati pa anthu. Amadziwika ndi achifwamba omwe alipo. Sizingatheke kutchula chikhalidwe ichi molondola, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa deta yomwe imatsimikizira kukhalapo kwake kwenikweni.

Malinga ndi zolembedwa m'dera la Saratov, Kudeyar akuwoneka ngati wa Chitata yemwe amadziwa bwino Chirasha ndipo amadziwika ndi kuonekera kwakukulu komanso kosaoneka. Ndiponso, nthano zambiri zimapereka chikhalidwe ichi ndi mphamvu zamatsenga zomwe zinamuthandiza kulanda, komanso kubisika kwa omutsatira.

M'mipukutu ina, aaman akufotokozedwa kuti ndi munthu wamdima wosafulumira komanso wokwiya molakwika, yemwe anali wodzipereka mwachisawawa. Komanso, malinga ndi nkhani zina, fano losiyana-siyana limaperekedwa - munthu wokongola, nkhope yachithunzithunzi, wanzeru, ali ndi zofooka kwa atsikana aang'ono.

Kawirikawiri, tingathe kuzindikira zithunzi zambiri za Kudeyar, zochokera m'nkhani zakalekale. Ena amanena kuti iye ndi moyo wa wachifwamba wankhanza, ena amakhulupirira kuti ataman wa ku Kudeyar anali wachifumu wamagazi ndipo anali kubisala ku mkwiyo wolungama wa mfumu. Komanso palinso lingaliro kuti iye anali wonyenga yemwe ankadziyesa kukhala munthu wachifumu wamagazi.

Tchulani chikhalidwe mu ntchito ya Nekrasov

Ataman Kudeyar ku Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, mlembi wamkulu wa ku Russia, akutchulidwa mu "Amene Amakhala Chabwino ku Russia", m'mutu umodzi wa mutu wakuti "Phwando la Dziko Lonse." Mitu yomalizira ya mutu uno imasiyana malinga ndi bukhuli, popeza malemba angapo amadziwika:

• Zolembedwa pamanja za 1876 za magazini ya "Otechestvennye zapiski" komanso zolemba zolemba zolemba zapamwamba zomwe zinalembedwa pamwambowu. M'chaka cha 1881, magazini ina inalembedwa m'magazini ino.
• Mu 1879, buku loletsedwa la Petersburg Free Press linasindikizidwa. Njira iyi ikuphatikizidwa mu kusonkhanitsa kwa ntchito za wolemba.

Mu ntchitoyi, chikhalidwe cha Kudeyar ndi nthano, yomwe Jonaska akuwuza. M'nkhani yake, akuwuza za woba wakuba yemwe adalapa machimo angwiro ndikuyamba moyo wake. Komabe, sakupeza malo, ndipo tsiku lina ali mlendo yemwe akuuza momwe angafikire pacifier. Kuti tichite izi, nkofunika kudula mtengo wamtengo wapatali womwe uli ndi zaka zomwe anthu osalakwa anaphedwa. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchitoyi kunatenga zaka, koma mtengo unagwa pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa Pan Glukhovsky.

Anthu pafupifupi ochokera ku Ataman Kudeyar mu "Amene Ali ku Russia Akukhala Bwino" anali ochepa. Chogulitsa chikuwonetsa nambala yawo. M'nthanoyo imati: "Obaba khumi ndi awiri ankakhala, Kudeyar ndi Ataman ankakhala." Pamene Kudeyar adasankha kupempherera machimo ndi kulapa, adachotsa kubwezera kwake kwaulere.

Tchulani ntchito ya olemba ena

Chithunzi cha Ataman Kudeyar sichipezeka pa ntchito ya Nekrasov. Kutchulidwa kwa iye kuli mu buku la Kostomarov "Kudeyar", komanso mu "The Last Love of Kudeyar," yomwe inafotokozedwa ndi Navrotsky.

Ntchito za Kostomarov kumeneko zimatchulidwa ku nthano za chiyambi cha khalidwe kuchokera ku banja loyamba la Vasily lachitatu. Mkazi wake atatha kusudzulana anatumizidwa ku nyumba ya amonke chifukwa cha kusabereka. Komabe, mkati mwa makoma a nyumba ya amonke mwana wake amabadwa. Mkazi amutumiza iye ndi anthu ake okhulupirika ku malire a Turkey, kumene kalonga amatengedwa wamndende. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, atakhala wamkulu, akuthawira kudziko lakwawo, komwe akukhala wachifwamba dzina lake Kudeyar.

Chikhalidwe ichi chimatchulidwanso mu mabuku a Soviet:

• M'nkhani ya Kuprin "Grunya" pali kuyerekezera kwa amalume a chikhalidwe chachikulu ndi fano la ataman wotchuka.
• Bakhrevsky anafotokoza nkhani ya Kudeyar mu ntchito yakuti "The Treasure of the Ataman".
• Shiryaev akukamba za ataman mu "Kudeyarov Oak".
• Alexandrov akulongosola chithunzichi mu "kudeyarovoye msasa."
• Wachifwamba amatchulidwa pazomwe "Pelagia" analemba ndi wolemba Akunin.

Nyimbo ya Chaliapin

"Kumeneko ankakhala achifwamba khumi ndi awiri, ankakhala ku Kudeyar Ataman" - ndi momwe ndime yoyamba ya nyimbo "Otsatira a Khumi ndi Awiri" akuchitidwa ndi Fyodor Shalyapin malinga ndi mawu a Nekrasov ntchito yake ikuyamba. Malingana ndi mabuku ena, kupanga nyimbo kumatchedwa Nikolai Manykin-Nevstruev.

"Kudeyar Ataman" - nyimbo yonena za wachifwamba ndi anzake - ikuchitidwa limodzi ndi nyimbo ya nyimbo, yomwe imayimba potsutsa ndime iliyonse: "Tidzapemphera kwa Ambuye Mulungu, tidzakambirana nkhani yakale!" Choncho mu Solovki tinauzidwa kuti ndi okhulupilika ambiri Pitirim.

Cholengedwa chopatsidwa ngakhale chiri chochokera pamasalimo kuchokera ku ndakatulo yosatha Nekrasov "Kwa omwe ali mu Russia kuti azikhala bwino", koma, nawonso, ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya ndakatulo sinanene kuti Kudeyar ndi Pitirim ndi anthu ofanana, mosiyana ndi nyimbo.

Kuwonjezera apo, m'nthano zambiri komanso muzolembedwa za ntchito ya Kudeyar akufotokozedwa kuti ndi wobwezera wobwezera anthu omwe amasiya moyo wa wolanda, amakhala wamwendamnjira ndikukhala mumsasa, ndipo Kudeyar yemwe amatha kupita ku nyumba ya ambuye kukapempherera machimo ake.

Mawuwo ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ojambula. Anthu ambiri anamva ntchito imeneyi yolembedwa ndi Eugene Dyatlov. Lero ilo likuphatikizidwa mu zolembera za makoya ambiri a tchalitchi.

Kudeyarovo hillfort

Malinga ndi nthano zina, Ataman Kudeyar ankakhala ndi achifwamba ake pamphepete mwa Sejm, mumtunda wotchedwa Kudeyar. Nthano imeneyi imatchula Catherine II, amene panthawiyo ankapita kum'mwera kwa Russia. Mmodzi mwa malo ake omwe ali pafupi ndi malo awa akale a Kudeyar adakakhala akuba katundu wa golide wa Empress ndikuuika pakati pa mitengo itatu.

Chodziwika bwino ndi Chertovo hillfort, omwe ambiri amatcha Mtsinje wa Shutovaya, pamsewu wochokera ku Kozelsk kupita ku Likhvin. Malo awa anali okongola kwambiri, chifukwa anali pamsewu uwu omwe amphawi ndi katundu, omwe anali phwando labwino kwa wakuba aliyense, nthawi zambiri ankachitika.

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti apa panali malo othawirako a Kudeyar, omwe amamangidwira ndi mphamvu zoipa. Amakhulupirira kuti ndi mphamvu iyi yomwe imatetezera chuma chobisika cha wolanda, ndipo usiku kumalo amenewo kumawonekera mzimu wa Lubusha, mwana wa ataman, yemwe anatembereredwa ndi kumangidwa ndi bambo ake m'mayiko awa.

Black Yar

Ndipotu, pali mizinda yambiri ya ku Kudeyarov m'madera akumwera kwa Russia. Chigawo chilichonse chili ndi mbiri yake ndi malo ake, kumene chuma cha gulu la Kudeyar chimabisika.

Kutchuka kwambiri kumapezeka ndi phiri la Black Yar, lomwe lili m'chigawo cha Lipetsk. Mbali yake yosiyana ndi mwala wa mtundu wa bluu umene uli pamwamba, umene umawoneka kuti ndi wokondwera kavalo wa ataman, yemwe analandira mtundu woterewu pamene utenthedwa ndi moto.

Malinga ndi nthano zambiri, kunali kuno kumene kunkhondo kwa Kudeyarov kunali. Malinga ndi nthano, Don Cossacks, osakondwera ndi anthu owonjezera a Kudeyar ndi achifwamba ake, adayamba kumenyana nawo. Atafika ku nsanja, sanathe kuigwira, choncho adayungulira ndi matabwa ndikuwotcha.

Ataman anabisa chiwonongeko chonse ndipo anasiya kavalo wake wokonda kukhala mlonda. Ndipo kuti iye sanavutike ndi moto, adasandutsa miyala.

Kwa anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka ku Kudeyar ndi nkhani yoiwalika, koma osati kale kwambiri khalidwe ili linali lopanda pake, wina akhoza kunena, nthano chabe. Ndipo ngakhale lero kukumbukira kwake kukusungidwa mu mayina a mapiri, mizinda, yars, ndipo dzina lakuti Kudeyar palokha limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yowopsya, yosazolowereka.