Kuvomerezeka kwa USSR: miyeso, chiwerengero

Dziko lonse la Russia linali lochepa kwambiri. Choncho, ngakhale mu Moscow chaka cha 1914 chiŵerengero cha magalimoto okonzedwa bwino ndi maulendo 2,200 okha.

Pambuyo pa Revolution ya Oktoba, magalimoto sanawonjezere zambiri, kotero panali chizindikiro chokwanira cholembetsa galimoto, ndipo mzinda uliwonse ukhoza kudziwitsa maonekedwe awo mosiyana. Komabe, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920, mabasi enieni adayambika m'dzikoli, ndipo nambala ina mwa nambalayo idasowa kale.

Mawerengedwe a chiwerengero cha chaka cha 1931

Mu 1931, ulamuliro wa USSR unachepetsedwa kukhala woyenera umodzi, wokakamizidwa ku madera onse a dzikoli.

Tsopano choika chitsulo choyera chinakhazikitsidwa pa makina , omwe kalata imodzi ndi manambala anayi adasindikizidwa wakuda pa pepala lakuda-lakuda. Mwachitsanzo, G-41-73.

Komabe, mu mawonekedwe olembetsa mawonekedwewa anakhala zaka zitatu zokha.

Kulembetsa chizindikiro cha 1934

Mu 1934 onse oyendetsa galimoto m'dzikoli kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi adayenera kusintha mgwirizano wakale wa chilolezo kuti akhale watsopano, wowonjezera. Pa nthawiyi dzikoli linagawidwa m'madera makumi anai mphambu asanu - Dortrans ndi mitu yake, yomwe dzina lake, malinga ndi ndondomeko yowonjezeredwa, linawonetsedwa pansi pa mbale. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwerengero cha alfabheti chinachotsedwa, chinalowetsedwa ndi chiwerengero. Umenewo ndiwo ufulu wa USSR ngati uwu: 1-23-45 MOSCOW.

Chizindikirocho chikhoza kukhala ndi ziwerengero zinayi, ngati chiwerengero cha magalimoto m'deralo sichinali chokwanira. Mtundu wa piritsiyo unasintha chimodzimodzi: zizindikiro zakuda zakuda.

Koma mu mawonekedwe awa kulembedwa kwa "tin" sikunathere nthawi yaitali.

Nambala za galimoto za mzere wa 1936

Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pa chiwerengero cha nambalayi, eni a galimotoyo anachotsanso zizindikiro zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku magalimoto awo ndikugwirizanitsa zatsopano, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yatsopano.

Nthawiyi mbalezo zinasintha kwambiri. Tsopano chiwerengero chakhala "cholakwika": chiyambi chachikulu chiri chakuda, ndipo makalata okhala ndi manambala ali oyera. Momwemo mawonekedwewo asinthidwanso. Tsopano mphamvu ya USSR (chithunzi m'munsiyi) iyenera kuti inali ndi zigawo ziwiri za digito, zosiyana ndi mzere, ndipo m'malo mwa dzina la Dortrans, panali zilembo ziwiri zomwe ziyenera kuti zasonyeza kuti galimotoyo ili m'deralo.

Kuwonjezera apo, mbale zam'mbuyo ndi zam'mbuyo zimasiyana mooneka ndi kukula. Nambala yapambali inali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, pomwe zizindikiro zonse zisanu ndi chimodzi zinalembedwa mzere umodzi: AB 56-78. Chizindikiro cham'mbuyo chimakhala chapafupi, mzere wapamwamba unakhala ndi makalata, ndi m'munsi mwa nambala.

Mwa njira, zinali ndi muyeso uwu mpaka masiku athu omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malemba kuti asagwiritse ntchito makalata kachiwiri: E, L, L, N, Z.

Ovomerezeka akuda ndi azungu a muyeso wa 1936 adakhala zaka khumi ndi zosintha zosasintha. Kusintha kokha kunakhudza kumbuyo kwa "tin ting": ngati nkhondo isanayambe makalata awiri ali pakatikati mwa chizindikiro, ndiye anasamukira kumanzere.

Ulamuliro wa USSR mu 1946

Nkhondo itatha ndi nambala yolembera inayamba chisokonezo chonse. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha magalimoto omwe analipo pakadutsa nthawi ya nkhondo adasamaliridwa ku zida za ankhondo, motero, ndipo kale analembetsedwa pansi pa chiwerengero cha asilikali kuti alembetse. Pambuyo pa chigonjetso, zipangizo zotsalazo zinabwerera "kwa nzika". Pano pano, mapepala akale "asanamenye nkhondo" kuti abwezeretsenso kachiwiri anali ovuta kwambiri. Komanso m'dzikolo munali mpikisano wochuluka wosayendetsa.

Mwachidule, ulamuliro wa USSR unali wofunikira kwambiri kuti ukhale wofanana, womwe unachitika mu 1946.

Maonekedwe a mapiritsi sanasinthe, koma nthawi ino amakhala achikasu, ali ndi zizindikiro zakuda. Kuonjezera apo, zilembo za zilembo zatsopanozi zinali zochepa kwambiri kuposa ziwerengerozo, choncho anayamba kulemba pa nambala yakutsogolo kumbali yakumanzere kumanzere, kumbuyo komwe anakhala pakati.

Magalimoto okhala ndi chikwangwani chachikasu adakwera Soviet Union mpaka kumapeto kwa makumi asanu, pamene kukula kwakukulu kwa msewu wa msewu wa dziko sikunapangitse kuti m'madera ena ziphatikizi zina zatha. Nambala ya magalimoto atsopano anayamba kusowa, ndipo ndi izi zinali zofunikira kuchita chinachake mwamsanga.

GOST 1959

Mu 1959, chikhalidwe chatsopano cha ulamuliro wa USSR chinawonekera.

Miyeso ya mbaleyo sinasinthe, koma chizindikiro cholembetsa chinasintha. Monga pa chisanachitike nkhondo, makalata oyera ndi manambala anagwiritsidwa ntchito kumdima wakuda.

Pa nambala yakutsogolo, makalata achoka kuchokera kumtunda wakumzere kupita kumbali yakumanja ya kumanja. Sankhani dera limene galimotoyo ili, linakhala losavuta: dzina lake linatchulidwa ndi makalata awiri oyambirira. Mwachitsanzo, magalimoto a ku Moscow anapita ndi mbale zomwe zinayamba ndi "MO" (MOS, MOR, ILO), Leningrad ndi "LE" (LEG, LEN), ku Crimea, ndi "KR".

Komabe, kwa zaka zingapo, pamodzi ndi manambala atsopano, makina ena adalandira zilembo zakale, zomwe ndi zachikasu. Izi zinapitirira mpaka 1960. Njinga yamoto inali kuyenda mpaka 1965.

Mu 1967, lamulo linaperekedwa kuti aboma apange chitsanzo chimodzi, koma lamuloli linali, ndipo panalibe malire enieni, choncho eni eni apamtima sanasonyeze changu chenicheni chotsatira zizindikiro zakale ndi zina, ndipo apolisi amtunda sanaumirirepo.

Komabe, Lenin ali ndi zaka 100, adasankha kuthetsa chisokonezo ichi. Kufulumizitsa ndondomekoyi, SAI inalandira malangizo omwe amachititsa kuti kuyendera kugwire ntchito mwakhama ndi oyendetsa galimoto, powakakamiza kusinthanitsa zizindikiro zolembera. Komabe, manambala achikasu, ngakhale kuti ndi osowa, adakali nawo pamisewu ya dziko mpaka zaka za m'ma 1980.

Nambala ya 1981

Kumayambiriro kwa maseŵera a Olimpiki a ku Moscow, machitidwe a USSR okhazikika adasintha kachiwiri. Mtundu wa mtundu unasinthidwanso: zizindikiro zakuda zinalembedwa kumbali yoyera. Kuwonjezera apo, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, zizindikiro zolembera zinagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: kwa amalonda apadera ndi pa zamagalimoto.

Nambala kwa anthu payekha inaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe awa - kalata yaying'ono, majdi awiri, dash, manambala awiri ndi makalata awiri akulu. Makalata awiri otsirizawa adatanthauzanso kukhala m'deralo. Kalata yoyamba inali yosasinthasintha ndipo ingakhale yolemba mndandanda wa zilembo (kupatulapo zosiyana).

Kutengera kwa boma kunaperekedwa ndi manambala mu maonekedwe - maulendo awiri, dash, manambala awiri ndi makalata atatu akuluakulu.

Pa magalimoto, mabasi ndi njinga zamoto, nsanamira yam'mbuyo yamtunduyo inali yaying'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, ziwerengero zomwe zimakhala pamunsi mwa mbale, ndipo makalata atatu akuluwa ali pamwamba.

Kugonjera kwa USSR: miyeso

Zodziŵika bwino za kukula kwa manambala omwe anaikidwa pa magalimoto pasanafike 1936, ayi. Koma magawo a zizindikiro zolembera pambuyo pake akunenedwa mu GOST 3207-36. Ilo linatanthawuza chirichonse: kukula kwa manambala, makalata, ngakhalenso kuwombera. Pambuyo pake, zinali ndi muyeso uwu kuti mbale zotsalira ndi kutsogolo zinakhala zosiyana.

Choncho, nambala ya kutsogolo inali yaitali 58.5 masentimita ndipo m'lifupi mwake 12.5 masentimita. Yambani motsatira - 36h34.5 masentimita.

Zomwe ma autonomers achikasu a USSR amafotokozedwa mu GOST 3207-46. Zizindikiro izi zinachepa pang'ono kuposa nkhondo isanamenye nkhondo: kutsogolo - 38.5 x 11 cm, kumbuyo - 28.5 x 18.5 cm.

Zomwe zimatchedwa nambala zakuda (1959) zinatchulidwa mu GOST 3207-58.

Pambuyo kutulutsidwa kwa muyeso uwu, miyeso ya kutsogolo kwazitsulo ndi 46.5x11.2 cm, zizindikiro zakumbuyo ndi 29x17 masentimita.

Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa 1980, kuyambira pa January 1, USSR inayamba kugwira ntchito GOST 3207-77. Mndandanda uwu umapanga magawo otsatirawa pa mapiritsi: kutsogolo - 52x11.2 masentimita, kumbuyo - 28.8x22.6 masentimita. Mwa njirayo, zinali mu GOST iyi kuti kutchulidwa kwa zizindikiro za chigawochi kunatchulidwanso.

Kotero, mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wa "UChI" pa ovomerezeka a USSR uyenera kutanthauza kuti galimotoyo inalembedwa ku Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, ndipo "mu GDR" - Georgian SSR.

Chochititsa chidwi

Sochi, monga momwe akudziwira, ili ku Krasnodar Territory ndipo, motero, ili ndi kugwirizanitsa chigawo. Komabe, ngakhale malo otchukawa anali mzinda wokha womwe unali ndi zipinda zawo. Ngati magalimoto onse a derali adayenda ndi "KK", ndiye kuti galimoto yomwe inalembedwa ku Sochi inali ndi "SO".