Kulik (mbalame): kufotokoza, malo okhala, chakudya

Imodzi ya mbalame ambiri ankaona sandpiper. Mu Russia yekha, amene pali pafupifupi 75 mitundu. Ndi maonekedwe awo, mbalame zimenezi amakhala ngati nkhunda, koma bwino anafotokoza zinthu zapadera. Ornithologists kuwerengera nawo kuti Charadriiformes. Tikambirana mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale, ndiwo ambiri.

Little stint

nthenga Izi ndi nthumwi zing'onozing'ono mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale ndi. Imatha kulemera alibe upambana magalamu 27. Iwo ali mwachindunji lalifupi mulomo. Iwo ali yaitali (10 cm), koma mapiko yopapatiza, zala lalifupi, sing'anga miyendo kutalika. The nthenga ya chifuwa, flanks, craw, khosi, khosi ndi masaya ali pabuka-ocher hue. Nthenga komanso ndi milozo bulauni. Pansi pa mbalame woyera. The ndege nthenga blackish-bulauni mapiko. nthenga Secondary pa mapiko a m'munsi ndi ndi yowala wakuda kutsekedwa. Kulik (chithunzi m'munsimu) amasintha mtundu m'nyengo yozizira. Kumbuyo uko ndi grayish-bulauni mtundu, pansi ndi yowala, ndipo ena mbewu limapezeka zauve ocher zolengeza.

Izi ang'onoang'ono sandpiper - mbalame Titafika pamalo. Iye zikukhazikitsa m'madera kuyambira nkhalango Norway , ndi malire m'munsi a Lena. N'zotheka kukumana ena a zilumba za Ocean Arctic. Nthawi zina mbalame yothetsa mu nkhalango. Kulik - mbalame zosamukasamuka ndi wintering anatumizidwa ku Africa, Asia South ndi kugwada kwa Tasmania. Anthu ena Tingaone kum'mwera kwa Nyanja ya Caspian.

Mating ndi ana Little stint

Atabwerera kunyumba zawo, mbalame ali okonzeka mating. Nthawi imeneyi, Sandpiper mu ndege Amachotsa mapiko, yanking iwo. trill wake amakhala ngati phokoso limene apereke chiwala. malo kukaikira mazira nthawi osankhidwa pansi chitsamba. Dinani stint ophimbidwa dzenje chaka chatha udzu ndi pang'ono kugona tulo ake. Akalowa kungakhale masamba a misondodzi nyenyezi yaing'ono.

Kawirikawiri zomangamanga mazira Little stint anayi ndi azitona bulauni. Koma nthawi zambiri mtundu awo akhoza zimasiyana kwambiri. Kuika mazira zambiri amapezeka pa mapeto a June, ndi pakati kapena mapeto a mwezi wamawa kuoneka puhovichki. Kale chiyambi cha August, anapiye ali ndi nthenga, koma iwo sangathe kuwuluka. Koma asanapeze kuwuluka, sandpiper anapiye mabanja osiyana kutsindikiza mogwirizana ziweto zawo. Ake "mamembala" ndi ndege ndipo izi utangoyamba gulu laling'ono amayamba kuyendayenda Titafika pamalo, pokonzekera ndege kwa dzinja. Nthawiyi kawirikawiri kugwa pa mwezi wa August ndipo akupitiriza mpaka m'masiku otsiriza a September.

Khalidwe ndi zakudya Little stint

Ngati wina aliyense malamulo a mbalame mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale (nthawizina pali kuchotserapo), woimira mtundu uwu ali ndi khalidwe mumasangalala nawo. Mbalame bwino ndipo mwakachetechete kuthamanga ndipo palibe mkangano. Iwo kudya mwakachetechete ndi zambiri chete. Nthawi zina, akhoza mwakachetechete tilankhule wina ndi mnzake pa chakudya chawo. Pamene munthu akupitirizabe kuchita zinthu modekha.

Chifukwa cha zakudya ndizo tizilombo. Nthawi zina mbalame akhoza kutulutsa nkhanu ndi molluscs. Komanso, mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale izi ngati bloodworms ndi mphutsi za tizilombo m'madzi.

Oystercatchers

Izi nthenga miyendo osiyana amphamvu ndi yaitali, molunjika mulomo. Kuweta mtundu osakaniza - wakuda ndi woyera, koma mwina ena mbalame zikuuluka mithunzi ya bulauni, kapena zofiirira. Mu subfamily ichi ndi nthumwi 4, sipangakhalenso pamodzi mu view limodzi. Koma oystercatcher ambiri wamba. Kukula kwa izi nthenga zofanana monga nkhunda. Iye, komanso anthu ena subfamily uyu ali ndi amphamvu elongated mulomo. Anthu ena, iye atachoka sanauke. Komanso, mlomo wake ali wothinikizidwa laterally. Anthu mbalamezi zimakumana zokhala kumpoto, mulomo pang'ono adzafupikitsidwa. Mwakula kupanga "magpie" ndi khosi wakuda, mutu, kumbuyo mbali, gawo la mapiko ndi mapeto a mchira. zolembera zina yekha woyera.

Mbalame yaing'ono diso Svetlenkoe malo. mbalame kumpoto angathe kusiyanitsidwa ndi kummwera kuchuluka kwa pigment wakuda pa mapiko. Koma ena oystercatchers, malingana ndi malo a malo awo, kungakhale mdima kwathunthu. Mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale Russian angalemere pafupi 500 magalamu. mapiko awo pa kutalika ukufika 26 cm.

inafikira

"Magpies" maiwe wamba padziko mitsinje ya kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, koma za anthu amene kutumiza madzi awo kum'mwera. Komanso angapezeke pa gombe la White Nyanja ndi Barents Sea. Mbalame mukufuna kuthetsa m'madamu cha mitsinje ya ku Central Asia ndi Western Siberia. Anthu a Kamchatka lachilendo ndi nthenga ili yowala. malo awo si Russia. Iwo amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Ulaya (North ndi West), USA, Australia, Africa, New Zealand, Tasmania. Kumadera athu, mbalame izi ndi maulendo ataliatali ndipo yozizira kupita ku Asia kapena Africa.

Kukaikira mazira "makumi"

Kwawo panthawi zosiyanasiyana, malingana Hrs awo anayamba. "Amtundu" wa dera Moscow kufika mu April, ndipo mu Gulf wa Kandalaksha mbalame zimenezo chisa kuyandikira kwa May. Pochokera wintering mbalame anawagawa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo anayamba tokovanie. Nthawi imeneyi, iwo akuwuluka ndi mawu wokweza mu voteji ndi kugwera pansi mulomo. njira yawo ndi mzere wolunjika. Popeza anafika malo ena, iwo anabwereranso. dazeni "mwamuna ndi mkazi" angatengere mbali pa ntchito choterocho. kumuwombera Izi wader pang'onopang'ono chitatha akhale awiriawiri, amene anachotsa m'dziko lawo chifukwa kukaikira mazira. Mwina kudziŵika kuti masewera izi ndi mbalame pa zaka zitatu, uwu uli m'badwo iwo tikule. About Nyanja Barents ngati tokovanie kugwa mu June.

Zisa zawo za magpies, sandpipers pa gombe, pamene pali osaya ndi Mzere lonse la littoral, kawirikawiri Magombe. Gombe kungakhale mchenga, miyala, nsangalabwi, shelly. Ngati mbalame moyo mu kumtunda, iwo kusankha kugombe la nyanja kapena mitsinje. M'chigawo chapakati za nthawi, izo ananena kuti mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale kuthetsa m'minda kumene kulibe dziwe pafupi.

Mabanja ndi okolognezdovoy malo zawo akulondera. Koma, ngakhale, iwo ali pafupi kwambiri azikhala ndi anansi awo. Kulik - mbalame, yodziwika dongosolo wosazindikira a chisa. Choncho, "magpies" pa zinthu lotseguka zochepa dzenje ndi n'kulidzaza. Mu kusanjika mazira zambiri 3, koma nthawi zina zinayi kapena 2. mazira yawo ikuluikulu kukula 5-6 masentimita yaitali. Iwo ali kuwala ocher mtundu ndipo ndi dashes ndi mawanga bulauni. Kuswa, makolo amakhala otanganidwa, ndipo zinditsata mzake zambiri. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 28.

Pa tsiku la achire puhovichki kale kunja chisa, koma basi kuti athe amasangalala makolo ake. Mbalame ayenera kusamalira ana awo. Nthawi zina chakudya ali kutali ndi angayankhe mochedwa ndi kudya, ndiyeno ana amafa kutupikana. Anapiye sangathe udye kwa nthawi yaitali. Choncho, makolo ayenera Musiyeni pafupi masabata atatu ana njala.

Asayansi anatsimikizira kuti sandpiper (chithunzi adafotokoza pamwamba) amamangiriridwa ku malo kukaikira mazira, ndi kubwerera ku hibernation akutenga malo ake akale.

mphamvu oystercatchers

The zakudya mbalame zosiyanasiyana. Iwo amatha kukakwera chikhazikitso awo akuvutika pa malo, madzi osaya, ndi kukumba mu zaryvshihsya pansi. Mwachitsanzo, menyu oystercatchers kudya nkhanu, mollusks, polychaete, mbozi, tizilombo ndi mphutsi. Ngati nkotheka, amatha kugwira nsomba yaing'ono. Kuphwanya chigoba cha nkhanu, iwo ntchito mlomo wamphamvu. mbalame yaing'ono mwina kumira kuti itenge pa miyala ndipo muiike mu ming'alu, kuti magawowa kutsegula kupanga. Ngati wogwiriridwayo ali pansi mwala, mbalame atasokonezeka wake kapena kuiika pansi mlomo wa. Anthu a dera Orenburg anauzidwa kuti pambuyo kuthirira minda zambiri kukathira nkhondo oystercatchers ndi massively kuwononga kafadala.

Kufotokozera Black Oystercatcher

Izi mamembala a dongosolo n'zosiyana wamba Oystercatcher wokulirapo. Pakulemera konse kungakhale 700., nthenga zawo ndi mdima mu mtundu. White ndi mitundu kuwala ndi kwina kwathunthu. Mtundu ndi pang'ono malankhulidwe bulauni, kawirikawiri kumbuyo, pansi ndi mbali ya phiko. Mlomo kutalika kwa masentimita 6.5 kuti 8.5. Komanso ofala ndi mphete padziko diso lofiira. miyendo amphamvu zofewa pinki mtundu. The wamkazi losiyana kwa mwamuna ndi mlomo wautali ndi thupi mwamphamvu.

Oystercatcher wakuda imapezeka mu North America (kumadzulo gombe). Mu mbali ya kum'mwera ya mbalame awa amangokhala moyo. Pafupi mbalame yozizira kufika pano a kumpoto. Iwo kukhazikika makamaka m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja miyala ndi kupewa malo ndi zomera zakutchire.

Kulik-supuni-billed sandpiper

Mtundu wa wader losiyana zayamba oyandikana nawo nyumba, chifukwa ali ndi dongosolo wapadera wa mlomo wa. mapeto ake ali mbali ofanana spatula lapansi. mitundu ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Choncho, pamene kudyetsa izo zimakonda kusewera kwambiri limafotokoza theka-bwalo ndi mutu pa nthawi ino msanga iri yofulumira m'madzi, kuyang'ana pa mimba. Iwo akhoza kwambiri kutembenuka ndi kuthamangira ku Nineve, kusiya madzi kwawo "spatula." mapiko pafupifupi m'litali ndi 10 cm.

Limited yogawa lopatnya. kukhala malo Ake - Chukotka, ku Cape Vankarem ku Gulf of Anadyr. Pakuti wintering ndi sandpiper amapita ku Asia Southeast. Nthawi zina pa ndege mbalame pafupi zina mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale yaing'ono. Ngakhale supuni-billed sandpiper ali kapangidwe osaka mulomo, izo sizimawoneka zamwano ndi catchy, kotero koyamba kungakhale amasokonezeka ndi alipidwa Kulik. mitundu ndi ochepa ndipo salowa ntchito m'madera yotakata, choncho mu Red Book of mndandanda Russia.

Kulik-Pectoral Sandpiper

Mtundu wa mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale ali kumbuyo blackish zofiirira ndi nthenga munthu wofiira. Nadhvoste wakuda. Chifuwa ndi khosi lotupa zofiirira ndi zazikulu bulondi. Amuna kulemera magalamu 100, akazi - 72 ga phiko kutalika -.. 13 masentimita pafupifupi mbalame wakonda yolowera mu Titafika pamalo a Canada ndi Alaska. Komanso chitha chisa ku Siberia Chipululu chamatalala chaka chonse (kumpoto) kuchokera Chukchi Peninsula ku East Tajmyra. Posachedwapa, izo kudziŵika kuti Pectoral Sandpiper anaulukira ku Ulaya, kotero ornithologists tasiya chiyembekezo kuti ana posachedwapa kukhazikika mu dera la kumadzulo.

Mbalame zimene zimakhala Siberia, mu kugwa kupita ku Alaska, kumene zikuchitika kum'mwera. Iwo m'nyengo yozizira ku climes otentha - America South, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile.

Pamene anabwerera ku dziko lakwawo, mbalame nkuyamba masewera mating. Pakati pa mbalame zina zonse zofanana amaitana tcheru, Pectoral Sandpiper sandpiper. Mbalame wayamba adzauka pa kutalika otsika ndi kudzitukumula khosi, chimabala zikumveka ofanana Duden. Komanso mwamuna akhoza kukonza chifaniziro, akuthamanga khosi kutupa za samochki. Zizolowezi zina, iye amayang'ana ngati chakuda grouse pa mating. Pambuyo awiri zachitika, akazi amawaumbatira ndi zowalamulira, ndi wamwamuna amayendayenda komwe.

curlew

Mbalame ndifilimu brownish ndi elongated mulomo yokhota kumapeto downwards. Koma ambiri Chofunika, kodi chidwi, nthumwi izi - kuti iwo ali yaikulu ya mtundu wa mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale. Mating wamwamuna akugwirizira pafupi wokondedwa wake. Pa pansi amanyamula mapiko, mulomo amatsogolera mmwamba ndi pansi, kupasuka, ndi makutu kumbuyo ponytail. Ofala awiriawiri kukhalabe okhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake.

Ikani ku chisa mwamuna akufuna. Iye unkagunda pansi, kupanga dzenje pansi. Conco asolola angapo pafupi ndi dzenje choyamba. The wamkazi amasankha munthu amakonda ndipo akalowa ake mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale udzu. Apa, mkazi kutchera wina, koma lalikulu dzira maolivi wobiriwira ndi specks bulauni. Mukabwera kwa masiku angapo, iye akubweretsa dzira lotsatira, ndiyeno zowalamulira akhoza kuligonjetsa wachitatu ndi wachinayi. The kuswa mwachangu nawo iye ndi iye. Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa mwana wankhuku choyamba ayenera kupita kwa masiku 26 mpaka 28. Ana komanso anaonerera makolo onse. Anapiye okonzeka kuuluka pa zaka patangotha mwezi. Pambuyo pake, mabanja ambiri ndi ana pamodzi mu paketi imodzi ndi kuyamba migrations awo. Yozizira iwo kupita ku Asia South kapena Africa. Kunyamuka chikuchitika oyambirira, kuzungulira August, koma anthu ena akhoza anachedwa mpaka September. Nthawizina, mu Germany ndi England, sandpipers awa kusankha m'nyengo yozizira pa Intaneti.

Mu dziko lathu, anthu subspecies asanu curlews, ndipo okwana asanu ndi atatu.

Jack-snipe

Izi kakang'ono kwambiri Kulichok. Iwo akulemera magalamu 60 okha. Koma alenje ambiri musalole mwayi kuti amugwire iye, chifukwa nyama wake ndi chokoma. Koma birdwatchers chidwi tokovanie nyenyeswa izi. Imvani phokoso muffled wa Jack-snipe, akhoza kukhala mu nyengo bata ndi mitambo. Pankhaniyi, n'zosatheka kumvetsa, kumene kuimba, chifukwa sandpiper tokuet mkulu zokwawa mofulumira kwambiri. Phokoso la mbalame kusewera mu masewera mating, amatikumbutsa kunyalanyaza lapansi zimayesetsa yadzaoneni, "pamwamba-pamwamba pamwamba."

mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale chithaphwi

Mu dziko lathu, izi nthenga sizachilendo, ndipo mwina ambiri anali kumuona zikuchitika chilengedwe. Marsh Sandpiper, mosiyana ndi achibale awo, chidwi kwambiri kwa alenje, chifukwa nyama yake ali wodzala ndi kukoma zokoma.

Iwo akhoza amadziwika ndi dzina osiyana - "Ulendo Wautali", "nettigel", ndipo nthawizina amangotchedwa kuti "nkhono". Pa kukula kwa nthenga kakufanana nkhunda, koma monga mulomo wake, khosi ndi miyendo elongated, zowoneka zikuoneka kwambiri. Mtundu chikasu utoto zikuuluka. Yaikazi lalikulu ali ndi nthenga yowala. Ngakhale khosi mwamuna redder kwambiri. Ndi yozizira pa dambo mbalame kubwerera pakati pa masika. Chaka ndi chaka, iwo m'malo kwawo, koma kusintha nyumba zawo angaumirize kuyanika dziwe. Pankhaniyi, iwo akutola chithaphwi china, osati kupanga zofuna kwambiri kwa iye. Za ana amaphunzitsidwa ndi makolo onse awiri. Koma nthawi zina overprotection wawononga chisa ndi ana. Pofuna kuwopseza kutali mbalame ndi adani, mwamuna potero anapereka malo alenje. Mwatsoka, kuwerenga kuti ndidziwe za anthu kupanga ndalama anatsogolera chakuti mibadwo ya oyenda mbalamezi zimakumana anawonongedwa.