Kusindikiza kwa cornea ya diso: kufotokoza, zizindikiro, mtengo, ndemanga. Eye Microsurgery

M'dziko lamakono pali chitukuko chofulumira cha mankhwala. Zomwe akukwaniritsa zikuwonetsedwa m'magulu onse. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa njira zopaleshoni ndi zothandizira, njira zothandizira, zopezeka mwasayansi. Osati osiyana ndi ophthalmology. Pokubwera njira zamagetsi , machitidwe a maso akhala otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima kwambiri. Ubwino wa masiku ano ophthalmology ndi kuwonekera mwamsanga ndi kupweteka kwa masomphenya. Kusindikizidwa kwa khungu la diso, lomwe poyamba linkawoneka losatheka, tsopano likuchitidwa ku malo onse odziwika. Chifukwa cha keratoplasty, anthu ambiri amatha kupeza mwayi wowona dziko lozungulira.

Kuphwanya khungu la diso ndi chiyani?

Ntchitoyi ili ndi dzina la sayansi - keratoplasty. Amatchedwanso kuti cornea transplantation . Popeza chiwalo ichi cha masomphenya sichitha magazi, nthawi zambiri chimayamba mizu ndipo opaleshoniyo imakhala yopambana. Pambuyo pa keratoplasty, masomphenya ali bwino kwambiri kapena akubwezeretsedwa kwathunthu. Kawirikawiri, opaleshoni yowonongeka ya maso ndi yamba. Kutenganso mbali zowonongeka kapena thupi lonse likuchitidwa. Nthaŵi zina, zinthu zakuthupi zimaikidwa. Nthaŵi zambiri opaleshoniyi ili pansi pa anesthesia. Komabe, akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa keratoplasty pogwiritsira ntchito anesthesia. Mphamvu ya opaleshoniyo imakhala ikuwoneka nthawi zonse, ndipo zovuta pambuyo poyikanso ndizochepa. Pazifukwa izi, keratoplasty ndi njira yochiritsidwa yofunidwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi ndizifukwa zotani zomwe zimapangidwira?

Kuchita opaleshoni yowonjezera khungu la diso kumachitika pokha pazinthu zovuta. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa thupi ndi kuvulala ndi matenda opweteka. Pazochitika zonsezi, pali vuto lalikulu lowonetsa maso kapena kutaya kwathunthu kuonekera (nthawi zochepa). Nthawi zina keratoplasty imapangidwira kuti azidzola zodzoladzola. Pali zifukwa zotsatirazi zoyenera kuchita:

1. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Zomwe zimayambitsa zikhoza kukhala matenda oopsa, ndi zoopsa kwa liwalo la masomphenya.
2. Retinopathy. Awa ndi mawonekedwe omwe sali othandizira kuchipatala. Izi zikuphatikizapo dystrophic, bullous retinopathy.
3. Kuvulala kwa cornea. Chikhoza kuchitika pamene matupi achilendo alowa mu diso.
4. Mankhwala amawotcha.
5. Kupukuta kwa mpweya wosakanikirana. Kuwoneka ndi matenda monga keratoconus.
6. Zofooka zoopsa komanso zoopsa.
7. Mitsuko.
8. Kukongola kwa cornea. Kawirikawiri ndi zotsatira za njira za laser.
9. Zosakaniza zolakwika.

Contraindications kwa keratoplasty

Nthaŵi zambiri, microsurgery ya maso ndi malo amankhwala omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Kusamvana kwa ntchito pa ziwalo za masomphenya sizodziwika. Keratoplasty ikuchitika ndi aliyense amene ali ndi zofooka izi. Palibe malire a zaka za ntchitoyi. Komabe, pali zinthu zitatu zomwe keratoplasty imaletsedwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

1. Belmas pa diso lomwe liri ndi magazi. Kukhalapo kwa mitsempha ya magazi kumapangitsa opaleshoni yokhala opaleshoni yopanda mphamvu.
2. Kuphatikizidwa kwa leukoma ndi kuchulukanso kwa intraocular (glaucoma).
3. Matenda ogonjetsa, omwe mwayi wotsutsa kumtengowo ndi wapamwamba. Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda a shuga, opatsirana matenda a shuga.

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya keratoplasty ndi yotani?

Monga ntchito zambiri, keratoplasty ikhoza kuchitidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zimadalira mtundu wa kuika (donor kapena kujambula cornea), kukula kwake ndi kukula kwake kwa chilema. Keratoplasty ikhoza kukhala yopanda malire. Pachiyambi choyamba, cornea yonse imalowetsedwa. Mu gawo lachiwiri la limba, kukula kwa kuphatikiza kuli 4 mpaka 6 mm. Kuphatikizanso apo, nthawi zina rettoplasty imagwira ntchito. Zimatanthauza kutengera malo ozungulira m'dera lonselo, kupatula kachidutswa kakang'ono (1-2 mm) komwe kuli pafupi ndi nthambi. Malinga ndi kuya kwa phokosoli, kupyolera ndi kusanjikiza koyikirapo kumaperekedwa. Pachiyambi choyamba, chilemacho chimakhala ndi makulidwe onse a chiwalo. Retinoplasty yoyeretsa ikhoza kukhala yowongoka ndi yopita patsogolo (khoma lakunja kapena mkati mwa cornea lakhudzidwa). Monga thupi lothandizira, zinthu zowonjezereka, kuphatikizapo zazing'ono, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukonzekera kwapangidwe kumapangidwa mu ma laboratori apadera.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji keratoplasty?

Mankhwala opangidwa ndi maso, monga mitundu ina ya njira zothandizira, amatanthauza kukonzekera musanalowerere. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuti chithandizo cha mankhwala achikupa chikhale chochiritsira. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku matenda alionse a maso ndi maso (conjunctivitis, iridocyclitis). Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha matenda, chidziwitso chathunthu cha ziwalo za masomphenya chikuchitika. Kufufuza kwa ophthalmic, kuyesa ma laboratory (OAK, OAM, magazi a biochemistry) akuchitidwa. Ndifunikanso kudziwa zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo. Izi ndizofunika kwambiri, popeza matenda ena akhoza kutsutsana ndi ntchitoyi. Madzulo a retinoplasty m'pofunika kuyang'anira "ulamuliro wanjala".

Njira yothandizira kuika magazi

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi corneal kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono zamagetsi. Kuti muzipanga retinoplasty, chitani njira zothandizira opaleshoni komanso njira zamakono. Zaka zaposachedwapa, njira yachiwiri imaonedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa nthawi yothandizira ntchito komanso imachepetsa mavuto. Kusindikizidwa kwa khungu la diso liri ndi njira inayake ya kuphedwa. Choyamba, wodwalayo wagona pabedi ndipo amatsitsimula. Pambuyo pake, maso a maso ndi maso amakhala osapitirira (m'mphepete mwake). Chotsatira ndicho kuchotsa chiwalo chowonongeka kapena mbali yake (yochitidwa ndi laser kapena chida chochita opaleshoni). Kenaka cornea imaikidwa. Gawo lotsiriza limaphatikizapo kuyendera ziwalo, kuyesa zovuta.

Nthawi yoperekera ntchito ndi keratoplasty

Pambuyo pakugulitsira khungu la diso, wodwala ayenera kukhala woyang'anira chithandizo kwa maola angapo. Ngakhale kuti wodwalayo amamasulidwa kunyumba, amafunika kukafunsidwa ndi ophthalmologist. Komanso, pambuyo pochita opaleshoni, ndibwino kuti regimen ya diso lolunjika ipangidwe (kuchepetsa kuchepa pa chiwalo cha masomphenya). Pokonzekera opaleshoni, sutures amachotsedwa patatha miyezi ingapo (mpaka chaka). Zovuta zowopsa za keratoplasty ndi magazi, kutupa, kukanidwa kwazitsulo. M'mayeserowa, pamakhala zowawa, photophobia, kuyabwa, ndi zina zotero. Zizindikiro zonse ndizo chifukwa chopempha mofulumira kwa ophthalmologist.

Kusuntha kwa khungu la diso: ndemanga za akatswiri

Malingana ndi madokotala, retinoplasty ndi njira yabwino komanso yothandiza yobwezeretsa masomphenya. Ndikoyenera kwa odwala onse omwe alibe kutsutsana. Odwala amakhala okhutira ndi ntchitoyi. Masomphenya akupitirira zaka zambiri pambuyo poika, ndipo zovuta ndizochepa. Pakalipano, laser cornea transplant akuonedwa kuti ndi yabwino. Mtengo wa opaleshoni umadalira kusankha kwa kliniki. Amtengo wapatali ndi rubulu 50-70,000 pa diso limodzi. Posankha mphete yowonongeka, mtengowu wapitirira kawiri.