Kusintha latsopano la boma m'tauni, zifukwa kusintha wachiwiri anali kutchedwa.

Local kusintha boma kugwiridwa ndi Peter Ine, sanali amasiyana zonse ndiponso mogwira mtima. Kukhazikitsanso mizinda ndi makonsolo anabwerera m'mbuyo chifukwa akuluakulu. Zimene chifukwa cha kusintha latsopano la boma m'tauni, amene kuipa kusintha panopa iye anali kukonza, kulongosola nkhani imeneyi.

ANAKULIRA kusintha m'tawuni

Urban kusintha kasamalidwe Peter 1 adayamba bwino pamaso pa ziŵalo anakonza matupi chapakati ndi mphamvu wamkulu boma. The zifukwa kusintha anali latsopano asapita chikhalidwe mu dziko, kukula kwa dera lake ndi lakuti ntchito yatsopano mwa mphamvu wamkulu, amene zopitirizira kugwira ntchito mu zigawo.

Urban kusintha. Ulendo oyamba

The kukonzanso kwa aboma anali malinga ndi zofunikira za nthawi. Russia anayesetsa kupeza ukhale kwa Nyanja Baltic, zosowa lankhondo la dziko unakula. Akuzigawo ndi akale mitundu ya malemba boma sanathe kupereka ntchito ya ntchito ya kutolera misonkho kupeza m'madera anatha. Cholinga chachikulu chinali nsoka wa maudindo pakati zemstvoes clerks ndipo akulamulira oyamba a European zinthu ulamuliro m'tawuni. Izi zimapangitsa kuti afotokoze zimene zinabwera chifukwa cha kusintha latsopano la boma oyang'anira tauni ndi mmene azionjezera liziyenda akuluakulu. Pakuti kukonzanso uku woyamba m'tawuni unayambitsidwa mu 1699.

Mu njira ya kusintha kayendetsedwe m'tawuni anali kuyesa kusintha mzinda Russian pa chitsanzo European, kuwapatsa ufulu yomweyi kuti anatenga Western limati European ndi mabungwe mzinda. mzinda Russian anatuluka kuchokera m'zigawo subordination, ndi kasamalidwe anaperekedwa Burmistrov, amene anatsimikiza kudzera chisankho. Mu likulu, anaonekera burmistrskaya Komiti pamaso imene bailiffs ang'ono-mzinda ponena za mkhalidwe wa misonkho amatengedwa kuti mlanduwo ndi mitengo. Mu mizinda ina, amazilamulira ndi anatitumiza Zemsky chipika kwake, amene anatsogolera bailiffs Osankhidwa.

Kuipa kusintha loyamba

Zimene chifukwa cha kusintha latsopano la boma m'tauni akhoza adzaweruzidwa ndi zotsatira zokhumudwitsa kusintha choyamba. Utangoyamba dongosolo anali sanali chimaonekera ndipo insufficiently ogwira. Kugawikana a boma sikuloledwa kumanga unyolo bwino subordination. Wodzilemekeza ndi zosiyanasiyana matupi aang'ono chisokonezo. Choncho, mphamvu malamulo a Peter Ine anawonjezera kusankidwa establishments kalasi. Komanso, pamodzi ndi akuluakulu a boma, akuchita ndi yoyendetsa asilikali, amene ali ndi udindo ulamuliro pasipoti ndi mndandanda wa msonkho kafukufuku, motero kukopera ena a ntchito za akuluakulu a boma.

Kusintha latsopano la boma m'tauni umatchedwa? Kuchokera pa zimene takambiranazi, n'zotheka kupanga zifukwa zingapo:

• akadali chinalibe anasiyiratu ofukula za mphamvu;
• mphamvu zoika Ngopambana m'munda okha matupi Wosankhidwa;
• nambala kwambiri maofesi kusankidwa (bailiffs, oweruza, akuluakulu a misonkhano kalasi) akulephera ntchito ya maboma a m'mayikowo.

The chachiwiri kusintha m'tawuni

Mu 1720, ku likulu latsopano la ufumu Russian analengedwa ndi Chief zamalamulo, amene anamvera onse osankhidwa akuluakulu oyang'anira tauni.

Mu 1721 izo Analeredwa malamulo mfundo za latsopano zipangizo m'tawuni anali kuperekedwa. City anagawa ndi nambala ya anthu mu makalasi asanu akuluakulu. anthu unagawidwa "osasamba" ndi "nthawi zonse" nzika. Pakati pa nzika "osasamba" munkakhala oimira zigawo osaukitsitsa wa anthu. Olemera "zonse" nzika za maudindo kale anatsala.

Ngakhale boma kukhulupirika kwa nzika wolemera, dongosolo latsopano boma osati kutsimikiziridwa mogwira kasamalidwe liri kulamuliridwa ndi osasinthika njira asilikali malamulo a mungaithetsere kusiya kuwonjezeka centralization sanalole matupi osankhidwa kutsata ndondomeko pansi.