Kuwundana Cygnus: chiwembu. Mbiri ya kuwundana Cygnus. Nkwabwino kusunga magulu

Ngati inu muyang'ana pa bwino thambo yotentha usiku, mutu angayambe sapota ku nambala yaikulu nyenyezi. Chosefukira thambo la malo pamwambapa mitu yathu akhala anakopeka ake, nakodola zinsinsi ake. Pakuti mayiko unyinji wonse wa nyenyezi mu kuwundana wogawanika. Pamene n'kwabwino penyani aliyense wa iwo, malingana ndi malo ake. Koma ngati anauka pansi danga, zidzakhala zovuta kuzichita pali chinachake chokhala ngati chitsanzo wakumwamba bwino kuti kuyambira tili ana. Zinthu zimene zimapanga kuwundana, titero, kuthamanga n'kusiya kupanga coherent lonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuwundana aliyense - ndi ziyerekezo za mlengalenga, zomwe TACHIMATA matupi onse dziko, zomwe zili kuno ndi mfundo akuona amazionera. Ndipotu, mtunda wa pakati pawo akhoza kukhala zikwi kuwala zaka.

Mmodzi wa wotchuka zithunzi lakumwamba - kuwundana Cygnus. Galimoto mbalame zouluka zikuphatikizapo pafupifupi 150 nyenyezi, ena amene ali m'gulu la zinthu yowala kuonekera Earth. Chifukwa cha iwo, kuwundana Cygnus N'zosavuta kupeza mu mlengalenga.

kuyang'anira

Ambiri zakuthambo zofufuzafufuza ku ubwana inu mukudziwa, izo zikuwoneka ngati kuwundana wa Cygnus. Nyenyezi zomwe zimapanga izo, anafola mwa mawonekedwe chamtanda, akufanana ndi mbalame zazikulu ndi khosi elongated ndipo atatambasula mapiko awo. Silhouette amapereka yankho lomveka ku funso chifukwa otchedwa kuwundana Cygnus.

Nthawi yabwino kusunga ndi m'chilimwe. Komabe, Mbalame ya Chinsansa noticeable chaka chonse. Kuphunzira njira yosavuta kwa ambiri asterism odziwika (gulu lililonse la nyenyezi yowala) "Chilimwe Triangle". Gawo la izo ndi nyenyezi mu kuwundana Cygnus, wotchedwa Deneb. Ena awiri a pamwamba ake - Vega ndi Altair, mfundo imodzi chidwi kwambiri pa thambo usiku. Kuwundana Cygnus ana ndi makolo awo amene amakonda zakuthambo, komanso wokongola chifukwa anatambasula pamodzi Milky Way.

nkhani

Ife tikudziwa thambo mapu lero sizinkachitika kwenikweni. Mwina chifukwa pa nthawi, nyenyezi kusintha malo awo. Izi makamaka noticeable mu nkhani ya kudza kwa ife zakuthambo. Mwachitsanzo, pa malo a North Star kamodzi kalekale, zaka zoposa 17 sauzande. Zaka zapitazo, kale dzina lake pamwamba Deneb.

Chifukwa china kulakwika pakati pa mapu wakumwamba ndi zamakono za m'mbuyomu ndi kubweretsa pamodzi mu magulu a nyenyezi zosiyanasiyana. Imodzi mwa kufotokozera woyamba wa magulu a amatchedwa 275 BC. e. Izo analengedwa ndi ndakatulo Greek Aratus. Ntchito imeneyi ndiye, patatha zaka zinayi, ndikusinthidwa Ptolemy. Wake "Almagest" muli mndandanda wa 48 magulu. Mmodzi wa iwo (Argo) pambuyo pake ogaŵikana osiyana atatu (Kiel, chakudya, kupalasa, COMPASS), ndi otsala anapitiriza dzina lake mpaka pano.

Lero, akatswiri apeza 88 magulu. Tsekwe amatanthauza wakale, wotizungulira Ptolemy a. Komabe, pa nthawi imeneyo ankamutcha kuti mbalame. Mbiri ya magulu a Cygnus ndi zimaphatikizapo mabuku a zakuthambo Eudoxus wa Kinido, m'ma chachinayi BC. Mayina a nyenyezi monga mbali ya tsekwe amatikumbutsa nthawi imene ambiri a sayansi, kuphatikizapo zakuthambo, anayamba mu East, m'mayiko Arab.

Star mlatho

Nyenyezi yowala mu kuwundana Cygnus - ndi Deneb, Alpha Cygni kapena. Mu Arabic, dzina amatanthauza "mchira." Zoti mogwirizana ndi malo ake. Deneb decorates kuwundana Mbalame ya Chinsansa (chiwembu pansipa) ndi mu gawo kumene mchira wa mbalame ili. Chinthu wa supergiant woyera. Star impressiveness bwino anazindikira, ngati Tikayerekeza ndi nyale zathu. Choncho, Deneb kulemera liri makumi awiri dzuwa. Mtunda ku dziko lapansi Deneb zosiyanasiyana Akuti ali ku 1,55 kuti 2.6 zikwi. Kuwala zaka. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kuonekera mu mlengalenga, monga luminosity ake zambiri dzuwa nthawi 270 zikwi.

Monga tanenera kale, Deneb ndi mbali ya Chilimwe Triangle. Ndi nyenyezi pa mfundo ndi zogwirizana ndi nthano wokongola Chinese imene Deneb akutumikira monga mlatho pakati okonda, ankaimira kumwamba Vega ndi Altair. Malinga ndi nthano, kumachitika kamodzi pa chaka. Kuti okonda usiku yongocheza. Kenako kusiya kachiwiri kwa chaka china.

korona

Kusirira kwa Deneb mfundo kuwundana ndi Albireo tsekwe (Cygnus beta). Iwo korona mutu mbalame. Pofuna kumvetsa chimene chimaoneka kuwundana Cygnus, ndi kumene ili, suffices kupeza mfundo ziwiri yowala. Albireo monga Deneb, Tingaone ndi apoyera. Iwo amene asankha kufufuza ndi zakutali ndi adzatsegula ngakhale kokondweretsa chithunzi. Albireo - dongosolo la nyenyezi ziwiri. Ambiri a iwo Albireo A - lalanje chiphona. mnzake - buluu nyenyezi, kunena waukulu ndondomeko nyenyezi Albireo V. Dzina mu Arabic anamasuliridwa kuti "nkhuku mbalame."

Popanga madzi a gamma ndi ankadziwana Mbalame ya Chinsansa

Chapakati kuwundana mfundo ndi Sadr, kutanthauza "chifuwa". Ndi nyenyezi chachiwiri yowala. Sadr (Cygnus Popanga madzi a gamma) - supergiant zokhudza kawalidwe kalasi F8, pulsations ndi nthawi masiku 74. Ndi kulemera, ndi nthawi 12 zazikulu kuposa dzuwa.

Kumbuyo Sadr luminosity ndi Delta Cygni. Ndi awiri nyenyezi dongosolo, ili pa mtunda wa zaka 170 kuwala kwa Earth. Kusiyanitsa izo kovuta kwambiri kusiyana Albireo. Delta tichipeza nyenyezi ziwiri zimene pafupi ndithu, ndi makope nthawi ya zaka 537. Woyamba ndi buluu woyera chimphona ndi luminosity ndi apamwamba kuposa dzuwa. mnzake - lachikasu woyera nyenyezi, kupatula chidwi m'zonse.

muyezo

Epsilon Cygni kapena Jenny - mfundo yofunika osati pa mapu a mlengalenga, koma kuwerengetsera zakuthambo. Iwo lili pa mtunda wa zaka 73 kuwala kwa Earth. Kumasulira Jenny, kapena afisi, kutanthauza "phiko": dzina amapereka kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za malo ake mu kuwundana lapansi. Iye amawala nthawi 62 wowala kuposa dzuwa.

Udindo wapadera wa Jenny mu sayansi ndi sipekitiramu ake ndiye muyezo wa gulu la nyenyezi zina. Komanso, malo ichi chinthu 1846, Neptune linatsegulidwa.

mtanda kumpoto

Kuwundana Cygnus ana ndi akulu kudziwa asterism wina, wotchedwa kumpoto Cross. Iwo aumbike mwa nyenyezi zisanu anafotokoza. Pa m'munsi ndi Albireo, kunsonga ya anasankha Deneb, pakati pa asterism - Sadr, ndiponso m'mbali - Jenny ndi Delta Cygni. Ndi mfundo yowala kwambiri apanga Mbalame ya Chinsansa. Kuwundana (chithunzi chabwino kuupereka kumvetsa) sangathe kudzitama chifukwa cha kuwala kwa moto chowala zinthu zina. Kumene, nyenyezi zisanu si zochuluka chidwi ndi mbalame zakuthambo. Komabe, North Cross zimapangitsa chotero otchuka kuwundana Cygnus. Kodi kupeza izo, samasankha n'komwe: asterism amadziwika kuti pafupifupi aliyense.

Other "anthu"

Wina chinthu chidwi ndi kuwundana 61. Cygni, ndi bayinare nyenyezi dongosolo. Amakhala ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono awiri lalanje. Monga dongosolo Albireo kuonekera Lapansi ndipo amapezeka phunzirolo. wapadera ake ndi chakuti 61 Cygni ndi imodzi mwa nyenyezi pafupi ndi Dzuwa (kutalikirana nyenyezi wathu 11,36 kuwala zaka). Komanso, ali ndi chidwi moyenera zoyenda ndipo wokwatibwa ndi ochepa zinthu zofanana kuonekera Earth. 61 Cygni ndi kuyamika wotchuka kwa zakuthambo zinakhalapo pakati pa maganizo atumwi wotsiriza zokhudza kukhala dongosolo lawo m'mapulaneti. deta watsopano kuchokera siligwirizana ndi kungoganizira, koma nyenyezi akupitiriza cholinga asayansi ambiri.

chinthu china chidwi kwambiri - ndi dzenje wakuda Cygnus X-1, wapafupi 61 Cygni. Ichi ndi yowala X-ray gwero mu kuwundana lapansi. Cygnus X-1 inatchulidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri: chimodzi mwa izo - yowala nyenyezi buluu, ena - mwamuna kuwerengedwa zakuthambo. Cheza ukapezeka chifukwa misa kutengerapo nyenyezi buluu mu dzenje wakuda. Pa gululi ndi mkangano kutentha yaikulu kukula ndi mbali kwake panamveka mu mlengalenga mwa mawonekedwe a Jets awiri anatilangizira osiyana mbali chinthu. Udindo wa dzenje wakuda Cygnus X-1 anali mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo.

Nebula

nyenyezi si zinthu kokha mu kuwundana Cygnus. Galimoto mulinso chigawo mdima amatchedwa "Kumpoto Malasha Sack." Ilo lili pafupi kwambiri kwa Way yathu ili interstellar mtambo wa fumbi ndi gasi. Pali zingapo nebulae. The zinthu zovuta malo amatchedwa Chophimba kapena Network (NGC 6960 ndi NGC 6992), - zotsatira bingu zaka 40,000 zapitazo, kuphulika supernova. M'mphepete kumadzulo kwa Chophimba Nebula Mfiti ndi tsache ndi chidwi ndi kukongola kwa mafano anagwidwa ndi thandizo wa telesikopu.

Nyenyezi yowala mu kuwundana Cygnus, Deneb, monyadira moyandikana awiri nebulae: (NGC 7000) North America ndi vuwo (IC 5070). Choyamba mawonekedwe ake kwambiri ngati Africa eponymous. Pamodzi ndi vuwo Nebula iwo kuwonjezera pa 50 kuwala zaka. Padziko Lapansi angawone ndi apoyera, malinga amatsata adzakhala m'dera ndi kutali mzinda kapena kuunikira yokumba. Iwo amaoneka ngati yaing'ono sawona bwinobwino malo mu kumpoto, kum'mawa kwa nyenyezi yowala lomwe lili ndi tsekwe. Kuwundana amene chithunzi ndi nebulae zonse zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kuti muwonekere chilichonse, anatchuka osati kwa nyenyezi yake yowala ndi loyandikana zinthu zina danga. Choncho, chifaniziro cha mbalame wolemekezeka, ndi mbiri za maonekedwe a kuwundana potengera mu nthano zakale.

Orpheus ndi azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala

Tsekwe - ndi ngwazi za nthano zambiri ndi nkhani. Onse mu wathu ndi osalambira, mbalame unali chizindikiro cha kukongola, chiyero cha moyo ndi luso. Ena nthano kumuuza za mmene panali kuwundana Cygnus kumwamba. Bakuman, ana koma kutsogolera mu mabuku mbiriyakale ya sekondale amagwirizana ndi wakale Greek woimba Orpheus. Malinga ndi iye, ati adzabwerere kwa akufa wokondedwa Eurydice, iye waphwanya lamulo kwa kutembenuka pamene ndimabwerera ndi otayika muyaya n'zotheka kugwirizanitsa ndi wokondedwa wake. Chisoni, anakhala zaka zingapo akungoyendayenda dziko, pamene okhulupirikabe Eurydice ndipo osalola ndekha atsikana ena, zomwe ankatchedwa misogynist a. Kamodzi pa mtsinje chizindikiro anakumana ndi gulu la Bacchantes, admirers ya Diyonisiyo. Atamva Orpheus, iwo anali wokwiya kwambiri ndipo mkangowo, akuponyera woimba azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala ndipo mutu wake m'madzi. Milungu ya Olympus anali sanyalanyaza ngwazi, ine kutama iwo ndi talente awo. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina linayamba, moyo wa Orpheus ndi azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala wake adakweza kumwamba. Kotero apo kuwundana Lear ndi tsekwe, kufupi ndi mzake.

phaeton

Pali nthano angapo kuti afotokoze chifukwa chake ife tikhoza tsopano tikambirane kuwundana wa Cygnus. Bakuman limatiuza za mwana wa Helios, mulungu wa dzuwa, ndi Phaeton. Imfa, iye ankafuna kutsimikizira anachokera ndipo anapempha bambo ake akhale kuyendetsa galeta dzuwa kudutsa mlengalenga. Helios anavomera. Chathu Phaethon sanathe kulimbana ndi akavalo otentha ndi magaleta anagwa kuchokera ku mtsinje. Pa nthaka, akhala yaitali anafuna Cycnus, bwenzi odzipereka. milungu, powona monga chisoni, anatembenuka mu tsekwe. Mu amati izi anakhala pafupi madzi. Pofuna zimalimbikitsa ubwenzi disinterested, Zeus anaika kumwamba kuwundana wa Cygnus. Bakuman, likulu la ndilo khalidwe dzina lake Cycnus, zopezeka mu yofanana ena. dzina lake mu Greek amatanthauza "tsekwe."

Mitundu ya chiyambi ndi imfa ya Cycnus

Hero, kenako inasanduka mbalame mfulu, mu nthano zosiyanasiyana anali mwana wa mulungu. Adabadwa Apollo, Cycnus nakufwa pa nyanja, limene otchedwa Kikneyskim. Monga mwana wa Poseidon ndi Kalika anapeza mu masamba a nthano za Trojan nkhondo. Malinga ndi nthano anaphedwa ndi Achilles, ndipo bambo ake anapambutsa Cycnus mu tsekwe. Baibulo chachitatu cha nkhani kuti makolo ake anali Ares, mulungu wa nkhondo, ndipo Pelops. nthanoyi akuuza luso kwambiri kusamalira Cycnus galeta. Iye ankakonda kuyitana mpikisano alendo onse kuyendera nyumba. Chigonjetso anakhalabe zonse Cycnus kwa nthawi yaitali Goliyati sanatero Hercules. Iye kuposa mwana wa Ares ndiwobvulazidwa nkhondo mulungu. zinthu anali kuthandizapo, Zeus. Chifukwa, Cycnus anasanduka tsekwe.

mtanda

Kenako nyengo wodzazidwa tanthauzo lake kuwundana wa Cygnus. Galimoto pa mapu m'ma XVII ndipo kenako zambiri m'malo mwa chifaniziro cha anamupachika Khristu. Osati ntchito osachepera mu chizindikiritso uyu wachita ndi bwino amalembedwa kumpoto Cross asterism Earth. Mosagwirizana ndi kupachikidwa zinachitika mu zolemba kale. Mu lonena za St. Gregory wa ku Tours, analembedwa 592 chaka, ikulongosola za Grand Cross ndi umboni wa mtima wake kwa kuwundana wa Cygnus. Malinga ndi oyera, kuti inali pakati pa makalata Alefa ndi Omega, "analemba" nyenyezi Delphine ndi Lyra motero. zizindikiro izi limagwirizana ndi ikuchokera pa Bukhu la Chivumbulutso, Khristu woukitsidwayo amadzitchula Alpha ndi Omega, chiyambi ndi mapeto.

N'zochititsa chidwi chifanizo cha mtanda kachiwiri amatanthauza Orpheus. Malinga ndi akatswiri, Christian Aroma pachiyambi cha chikhulupiriro chatsopano anabwereka chizindikiro cha Mulungu wopachikidwa kwa Amitundu, kotero chosonyeza Orpheus. kopanda Izi kachiwiri ulusi umodzi zikugwirizana kuwundana Cygnus, nkhani za woimba ndi nthano m'Baibulo.

danga nyenyezi ndi kukwapula kukongola ndi zonse kukopa osati maganizo komanso maganizo a anthu akale amakakamizidwa bwino kufunsira kufotokoza chifukwa cha ukulu uwu wonse. Kuwundana Cygnus - chitsanzo momveka bwino mmene kufuna kumvetsa malo kufikako ntchito njira luso pofotokoza ndakatulo ndi nthano. Si maganizo anauyamba nthano zakale ndi nthano, ife sindikanadziwa za iwo, ndi theka la zimene masiku ano.

Anthu masiku ano n'zoperewera choti kumvetsa zimene zimapangitsa mawanga ambiri owala wa kumwamba usiku. Pakuti kuwerengetsera okhwima sayansi Tingaone loto kumvetsa chinsinsi cha chilengedwe, kuti kuphunzira malamulo ake ndi kumvetsa mwachilengedwe cha kulephera ikugwirizana ndi maganizo a anthu a neohvatnost yake yonse. Zithunzi Hubble komanso "anzake" amasonyeza bwanji pafupi ndi choonadi anali alakatuli wakale m'lingaliro kukongola, anatambasula pa mitu yathu. Poganizira zithunzi, n'zosavuta amakhulupirira kuti mwa ulemerero wothwanima wa nyenyezi ndi nebulae akanati ankanyansidwa kukhala milungu ina.