Self-kubalana - ziri ... kudziletsa kubalana wa zamoyo

Luso kubereka yokha ndi chizindikiro cha zamoyo. Mu chikhalidwe, pali njira zingapo za kubereka, kuonetsetsa kupitiriza kwa mibadwo pa dziko.

Self-kubalana wa zamoyo

Popanda ndondomeko kubalana wa zamoyo akanati unatha. Koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndicho ndondomekoyi. Kufala kwa nkhani pa mbali zonse za dongosolo akhazikitsidwa mu nkhani chibadwa cha zamoyo, lili kudziletsa kubalana. Ichi chiri chikhalidwe zofunika kwambiri kuti kuli moyo. Ndipotu, ngati thupi latsopano adzakhala mbali zina, mwachidule sadzapulumuka mapangidwe zina ndi kuwonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani: nsomba amabadwa ndi mapapo m'malo makutu. Zingapo mibadwo ya nyama zimenezi watembereredwa. Iwo alibe nthawi kuti azolowere chilengedwe m'madzi ndi kuwonongeka. Koma izi zimachokeradi m'chilengedwe chifukwa kukhalapo njira zingapo kubalana.

agamobium

Self-kubalana maselo angayambe popanda nkhani ya gametes. Zomera, izo ikuchitika mwa ziwalo vegetative. Ambiri bowa, Moss, horsetails, Mumapezekanso ndi ndere kupanga spores - maselo a asexual kubalana. Ena zamoyo pa thupi ndipamene protrusion, amene kukula ndi kupita kwa nthawi adziwonetsa latsopano chamoyo. Taganizirani njira izi kuswana mwatsatanetsatane.

sporulation

Self-kubalana wa zamoyo mothandizidwa ndi mkangano kwa nthawi yoyamba angapezeke mu zomera ambiri wosazindikira - algae. Mwachitsanzo, spores unicellular Chlamydomonas, kusiya maselo a chamoyo akuchikazi, kuwonjezera kunja ndipo mofulumira kukula kwake. Kale sabata imodzi juveniles amatha kupanga maselo a asexual kubalana. Zimenezi mobwerezabwereza nthawi zambiri.

Apamwamba spore zomera mu mkombero wa chitukuko alternated m'badwo kugonana ndi asexual. Kusamvana amakuonani ziwalo wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, iwo anapatsidwa bokosi la Moss pa tsinde, mkati amene ali asexual selo. Tanthauzo la ndondomeko izi kuti spore aumbike chifanizo cha lake akuchikazi.

cloning

Tsinde, masamba ndi mizu - ulamuliro ndi amene anagwiritsanso kudziletsa kubalana. Ndi mbali vegetative wa mbewu. Akamanena za ndondomeko imeneyi chagona pa kukonzanso mbali kusowa kwa thupi. Mwachitsanzo, tsamba petioles violets pamaso pa madzi kutentha, ndi cheza dzuwa muzu womera.

Wood leafy zomera zambiri zimafalitsidwa mwa mapesi - gawo la mphukira ya kutalika ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo akhoza kukhalapo mu njira zosiyana moyo. Choncho pansi mphesa, currants, gooseberries. Chofunika kwambiri, ndi petioles anali yotheka impso.

Ntchito kubalana ndi kusinthidwa ziwalo vegetative. Mbatata tubers, sitiroberi masharubu, tulip mababu, rhizomes wa kakombo wa mzigwa - izi ndi zitsanzo za zomera ndi mphukira losandulizika. Kusinthidwa wa muzu, umene ntchito kubalana vegetative, ndi muzu tuber. Dahlias ndi mbatata kuchulukitsa pogwiritsa ntchito izo.

gemmation

Self-kugawanika - ndondomeko ya kulenga mtundu wawo. njira inanso imene izi zimachitika amatchedwa budding. Choncho kuchulukitsa yisiti madzi oyera hydra, scyphoids tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Nthawi zambiri, impso, amene anapanga pa thupi la mayi, izo lamamatira ku nayamba moyo paokha. Koma alibe ngale zimachitika. Monga miyala chifukwa anapanga akalumikidzidwa zapamwamba.

Mitundu ya ndondomeko kugonana

Zobereka kubalana chikuchitika ndi nawo gametes - maselo ubereki. Mitundu ambiri wosazindikira ya kubereka ndi conjugation ndi parthenogenesis. Woyamba zotere kutengedwa ngati chitsanzo ciliate-nsapato. mlatho cytoplasmic aumbike pakati pa maselo a zamoyo, imene nzeru zigawo za nkhani majini ali mamolekyulu ndi DNA.

Parthenogenesis ndi wosadziletsa kugawanika. Izi njira ya chitukuko cha latsopano chamoyo dzira unfertilized. Kuli parthenogenesis monga njira kubalana ali mkulu kwambiri tanthauzo kwachilengedwenso. Ndipotu, zinthu angakhalepo kusowa kwa munthu wamwamuna nthawi yaitali. Ndiyeno kuli mitundu kuti pangozi. Ndipo maonekedwe a anthu wamkazi maselo ubereki popanda ndondomeko umuna, zochimwazo kumathetsa vutoli.

Mu angiosperms apamwamba ziwalo zobereka ndi maluwa. zinchito mbali yake yaikulu - stamens ndi pistil - muli gametes: umuna ndi mazira, motero. Umuna ndondomeko kwenikweni patsogolo kubereketsa zomera - kulanda mungu kuchokera stamen kuti manyazi a. Izi zachitika ndi mphepo, tizilombo kapena anthu. maselo Komanso nyongolosi pa confluence mawonekedwe nyongolosi ndi michere yopuma - endosperm. Pamodzi kupanga mbewu, amenenso thupi la kubereka.

Nyama, gametes zili zopangitsa kuti, kusewera njira deducing. Malinga ndi mtundu dongosolo ubereki wabwino wa nyumba ali dioecious ndi ziwaloziwiri - zamoyo imene onse mawonekedwe ndi wamkazi, ndi maselo chiwalo chachimuna. Izi zili choncho makamaka nyama parasitic amene anadyetsedwa mwini ndipo alibe m'mimba zawo dongosolo, tikukhala mu ducts wa matumbo ake.

Kutanthauza kudzimvera kugawanika

Self-kubalana - ndi kuteteza moyo wake. Luso kukula, limodzi ndi chakudya, kupuma, kukula ndi chitukuko, ndi chizindikiro cha zamoyo. Palinso oimira dziko organic, umene ndondomeko ndi wapadera. Awa ndi mavairasi - osakhala ma zamoyo. Iwo wapangidwa mamolekyulu mkati asidi (DNA kapena RNA) ndi chipolopolo mapuloteni. Ndi kapangidwe oterowo luso kubereka ndi Zimatheka ndondomeko kudziwa za thupi zamoyo. Ozama mu khamu, iwo amayamba kutulutsa mwini mkati asidi ake ndi mapuloteni. Njira imeneyi kubalana amatchedwa kudzikonda msonkhano. Pankhaniyi, njira zofanana ndi zizikhala gulu lake. HIV kumayambira kuti zilamulire. Akatero amayamba chimfine, nsungu, encephalitis ndi matenda ena ndi zidakwa ofanana. Aphedwa particles tizilombo kudzera kanthu kwa maselo colorless magazi - leukocytes. Ndipo analanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuwawononga.

Choncho, kwanilitse kuti zibalane oimira onse maufumu a chilengedwe. Ndi ndondomeko kuswana n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa ndiyo kupitiriza kwa mibadwo ndi kuonetsetsa moyo padziko lapansi.