Zipululu, mahatchi, mafern: mapangidwe, kusiyana. Kodi munthu amagwiritsa ntchito bwanji horsetails, mosses ndi ferns?

Zipululu, mahatchi, mafern akuimira gulu la zomera zoyamba zapadziko lapansi. Ngakhale kuti iwo anawuka zaka zoposa 400 miliyoni zapitazo, zomera izi zalandira kulandira kokwanira m'masiku ano. Mapangidwe a zigwa, mahatchi ndi mahatchi, mbali za ntchito yawo yofunika komanso zofunikira za chilengedwe zidzakambidwa m'nkhani yathu.

Tulukani zomera kuti mupite

Pali chiphunzitso chakuti zamoyo zonse, kuphatikizapo zomera, zimachokera kumadzi. Yoyamba mwa izi inali algae. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chilengedwe chasintha kwambiri, ndipo algae adayenera kusinthasintha kwa nyengo ya chilala. Zotsatira zake, zinapanga zomera zoyamba zapadziko lapansi. Ngakhale mu sukulu ya sukulu ya botani, ferns, horsetails, ndi plaunas (kalasi ya 6) amaonedwa ngati mbadwa pamtunda.

Gulu lowonongeka la zomera zoyamba zapadziko lapansi ndi omwe amaimira a rhinophyte department. Mphukira zawo zinalibe masamba ndi zong'onoting'ono. Ndipo mmalo mwa mizu ya rhyniophyte inali ndi rhizoids, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gawo lapansi.

Zilonda, mahatchi, mafern - zomera zowonjezereka kwambiri

Zomera zamakono zamakono zimakhala ndi zovuta komanso zovuta kwambiri. Zilonda, mahatchi, mafern, monga onse oimira gulu ili lokonzekera, amapangidwa ndi zida zenizeni. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo, zinakhala zotheka kuti zomera zimere pa nthaka youma. Zopangira maonekedwe: mizu ndi kuwombera. Ichi ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zomera za m'munsi, zomwe zimakhala ndi maselo osadziwika.

Kuberekera kwa zamoyozi kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi maselo a kubereka kwa asexual - spore. Kulowa m'nthaka, zimamera.

Lingaliro la kusintha kwa moyo

Mitengo yonse yapamwamba ya spore ili ndi zovuta zamoyo. Iyi ndi nthawi pakati pa magawo awiri ofanana a chitukuko. Ndi iye amene amatsimikizira kupitiriza kwa moyo wa mitundu ina ya zamoyo. Mu njira ya moyo wa zomera za spore pali kusintha kwa mibadwo - kugonana ndi abambo. Nthawi zina amasiyana ndi maonekedwe awo.

Chomera chomwe chimapangidwa ndi spores ndi m'badwo wopanda chiwerewere. Ndilo makamaka mu mosses. Kuchokera pa mkangano kumakula munthu wa chiwerewere - gametophyte. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa zigwa, mahatchi ndi ferns ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Tiyeni tikambirane deta iliyonse ya zomera zapamwamba za spore mwatsatanetsatane.

Dipatimenti ya Chigwa chapala

Izi ndi zomera zobiriwira za herbaceous zikukula m'malo amadzi. Nthaŵi zambiri amakhala osatha. Zitsamba zimakhala zokwera, zomwe zimapangidwira nthambi. Pamwamba pa masamba ang'onoang'ono atsekedwa.

Mzuwu umapangidwa ndi mizu yowonjezera yomwe ikukwera molunjika kuchokera ku zimayambira. Pamalo a mphukira ndi mamba, omwe amasinthidwa masamba. Ndiwo ziwalo za kubereka kwa asexual - sporangia.

Zizindikiro za mawonekedwe a horsetail

Mitundu yamakono ya akavalo imakhalanso zomera zotsalira. Mbali yawo yodziwika ndi kupatukana koyera kwa mphukira ku malo omwe masamba omwe ali ngati dzino ali nawo. Pamunsi iwo amawombera, kupanga mamimba achilendo. Pa nodes pali maselo a minofu yophunzitsira, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa mahatchi akukwera. Chiwalo chobisala cha horsetails ndi rhizome, komanso chinagawanika kukhala internodes. Ntchito ya photosynthesis mu zomerazi imachitidwa ndi tsinde la ribbed. Mkati mwake mumakhala mitsempha yambiri yamadzi ndi mpweya.

Mahatchi otchedwa Sporophyte amawombera omwe amawoneka ngati aang'ono a mapini. Gametophyte ilipo mosiyana ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe a masamba obiriwira. Imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya dipatimenti iyi - munda wa horsetail - ili ndi mitundu iwiri ya mphukira. Choyamba chimatchedwa kasupe, sichitha kupanga photosynthesis ndipo chimatenga sporiferous spikelets. Chilimwe, chobiriwira, vegetative.

Zomwe zimadziwika ndi fern-ngati

Kodi kusiyana kwa ferns ndi horsetails ndi kotani? Yankho ndi lodziwika bwino. Dipatimentiyi ndi yambiri komanso yosiyanasiyana, ndipo oimira masiku ano ali ndi zovuta kwambiri poyerekeza ndi horsetails ndi plaunas. Mitundu 10,000 yomwe imakula pa nthawi yake, pali udzu, tchire, ndi mitengo.

Gulu la equisporous ferns limaimiridwa ndi anthu okhala m'madzi - ndi salvina akuyandama ndi martilia anayi. Amakhala omasuka pamtunda wa madzi ndi pang'ono. Kumadera otentha, madzi otentha a m'nyanja amapezeka ambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Rasposporovye ferns amakula m'nkhalango zamdima. Awo omwe amaimira amodzi ndi Mphungu Yodziwika, Nkhumba za Amuna, Kochetnik Wamkazi ndi mitundu ina.

Ponena za zomera zoterezi, nthano yodabwitsa imapezeka kuti maluwa a maluwa a Uvan Kupala adzapatsidwa mphatso yodabwitsa - idzamvetsetsa chiyankhulo cha zamoyo zonse. Komabe, kuyambira pakuwona biology, izi sizingatheke. Mitengo yapamwamba yamtundu, kuphatikizapo ferns, siimapanga maluwa ndi zipatso.

Momwe munthu amagwiritsira ntchito mahatchi, massels ndi ferns

Zomera zam'mlengalenga zakutali zakhala zikugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali ndi moyo waumunthu. Mafamu ndi mbali ya malo ambiri omwe amamera, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo okongoletsa komanso ngati mankhwala. Koma gawo lofunika kwambiri la zomera izi m'chilengedwe ndilo kupanga mapangidwe amtengo wapatali - malasha.

Kalekale, spore onse anali mitengo yayikulu. Atamwalira, mitengo yawo ikuluikulu yomwe ili pansi pa zochitika za kusowa kwa mpweya ndi kupsyinjika kwakukulu kwa zigawo za dziko lapansi zinasanduka malasha.

Monga munthu amagwiritsa ntchito mahatchi, abambo ndi abambo, amatha kuganiza mozama pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha mankhwala. Zonsezi ndizothandiza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, munda wa horsetail uli ndi hemostatic ndi diuretic effect. Mmodzi wa oimira dipatimenti ya lycopodium - wamba wamba - amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera uchidakwa.

Spores ya zomera izi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala a pyrotechnic. M'makampani ogulitsa mankhwala, ziweto zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku mapiritsi a mapepala ndikupanga mwana ufa.

Chofunika kwambiri cha zomera zapamwamba za spore zimakhalabe popanga malasha. Kuyambira kale, mchere umenewu ndi gwero lamtengo wapatali, chifukwa umapangitsa kutentha kwakukulu kutentha. Ndalama zamagetsi zamayiko ambiri zakhazikitsidwa bwino pazomwezi.

Choncho, ziweto, mahatchi, ma ferns amaimira gulu la zomera zowonjezereka, zomwe zimaimiridwa ndi zamoyo zakale. Ndiwo oyamba kubwera kudziko, zomwe zinakhala zotheka chifukwa cha maonekedwe ena apamwamba: mawonekedwe ndi ziwalo.