Kuyenda panyanja Amerigo Vespucci: mwachidule mbiri, umayenda, atulukira

Ife tonse tikudziwa kuti anatulukira America ndi Hristofor Kolumb, koma ndiye chifukwa chake unatchedwa Amerigo Vespucci? Mwachidule yonena za kuyenda panyanja wotchuka uyu ndi wofufuza chingatithandize kulongosolerana akamanena za nkhaniyi. Ndipo ngakhale woyamba ku America anapita Columbus, Vespucci analengeza padziko lonse kuti mayiko kumene anapeza ndi kumtunda.

magwero

Malo Amerigo Vespucci ndi Florence, pamene iye anabadwa pa March 9, 1454 bambo ake ankagwira ntchito odziwitsa, anapanga amaonetsetsa kuti mwana wake analandira maphunziro oyenera. Little Amerigo anaphunzira kunyumba ndi kwenikweni anaphunzira zaumunthu. Komanso, motsogoleredwa ndi amalume ake, anaphunzira Latin, malo ndi kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi zakuthambo. Mu ubwana wake, iye analowa University of Pisa, ndipo kuyambira 1478 wayamba ntchito. Amerigo Vespucci, kanthawi mbiri yomwe sulingana yekha ulendo ndiponso kutulukira, poyamba ankagwira ntchito ngati mlembi wa wina wa amalume ake, amene anali kazembe wa Florence ku Paris. Kenako, wofufuza wotchuka kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito mu gawo ndalama.

Mu 1490 anasamukira ku Spain ndipo anapitiriza ntchito. Pali akukonza maulendo m'madzi, imodzi kuphunzira zonse za zombo, komanso akufotokozera navigation. Mu 1492, iye anapita kwa utumiki panyanja mwachindunji ku Spain. Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, akupitiriza kuchita kukonzekera kuyenda panyanja, koma nthawi iyi zokuzira kunja maulendowa wa Hristofora Kolumba, zomwe, mwa zinthu zina, iwo anali abwenzi.

Maulendowa choyamba (1499-1500 biennium).

Mu 1499 kukaona wofufuza Alonso Ojeda mu South Atlantic akulowa yekha Amerigo Vespucci. Ata- pa ulendo, werengani za izo. Vespucci panokha ndalama zolipirira chovala zombo ziwiri chomwe pambuyo adzalamula, ndi kupalasa monga kuyenda panyanja ndi. M'chaka cha chaka ulendo, wopangidwa mwa zombo atatu, pafupi kugombe la kumpoto kwa America South, kenako Amerigo Vespucci anatumiza zombo zawo kum'mwera-kum'mawa. July 2 anatha kupeza ankadziwana wa Amazon. Kafukufuku atagonjetsa makilomita 100 kumtunda kwa ngalawa, kenako anabwerera ndipo anapitiriza yopita ku kum'mwera chakum'mawa.

Ndiye Amerigo Vespucci anaphunzira za 1200 kukafika kumpoto kugombe Africa, anatumiza zipangizo zawo ku mbali n'zosiyana ndi August agwidwa galimoto Alonso Ojeda pafupifupi 66 mamita meridian wa longitude. Pamodzi oyendetsa adathimiza kutewera kumadzulo Anakaligawa makilomita oposa zikwi za South America. iwo anapezanso angapo peninsulas zilumba Magombe ndi mathamandawa. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha Vespucci ndi Ojeda kachiwiri wogawanika, kenako anapitiriza kuphunzira loyamba gombe kumtunda, kusambira 300 Km kulowera kum'mwera kumadzulo. Ku Ulaya, anabwerera mu June 1500

Maulendowa chachiwiri (1501-1502 biennium).

Mu 1501 wofufuza Amerigo Vespucci anaitanidwa ndi Mfumu ya Portugal kwa utumiki monga zakuthambo, kuyenda panyanja ndi mbiri yakale. Mu chaka chomwecho ulendo lina bungwe, amene anali wotsogozedwa ndi Gonçalo Coelho. zombo atatu ku Ulaya m'ma August ndipo anapita kugombe la kum'mawa kwa America South.

Kenako, kutsatira amalinyero anapitiriza kum'mwera, njira ya Msipanishi Roldán Bortolome, akuyandama pano mu 1500 January 1, 1502, iwo anatsegula Bay wa Rio de Janeiro (lero Guanabara) ndi cholinga kupeza m'litali, anasambira 2,000 kuchokera m'mphepete koma ndipo sanathe kupeza m'mbali. Anaganiza kutembenukira zombo ku yemweyo la ngalawa atatu a ulendo mbapita ziyambe kukonzedwa, kotero kuti apaulendo n'kuwawotcha. Sitima yoyamba anafika ku Portugal mu June chaka chomwecho, ndi Vespucci ndi Coelho, ndi pa ngalawa chachiwiri, anabwerera yekha mu September.

Maulendowa chachitatu (1503-1504 biennium).

Patangotha chaka chimodzi ndi ulendo watsopano unapangidwa bungwe ndi Portugal, omwe anali nawo Amerigo Vespucci. Mwachidule yonena za wofufuza ayenera ali ndi mawu a ulendo. mtsogoleri ulendo kachiwiri yoikidwiratu Gonçalo Coelho, koma nthawi iyi zombo asanu anali kitted m'nyanja. Mu August 1503 amalinyero anapeza pakati pa nyanja ya Atlantic Ascension Island, kufupi ndi kumene kenako anamiza sitima wina, koma atatu kwathunthu mbisoweka ina osadziwika. Zombo otsala walunjika America South n'kukakhala Bay a woyera mtima onse, kumene Vespucci kuti gombe tidakocheza gulu la ofufuza amene walowerera mpaka 250 Km kumtunda.

Apa, apaulendo anali anachedwa ndi miyezi monga mmene asanu. Mu malo awa iwo anamanga zombo, kenako, kusiya oyendetsa 24 kumtunda, maulendowa anapita mu njira zosiyana. Party komanso anamizidwa mu ngalawa zipika za mtengo wa sandalwood wapatali pa mayiko kumene anapeza. Mu June 1504 oyendetsa anabwerera ku Spain. Paulendo uwu Amerigo Vespucci inatha.

Kodi ndi chiyani America unatchedwa Amerigo Vespucci

The adventurer kufufuza mokwanira mkulu m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku South America, ku amati zimenezi Umutu ndi kuyanika Africa. M'lingaliro, zinali Amerigo Vespucci anapeza America. Mu kalata anatumiza kwa iwo Florence mu 1503, anaika nkhani ya dziko lotseguka kwa iwo, kuganiza kuti mwina alibe poyerekezera Africa Asian, monga udzu patali kum'mwera. Komabe, iye ananena kuti madera awa ndi anthu, ndipo lilinso kudziwa kumene anapeza Africa la Dziko Latsopano.

Mu 1507, mapu Martin Waldseemüller anafunsidwa kuti atchule kumene anapeza Africa la America - pambuyo wofufuza wotchuka Amerigo Vespucci. Kuyambira nthawi kuti dzina limeneli limapezeka pa mapu onse ndi atlases. Ngakhale wofufuza anapita yekha America South, North amatchedwanso polemekeza Amerigo Vespucci. Ata- kwenikweni? More pa izi angapezeke m'makalata ake ndi zolemba, ife tikhoza kuwonjezera kuti iye safuna zambiri za udindo wake Kupezeka kwa Africa ndi zosatheka chinathandiza anangotchula pambuyo yekha.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake wofufuza

Mu 1505 Vespucci kukonzanso akulowa utumiki wa mfumu ya Spain, osati popanda thandizo Hristofora Kolumba. Iye amalandira nzika ya Castile ndi 1508 anaikidwa mmodzi wowongolera mkulu wa ufumu. positi A unachitikira kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, kutenga mbali mu zida za mishoni latsopano ndi kulota kupalasa. Koma sanathe kukwaniritsa zolinga Amerigo Vespucci. Mwachidule yonena za munthu umatha February 22, 1512 - tsiku anafa mu Seville, kumene ankakhala zaka zingapo zapitazi.