Mbiri ya boma Russian inayambira kalekale. Ndipo kumeneko tidafika ku kulankhula mawu athu ambiri. Chifukwa lero tiyenera kukumbukira mfumu ya nandolo, Trishka caftan wake, "onse Ivanovo". Ndipo apa pali mawu okuluwika wina Komabe, pang'ono pokha monga ntchito tsopano, koma kwambiri, chidwi kwambiri.
Khama la mawu
Izi akuti - "zaka ngoletsedwa". Kodi kumvetsa okamba ano mbadwa? Ponena akutali zapitazi. m'ma 16, mu ulamuliro wa Ivana Groznogo. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi, panali "zaka ngoletsedwa". Mu mu 1581 KWAMBIRI amachita kalembera. Pa dzanja limodzi, iye chimalimbikitsa ndi kufunitsitsa mphamvu zawo likuvutika olemekezeka okhulupirika kulimbikitsa, kupereka chuma m'mayiko awo kotero m'midzi ndi Amaya. Pa zina - mu 70-80-ntchentche utachepa kwambiri chuma ku Russia. Ndi lowopsya opani mmene kuwonongeka. Ndi pamene boma tsarist, malinga ndi malangizo ake, ndi kuyamba kukhazikitsa zaka woletsedwa. Izi si wina alimi lamulo kutali ndi khamu mwininyumba wina ndi mzake. Malinga Sudebnik 1497, pambuyo pa mapeto a ntchito m'munda, mu Tsiku la St. George (26 November), alimi akhoza amachoka pa ambuye makamaka zoipa kwa wina, zambiri uweme. Lamulo "zaka ngoletsedwa" mosatsata iwo kuti zimenezi zingathe. Kuyambira Ivan mu ukapolo wa anthu anapitiriza Fyodor Ivanovich, boma mu zaka 1592-93 yolekanitsa wamba kuchokera m'midzi yawo. Mwa njira, pa maziko a chochitika ndinabadwa ndi mawu akuti: "Tengani, Agogo aakazi, ndi Tsiku St. George"
etymology
Choncho, chaka zosavomerezeka cha kubwera kwa chaka kutetezedwa - 1581. Official -. 1592. Dzina la mfundo kugwirizana ndi mawu akuti "lamulo", kutanthauza "lamulo", "pangano," "mankhwala", "kuphedwa mokakamizidwa" N'zochititsa chidwi kuti olemba mbiri yakale sindinapeza mu mbiri, makalata ndi zikalata zina za chi Ivana Groznogo anasankha malemba za "zaka ngoletsedwa" - zaka anthu a kumidzi, wosafunika otchuka, anasankhidwa mwayi kupita kumudzi wina kapena mzinda. Akatswiri kokhaku ponena za malamulo achifumu. Koma chifukwa iwo amakhulupirira kuti oyamba nduna ya zaka kutetezedwa amagwirizana ndi zaka za m'ma 16 - kuchokera zaka 1592-93? Ndipo onse chifukwa pambuyo pa tsikulo sanapeze ngakhale mawu onena za lamulo.
Kulimbikitsa serfdom
Kuti kenako izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Choyamba, chifukwa cha "mabuku mlembi," ie. E. The kalembera, panali zambiri kapena zochepa mwatsatanetsatane, momveka chithunzi osauka a ku boma. Izi zachititsa kuti abwezeretse dongosolo mu dziko, komanso wafunsira phindu la ang'onoang'ono boma. Alimi anali tsopano mungathe kunena kuti ndi malo okhazikika okhala malinga ndi zimene timaphunzira, ndipo ngati munthu anathawa Mwenechiroache mundu, zinali zovuta kudziwa kuti mwiniwake anali ndani. Choncho mwalamulo anakhazikitsa eni apamwamba a serfs, panali yodalirika kukonza wamba ambuye. Pomaliza, malamulo kutetezedwa zaka akhala ambiri amavomereza. Ndipo zosiyana pang'ono ndi pang'ono atalowa anaiwalika, otsalira okha monga fano, mawu otchuka. Ndipo tsopano, amaona ponena za chinachake wakale, wa akale, monga zosemphana wa lero.