Ndani anatsegula India? Search History ndi njira lowoneka kuti East

Pamaso tikukamba za amene anatsegula India ayenera kumvetsa chifukwa chake azungu ambiri anayamba kufunsa mafunso kupeza njira zatsopano dziko lino lakutali. Chifukwa chachikulu chinali kuti Mongolia anagonjetsa mmodzimmodzi pafupifupi onse mfundo zofunika pa za silika Road. Mugone malonda a wolakika sanali patsogolo, ndiye kumapeto kwa zaka 13. malonda ndi China ndi India ndi zambiri zovuta kwa Europe. Iwo ankapita ndi amalonda Arab amene anapindula izi momwe iwo angathere.

Zoyesayesa oyamba kupeza njira ina India

Chikadzangotha Saint-Jean d'eka - pa phata lomaliza East wa Europe - anagwa mu Genoa anayamba kukonzekeretsa kukaona kupeza njira nyanja ku India. Pa galleys awiri wodzazidwa ndi chakudya, madzi ndi zinthu zina zofunika, ife tapita Vivaldi abale. Mu ndondomekoyi, poyamba iwo ankayenera kuti afike ku Ceuta (Morocco), ndipo kuchokera pamenepo mutu nyanja kuti apeze dziko Indian ndi kugula izo ankasirira katundu wofunika. Palibe umboni wodalirika kusonyeza ngati Oyendetsa anakwanitsa kufika kugombe la India. Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 14. pa makadi kuonekere ndondomeko n'ngolondoladi ya ku Afrika, kutanthauza kuti adakhoza osachepera kuzungulira Africa kum'mwera otentha.

Wotchuka ulendo wa Vasco da Gama

Akatswiri ena adakali anatchula abale Vivaldi amene anatsegula India. Komabe, deta boma sindikugwirizana ndi mawu awa, pamene Vasco da Gama imatengedwa kuti ndi anatulukira yekha wa njira nyanja ku East.

Mwa zaka zana pambuyo pa ulendo wa Vivaldi Spain ndi Portugal anatumiza zombo akutiakuti, koma palibe apaulendo anali siziyenda bwino. M'chaka cha 1497 pa dongosolo la yekha anakwera wachifumu Chipwitikizi wa Manuel Ine flotilla wina Ndinali wokonzeka kupeza njira India. Lamulo la zombo zinayi mfumu analangiza Commander Vasco da Gama - kulemba ndi wochenjera munthu, wodziwa zokhota yachifumu, limene, mogwirizana ndi Manuel Ine, komanso zotheka adzatha kulimbana ndi ntchito zopatsidwa kwa iye. Ndipo iye sanali cholakwika, chifukwa ndi Vasco da Gama tsopano kudziwika kwa ife ndi amene anatsegula India.

Kukonzekera maulendowa kuchokera pachiyambi mpaka kunyamuka inatsogolera Bartolomeu días - munthu amene 1488, ngakhale atapeza njira nyanja ku India, koma moti kwambiri Africa, omwe analandira dzanja lake kuwala dzina la Cape a Mphepo Yamkuntho (kenako anadzatchedwa ndi Cape of Good Hope ).

Experience wabweza días kunapezeka kuti kwambiri nkhaniyi. Makamaka anathandiza kupanga zombo latsopano kuyenda, chifukwa, mu maganizo ake, mwachizolowezi caravel m'gulu si oyenera ngati kusambira lalikulu.

kukonzekera Final anamalizidwa, ndipo pa July 8 1497, maulendowa wa Vasco da Gama anasamukira ku njira lakutali. 170 yabwino Chipwitikizi m'sitimayo anasonkhana pa matabwa a zombo zinayi. Ambiri chiyambi Ulendowu unali bwino kusambira días. Ziwiya zonse zili ndi bwino nthawi panyanja zida pa kutaya gulu panali mapu molondola kwambiri. Mu magawo koyamba días limodzi zombo, ndi kale pafupi ndi Cape Verde Islands anatsika pagombe.

ulendo Vasco da Gama a anakakamizika kupanga kupatutsidwa kwa msewu waukulu kuti kuzungulira Mzere wa utatha mu Gulf wa Guinea. Khirisimasi 1497 ulendo wakumana pamene inkayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja kum'mawa kwa Africa. Pa nthawi ya sitima 4 pali atatu okha: chimodzi Amira pafupi ndi ku Cape of Good Hope. Magalimoto loyenda kumpoto kwambiri angaletsedwe chakumadzulo otaya, koma chifukwa kusambira kunali kovuta.

Komabe, March 2, 1498 maulendowa bwinobwino anafika Mozambique. Pano, iwo amene anatsegula kenako India anatenga zinachitika m'malo zosasangalatsa ndi mtsogoleri wa m'deralo. Ngakhale kuti ndalama akonzekeretse maulendowa, Apwitikizi sanadandaule, ndi mphatso, iwo miscalculated. Motero, m'malo kusintha kugona ndi Mozambican Sultan, ku Ulaya kwambiri kukula iwo ndi anakakamizika kusiya posachedwapa ku malo amenewa.

Kenako ulendo pogona da Gama opezeka Mombassa, koma ngakhale pali anthu kuyembekezera kulandiridwa osati ofunda. Ndipo okha ku doko lachitatu, wotchedwa Malindi, timu anali wokhoza kuti asangalale odzidalira. Bwanamkubwa m'deralo anachita Chipwitikizi komanso zotheka, ndi ngakhale svol da Gama ndi Ahmed Ibn Majid - kuyenda panyanja zabwino. Ibn Majid adatsatana kukaona ku kokafikira.

Aulemerero chochitika - kutsegula kwa India - zinachitika May 20, 1498. Zinali ndiye kuti zombo anafika ku doko Calicut. Komabe, ubale ndi Chipwitikizi kalonga ndi Muslim amalonda a m'dzikoli komanso kusanduka njira yabwino. zachipolowe amakakamizidwa da Gama tchuthi doko, osati ngakhale kudikiranso mphepo bwino.

Komabe, cholinga choyambirira ndipo kunatha, ndi Vasco da Gama anali mu mbiri ya anthu amene anatsegula njira ya India mwa nyanja.