Leningrad dera, anthu: anthu, ntchito ndi zizindikiro zaziwerengero

Chiwerengero zizindikiro - mmodzi wa i zofunika kwambiri poona bwino m'madera. Choncho, asayansi chikhalidwe ndi kuyang'anira mosamala manambala ndi mphamvu anthu osati dziko lonse, komanso ena a m'madera ake. Taganizirani zimene anthu a m'derali Leningrad, momwe icho chimasintha ndipo kodi waukulu zaziwerengero mavuto m'chigawochi.

Geography a dera Leningrad

Derali lili kumpoto cha kumadzulo la Russia. M'dera la dera ndi pafupifupi 84 zikwi makilomita lalikulu. Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, izo tithe 39 mu dziko. Dera lili pa East European Plain, palibe mapiri, koma ambiri matupi osiyana madzi. Dera amatenga 9 mitsinje, pali 13 nyanja mwachilungamo lalikulu, gawo wodwala dziko chinyontho ndi bwino yosayenera kwa miyoyo ya anthu. Location pafupi katundu wambiri chifukwa cha nyengo Atlantic-chokhala ndi kotentha ndipo nyengo yotenthayi ozizira m'deralo chaka onse akugwa kwambiri mvula. nyengo amenewa ndi bwino abwino ulimi. Izi zinathandiza kuti mfundo yakuti mu mbiri yake dera la bwino litadzala ndi anthu. Dera lili midzi ochepa lalikulu. mzinda wa dera Leningrad, amene anthu kuposa chithunzi cha chikwi 50, kodi kuziwerenga pa dzanja limodzi: pali 7 okha.

Mbiri ya Leningrad Region kuthetsa

Woyamba magalimoto ambiri pa gawo la masiku Leningrad Region zapakati pa Mesolithic. M'nthawi ya Zakachikwi BC m'munda, amene lero amatchedwa dera Leningrad, anthu amayamba kukhala ndi moyo wongokhala. Anthu a kuswana ng'ombe, nyama, kusonkhana, anali oimira mafuko Finno-Ugric. Mu 6 m'ma AD pa gawo kudza Asilavo, amene anadzakhala pamodzi ndi mitsinje Luga, Oredezh ndi pafupi nyanja. Koma bola ngati ndi kuthetsa anali zosamveka kwambiri. Ndi chitukuko cha Novgorod State kuchuluka kwa anthu tsogolo la Leningrad dera limakula. Pali anamanga malinga ndi zankhanza a mafuko a kumpoto. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 15, m'mayiko amenewa linalanda ufumu Moscow, koma kenako amayamba kulamulira mwadongosolo. Part masamba chifukwa cha zochita asilikali Sweden, ndi Asilavo anawonjezera kusamuka lalikulu Scandinavians. M'zaka za m'ma 18, atabwerako m'mayiko Russian, Peter ukuyamba likulu latsopano pano, zikubweretsa funde mu kubera anthu atsopano ochokera konsekonse dera la Russian Ufumu kuchoka kwa asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda ambiri ndi ana awo. Kenako, mu dera Leningrad pafupifupi kunalibe zinthu zofunika kwambiri okhudza Kusamuka kwa anthu, kupatula kupita kwa anthu Chifinishi mu 1929 ndi inalowa la dziko Karelian. Nkhondo yachiwiri itatha, mayiko amenewa zikukangalika akupangidwa midzi latsopano, chiwerengero cha anthu ukuwonjezeka.

Administrative-Kupititsa gulu la Region Leningrad

Pamaso zitasintha, pa dera la Leningrad dera ano linaikidwa zigawo zisanu: St. Petersburg, Pskov, Cherepovets, Murmansk ndi Novgorod. Kenako Kupititsa magawano dongosolo amaloŵamo kusintha zosiyanasiyana. Mu Soviet Union padali allocated m'maboma 17 Mizinda 19 subordination dera. Popeza 2006, inayambitsa atsopano awiri, gawo dongosolo la magulu loyang'anira la Russia. Mu umodzi Leningrad dera Borough mizinda yambiri ndi 17 olekanitsidwa 61 mzinda 138 nakhala. Pa nthawi yomweyo St. Petersburg chigawo ndi akuwayang'anira boma ndipo ngakhale kugwirizana ake organic ndi malo alipo m'lingaliro ntchitoyi popanda izo. Choncho, ayenera kuonedwa anthu a m'dera ndi anthu St. Petersburg.

Leningrad dera lonse mbiri yake, ankayenera kudutsamo kusintha zambiri za utsogoleri magawano. Panali mayunitsi latsopano, zinatha, nthawi zinachitika renaming. dera Leningrad, anthu anazolowera chakuti nthawi zina kusintha adiresi yawo.

Total anthu

Mbiri ya kuzipenya chiwerengero cha anthu mu Russia ayamba mu nthawi ya nkhondo Mongol. Komabe, nkhani osiyana pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo dera Leningrad, anaonekera panthawi Union. Chifukwa chakuti dera kangapo pa zaka mphamvu Soviet anasintha malire ake, kanjedza mwapadera zolondola pa chiwerengero cha anthu kumeneko. Masiku ano, chonse cha anthu a Region Leningrad ndi anthu 1,778,890 (malinga ndi ziwerengero kwa 2016).

Mphamvu ndi osalimba anthu

Popeza 1926, pokhala ziwerengero ndi wokhazikika pa mphamvu anthu mu USSR. Kwa zaka chiwerengero cha anthu anasintha mobwerezabwereza. Poyambirira, inali 2.8 miliyoni, 28 chaka, chithunzi ichi wauka (chifukwa cha inalowa la Karelia ndi Leningrad) miliyoni 6. Ndipo mu 1959 anagwa zikuchepa kwa 1.2 miliyoni mogwirizana ndi zomvetsa asilikali komanso kuwonongedwa kwa dera Leningrad. Mu Soviet Union, Leningrad dera, kumene anthu unakula likunena, anasonyeza kanjedza kukula bwino - pafupifupi okhala 1000 pa chaka. Mu nyengo ya kukonzanso, komanso m'dziko lonselo, khalidwe lomwe zoipa unkachitika m'chigawochi. Izo zinali kokha mu 2010, chiwerengero pang'onopang'ono anayamba kukula. The kachulukidwe anthu m'chigawo Leningrad pa nthawiyo anthu 21,2 pa kilometre lalikulu. Izi 45 malo mu Russia kwa 85 zotheka. The kachulukidwe apamwamba zimawonedwa mu St. Petersburg mzinda, kum'mawa nkhani za anthu ochepa.

mtundu zikuchokera

Pamaziko a "mtundu" wa dera Leningrad yangosanthulidwa yekha kuyambira 1959. Panthawi imeneyi, dera anali kale Russified kwathunthu, nthawi zosiyanasiyana kwambiri mtundu apita. Pafupifupi nthawi Soviet mwa anthu a m'dera anali pafupifupi 90% ya anthu Russian. Mu 2000s, ndi chithunzi ichi utachepa pang'ono - kwa 86%, mwina chifukwa kudzagwira ntchito anthu a ku Central Asia. Nambala chiwiri kwa yaikulu ndi Chiyukireniya - 1.8%, lachitatu - Belarusians (padziko 1%), Kenako magulu a magulu osiyanasiyana: Chitata, Chiameniya, Uzbeks Azerbaijanis Finns, etc ...

Polo zaka lachitsanzo

Leningrad dera, amene anthu amene ntchito ili pafupi makhalidwe ofanana m'madera ena, monga anthu msinkhu ndi kugonana magawo akunena za mtundu wa ukalamba. chiwerengero cha anthu osakwanitsa zaka ntchito ndi 16%, ndi anthu a msinkhu wogwira ntchito - za 23%. Chifukwa chakuti mlingo kubadwa alibe kuphimba kusiyana kumeneku, tikhoza kunena kuti ziyembekezo kwa rejuvenation ya anthu akadali wofooka kwambiri. Kugonana yogawa m'dera Leningrad komanso zambiri chikugwirizana ndi mumaganiza kudutsa dziko. chiwerengero cha akazi kuposa chiwerengero cha amuna pafupifupi ndi 1.2. Ambiri mwa akuluakulu okwatira (55%), ndi akazi amasiye ndi 5 zina zazikulu kuposa amuna amasiye. Ulimi komanso wamkulu mwa akazi kusiyana ndi amuna.

chiwerengero

Chonde - zofunika kwambiri zaziwerengero chizindikiro, lomwe limasonyeza mlingo wa chitukuko m'chigawochi. Social Protection wa dera Leningrad - nkhani tsiku. Komiti zogwirizana ananena kuti kuyambira 2011 mlingo kubadwa m'madera awo ikukula, ngakhale mlingo ochepa pafupifupi 2 pa 1,000 anthu. Koma, malinga ndi Zoneneratu wa akatswiri, mlingo kubadwa adzakhala kuchepa pang'ono mu zaka kudza.

The chachiwiri chofunika kwambiri chithunzi - mlingo imfa. Kwa zaka zingapo cha m'ma 21 m'dera Leningrad amalembedwa kuchepetsa imfa. Koma mu 2014 anayamba kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha imfa, ndipo kuyembekezeredwa kuti kukuchititsa zimenezi zidzapitirira zaka 5. Motero, pali m'dera Leningrad ndi kuchepa chibadwidwe anthu, za 5 anthu iliyonse anthu zikwi. Ataliatali kukula zisakuyenda chawonjezeka, akatswiri dziwani kuti abwera zambiri akazi a msinkhu wobereka kuti amapereka chiyembekezo chimene adzasintha posakhalitsa ndi chonde. Magwero waukulu wa osamukawo - Ukraine, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova. Akatswiri kulosera kuchepa pang'ono chiwerengero cha alendo chifukwa mavuto msika ntchito.

Moyo amayembekezeka - wachitatu wofunika kwambiri muyezo kwa umoyo wa m'deralo. Monga zinthu kuima naye nkhani ankaona la Chitaganya cha Russia? Avereji ya moyo amayembekezeka mu Region Leningrad ndi zaka 70,2: akazi amakhala zaka 75, amuna - zaka 64.

deta onsewa amanena kuti dera Leningrad, komwe anthu ali okalamba pang'onopang'ono zikugwirizanira kachitidwe chonse Russian. Region simungakhoze kupita ku mtundu zipatso Kukhala, ndipo pali ambiri zifukwa umoyo ndi zachuma.

kufalitsidwa kwa anthu

Masiku ano, anthu ambiri a m'deralo Leningrad amakhala m'mizinda. Malinga ndi deta ya Statistics, mzinda lili ndi anthu anthu 1.142.400, ndi kumidzi - anthu 636,5 zikwi. Mbali yaikulu ya anthu zikukhazikitsa pafupi St. Petersburg, kumene mungapeze ntchito bwino ndalama zambiri. midzi anthu m'chigawo ndi mfundo Russian, makamaka wamfupi. M'dera Leningrad m'mizinda yonse 31, ndi anthu anthu oposa 10 sauzande, ndi komwe oposa 100 zikwi anthu akhala m'kaundula.

ntchito

Malinga ndi ntchito zodzitetezera pa umoyo wake, mu 2016 ntchito ya Region Leningrad umachitika mu chimango cha ziwerengero zonse Russian, koma pali kusiyana. Ulova ndi 4.6 peresenti, lomwe ndi pang'ono poyerekeza ndi dziko. Pali maulosi fanizo ili posachedwapa an'dzamuka 5.1% chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma mu dziko.

Ntchito dongosolo ili: 21% ya anthu ntchito mu kupanga, malonda ali 11% ya m'derali, 9% zomangamanga ndi zoyendera 8% - pa maphunziro, ndipo 7% mu zaumoyo komanso ulimi. Ambiri, kapangidwe ka ntchito limafanana ndi pafupifupi kwa akalozera Russian, koma dera ndi underdeveloped alendo makampani, amene kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha ntchito.