Literature m'zaka 19 mu Russia, nthumwi za mayendedwe mabuku

Literature m'zaka 19 mu Russia amagwirizana ndi maluwa mofulumira chikhalidwe. Cholimbikitsa ndiponso zofunika njira zakale zikugwirizananso ntchito wachisavundi wa olemba ndi ndakatulo. Nkhani ili laperekedwa kwa anthu a Golden Age mabuku Russian ndi malangizo waukulu wa nthawi ino.

zochitika m'mbiri

Literature m'zaka 19 mu Russia wakhala spawned maina kwambiri monga Baratynsky, bambo, Zhukovsky, Lermontov, Fet, chinenero, Tiutchev. Ndipo pamwamba pa zonse, Pushkin. Near zochitika m'mbiri zinali zodzaza nthawi imeneyi. Pa chitukuko cha prose Russian ndi ndakatulo ankatsatira ndiponso dziko lawo Nkhondo ya 1812, ndi imfa ya Napoleon kwambiri, ndi kukonzanso moyo wa Byron. English ndakatulo, komanso mkulu French, akhala wogwidwa maganizo a anthu chosintha wotsimikiza Russia. Kupanduka wa Decembrists ndi Chirasha Turkey nkhondo, komanso kumatikumbutsabe wa French kuukira boma, kugawira m'madera onse a Europe - zochitika zonsezi chimasandulika mphamvu chothandizira maganizo abwino kulenga.

Ngakhale ku mayiko a azungu ikuchitika kayendedwe chosintha anayamba kutuluka ndi mzimu wa ufulu ndi azimai Russia analimbitsa mphamvu zake monarchical, akanangopha Decembrists ndi kupondereza kugalukira. Iwo sakanakhoza kukhala opanda chidwi cha akatswiri a zojambulajambula, olemba ndi ndakatulo. Mabuku m'zaka za m'ma 19 mu Russia - kuonetseredwa kwa maganizo ndi nkhani ya strata zapamwamba za anthu.

classicism

Motsogozedwa ndi zokongoletsa kumvetsa kalembedwe luso lomwe unachokera mu Europe, chikhalidwe mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVIII. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa izo - rationalism ndi kugwilizana ndi malamulo okhwima. Ndikaonekere kwa mitundu akale ndi mfundo za Anthu atatu osiyana ndi classicism za m'ma 19 ku Russia. Literature Koma kalembedwe imeneyi luso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma anayamba m'malo awo. Classicism pang'onopang'ono m'malo mayendedwe monga sentimentalism, romanticism.

Master mawu akuti luso anayamba kulenga ntchito zawo mu Mitundu latsopano. Iwo anakhala ntchito otchuka mu kalembedwe buku mbiri, nkhani zachikondi, ballad, ode, ndakatulo, malo okongola, ndi akatswiri chikondi nyimbo.

Kuzindikira

Literature m'zaka 19 mu Russia makamaka za dzina la Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Pafupi kuti mmasate pa ntchito yake udindo amphamvu wotanganidwa zimathandizadi prose. Kuyenera ananena kuti anayambitsa gulu limeneli mabuku Russia chikutchedwa Pushkin.

Utolankhani ndi Zotengera

Ena mbali ya chikhalidwe Loona za m'ma 18 analandira mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma 19 ku Russia. Mwachidule, mungamvetse mbali yaikulu ya ndakatulo ndi prose wa nthawi ino - satirical ndi journalistic. Ankangokhalira kusonyeza makhalidwe a anthu ndi zofooka za anthu anaona ntchito za olemba amene analenga ntchito zawo mu makumi anai a. Motsutsa zolembalemba patapita anatsimikiza azimuth zolembalemba, kubweretsa pamodzi Olemba satirical ndi journalistic prose. "Natural sukulu" - linali dzina la kalembedwe imeneyi luso, amenenso Komabe, amatchedwa "sukulu ya Gogol." nthumwi za gulu limeneli zolembalemba - Nekrasov, Dal, Herzen, Turgenev.

kutsutsa

Mfundo ya "sukulu zachilengedwe" anali wotsutsa Belinsky. Otsutsiratu ndi kuthetsa makhalidwe akhala mfundo za oimira gulu limeneli zolembalemba. Mbali khalidwe ntchito zawo zina. Major Mitundu - nkhani, buku chikhalidwe ndi maganizo ndi nkhani chikhalidwe.

Literature m'zaka 19 mu Russia wakhala kusanduka mchikakamizo cha ntchito za mayanjano zosiyanasiyana. Zinali kotala zoyambirira za m'ma imeneyi, panali nyamuka kwambiri m'munda journalistic. A amadza yaikulu ndondomeko mabuku ali Belinsky. Mwamuna ameneyu anali ndi nzeru zapadera kumva mphatso ndakatulo. Iye anali woyamba kuzindikira talente imodzi ya Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky.

Pushkin ndi Gogol

Literature 19-20 m'ma Russia adzakhala yosiyana, ndipo ndithu yowala popanda olemba awiriwa. Iwo anali akuthandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha prose. Ndipo zinthu zambiri zimene iwo anadzetsa mabuku, anakhala malamulo odziwika. Pushkin ndi Gogol osati anayamba malangizo monga Kuzindikira, komanso analenga mtundu masitayilo atsopano luso. Mmodzi wa iwo - chifaniziro cha "munthu pang'ono", chomwe pambuyo wakhala anayamba osati ntchito za olemba Russian, komanso m'mabuku yachilendo, ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi zaka makumi awiri.

Lermontov

ndakatulo umenewu kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha mabuku Russian. Ndipotu, ndi chilengedwe cha chinthu chotero monga "ngwazi za nthawi." Ndi dzanja lake kuwala, anthu osati mabuku, komanso moyo pagulu. Lermontov komanso nawo citukuko ca mtundu wanyimbo wa buku maganizo.

Nthawi yonse kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, maina wotchuka umunthu luso lalikulu, amene ankagwira ntchito ku munda wa mabuku (onse prose ndi ndakatulo). Russian olemba m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mochedwa, panatenga nyota za ena amzathu Western. Koma chifukwa kulumpha lakuthwa mu chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi luso mabuku Russian chakale chifukwa inasanduka dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa kuposa ndiye Ulaya. Ntchito ya Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoevsky ndi Gogol anakhala mbali ya chikhalidwe dziko. Ntchito za olemba Russian akhala chitsanzo, limene anadalira pambuyo German, British ndi olemba American.