Zigawo za Africa: boma ndi mzinda

Mu Black M'dziko ili m'mayiko 60, kuphatikizapo boma yosadziwika ndi odzitcha okha. Africa zigawo amasiyana mzake ndi muyezo ambiri chikhalidwe, chuma, zaziwerengero, etc. Ndi angati a iwo onse chionekera kumtunda ..? Mayiko a iwo?

Features makrorayonirovaniya Africa: zigawo African

Aliyense dziko African ndi wapadera ndi chosiyana. Komabe, makhalidwe ena ofala pakati limati awa (achilengedwe, mbiri yakale, ndi zachuma) kulola geographers kugawa Africa mu zigawo zingapo zazikulu. A okwana asanu, malinga ndi gulu muyezo UN.

Madera onse a Africa zili m'munsimu:

• North;
• Central kapena otentha;
• South;
• West;
• Africa East.

Aliyense wa awa zazikulu-zigawo chimakwirira mayiko mu gawo zogwirizana m'dzikoli. Choncho, mtsogoleri chiwerengero cha limati ndi dera West. Ndipo ambiri a iwo akhoza kudzitama mwayi m'nyanja. Koma North ndi South Africa ndi madera yaikulu ya m'dera kumtunda.

Ambiri mwa dziko kum'mawa zisakuyenda kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwambiri GDP pa munthu wa anthu. Poyankha, chigawo chapakati cha Africa kuganizira thambo ake osauka ndipo ambiri m'mbuyo mwa mawu zachuma ndi sayansi boma la dziko.

Tikumbukenso kuti si zonse alipo magawidwe chiwembu bungwe la United Nations. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza ena ndi apaulendo anamasulidwa dera lino monga Africa South-East. Pamafunikanso okwana limati zinayi: Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique ndi Zimbabwe.

Kenako tiona mwatsatanetsatane ndi kufotokoza Madera onse a Africa, kusonyeza m'mayiko awo aakulu ndi mizinda.

Africa North

Dera chimakwirira asanu ndi mayiko odzilamulira ndi wina pang'ono anazindikira: Tunisia, Sudan, Morocco, Libya, Western Sahara (SADR), Egypt ndi Algeria. Africa North, kuwonjezera, mulinso m'magawo angapo kunja wachokera ku Spain ndi Portugal. Mayiko m'chigawo madera ndi lalikulu.

Pafupifupi onse limati North Africa ndi kubwereketsa lonse nyanja ya Mediterranean. Zimenezi anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko, kutanthauza mwachilungamo pafupi zikulumikizana zachuma ndi Europe. Koma ambiri m'maderawa ali anaikira mu yopapatiza mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, komanso mu mtsinje wa Nile. Red Sea amatsuka kugombe la limati awiri m'dera tikulankhula za Sudan ndi Egypt. Pa mapu a Africa North, mayiko kutenga kwambiri kum'mawa malo.

Avereji pa munthu GDP m'chigawo si monga mkulu. Komabe, monga IMF Zoneneratu, iwo kokha kuonjezera posachedwapa. Dziko wosaukitsitsa zazikulu-zigawo ndi Sudan, ndi ambiri olemera - mafuta yotulutsa limati, Libya, Tunisia ndi Algeria.

Africa North yosiyana mokwanira anayamba (by mfundo African) mu ulimi. Apa kukula zipatso, nkhuyu, azitona ndi nzimbe. Dera ndi otchuka pakati apaulendo. Mayiko monga Egypt, Tunisia ndi Morocco, kukaona chaka ambiri alendo padziko lonse.

m'mizinda ikuluikulu: Casablanca, Tunis, Tripoli, Cairo, Alexandria.

Algeria ndi Egypt pa mapu a Africa: Chidwi Mfundo

Egypt - boma, mkati limene pali mmodzi wa chitukuko yakale kwambiri padziko lonse. Dziko la mapiramidi mwachinsinsi, chuma chobisika ndi nthano. Ndi mtsogoleri mtheradi lonse Mdima n'kupita kwa kukula kwa gawo zamasewela-zokopa alendo. Egypt chaka anapita ayi alendo osachepera 10 miliyoni.

Osati aliyense akudziwa kuti dziko lino ndi imodzi mwa ambiri olemera mu Chile. Apa mwachangu migodi ndiponso pokonza wa mafuta, mafuta, chitsulo ndi manganese miyala, golide, malasha, ndi zina zotero. D. Mu gawo mafakitale bwino ukugwira ntchito mankhwala, simenti ndi nsalu mafakitale.

Palibe boma zochepa chidwi mu Africa North ndi Algeria. dziko lino ndi yaikulu pa kukula m'dzikoli. Modabwitsa, udindo aulemu anapata yekha mu 2011, pambuyo kugwa Sudan. Kuwonjezera nkhani imeneyi, Algeria ndi ena mfundo zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, kodi mukudziwa kuti:

• pafupifupi 80% ya gawo lawo wotanganidwa ndi m'chipululu cha Algeria;
• mmodzi wa nyanja m'dziko lino zodabwitsa wodzazidwa ndi inki chenicheni;
• mu chikhalidwe pali asanu ndi awiri UNESCO World Heritage malo;
• Algeria Palibe "McDonald" ndiponso mpingo Orthodox;
• mowa chogulitsidwa yekha mu masitolo apadera.

Komanso, Algeria amakhudza apaulendo zosiyanasiyana mitunda zachilengedwe. Apa mutha kuona zonse: m'mapiri ndi nkhalango zowirira, ndi zipululu otentha ndi ozizira nyanja.

Africa West

Izi dera African amachita monga mtsogoleri mtheradi mu chiwerengero cha limati palokha. Pali 16. pano: Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, Sierra Leone ndi Togo.

Mayiko ambiri a m'chigawo - mayiko underdeveloped ndi GDP otsika. Ena mwaiwala zimene mndandanda angatchedwe Nigeria. The Zoneneratu IMF m'derali ndi akumane: zizindikiro za pa munthu GDP posachedwapa sadzakhala kukula.

Pafupifupi 60% ya anthu Africa West amagwira ntchito pa ulimi. Apa lalikulu lonse zokolola koko ufa, matabwa, kanjedza mafuta. makampani opanga bwino anayamba yekha mu Nigeria.

The mavuto chachikulu cha m'dera ayenera zotsatirazi:

• chitukuko ofooka wa zoyendera gululi;
• umphawi ndi umbuli;
• kuchuluka kwa mikangano chinenero ndi hotspots.

Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri m'chigawo: Dakar, Freetown, Abidjan, Accra, Lagos, Abuja, Mali.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa - m'mayiko eyiti amasiyana zayamba kukula (Chad, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, ndi chilumba cha Sao Tome ndi Príncipe). Dziko wosaukitsitsa dera ndi Democratic Republic of the Congo ndi GDP otsika kwambiri $ 330 pa munthu.

The zazikulu-chuma chimakhala chogwidwa ndi ulimi ndi migodi, mayiko otsala tinatengera kwa nthawi ya atsamunda. Apa mgodi wa golide, cobalt, mkuwa, mafuta ndi diamondi. Economy wa Central Africa wakhala ndi kukhala yaiwisi.

Pamaso pa vuto kwambiri m'dera mawanga otentha ndi mikangano nthawi asilikali.

Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri m'chigawo: Douala, N'Djamena, Libreville, Kinshasa, Bangui.

Africa East

Dera chimakwirira m'mayiko khumi palokha (Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, dziko ndi dzina lokongola la Rwanda ndi utangoyamba Sudan South), komanso ena mwa dongosolo yosadziwika boma komanso madera yozungulira.

Africa East - chigawo ndi mayiko wamng'ono, m'mbuyo chuma ndi predominance ulimi monocultural. M'mayiko ena, ndi kuberana kwazaluso wotukuka (Somalia), si zachilendo ndipo nkhondo (onse mkati ndi pakati pa maiko oyandikana). Ena amanenera, amamudziwa anayamba makampani alendo. Makamaka mu Kenya kapena alendo Uganda abwere kudzandichezera m'deralo zinyama ndi kupeza kuthengo chikhalidwe cha Africa.

Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri m'chigawo: Juba, Addis Ababa, Mogadishu, Nairobi, Kampala.

South Africa

Last zazikulu-zigawo Africa likuphatikizapo mayiko 10: Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, komanso mizinda iwiri (Lesotho ndipo Swaziland). Pakuti dera lino komanso nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Madagascar ndi Seychelles.

M'mayiko Southern African amasiyana mzake mawu a chitukuko ndi GDP kanjedza. Boma ambiri anayamba mawu zachuma, dera ndi South Africa. South Africa - ndi chidwi dziko lomwe lili atatu chabe matauni mzinda.

Amamudziwa anayamba zokopa alendo m'mayiko ena a m'dera (makamaka South Africa, Botswana ndi Seychelles). Swaziland kwachititsa ambiri apaulendo bwino anasunga chikhalidwe ndi miyambo zokongola.

Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri m'chigawo: Luanda, Lusaka, Windhoek, Maputo, Pretoria, Durban, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth.

Pomaliza

Mayiko onse African ali apachiyambi, chidwi kwambiri ndi zambiri zosiyana Chrixitu. Komabe, geographers akadali anatha gulu malinga ndi mbiri, komanso umoyo ndi zachuma chikhalidwe muyezo, kusonyeza asanu zazikulu-zigawo: North, West, Central, East ndi South Africa.