Mabakiteriya ozungulira (ulusi, micrococci, diplococci): kapangidwe, kukula, sayenda

Mosakayikira, mabakiteriya ndi zolengedwa wamkulu padziko lapansi. Iwo nawo pa uliwonse siteji ya vuto la nkhani m'chilengedwe. Kwa zaka mabilioni a moyo wake mabakiteriya anayamba kulamulira njira monga nayonso mphamvu, chimbudzi, mineralization, chimbudzi ndi zina zotero. Small, sangaoneke asilikali diso kulikonse. Iwo amakhala pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana pa khungu ndipo ngakhale mkati thupi lathu. Kuti timvetsetse zosiyanasiyana awo, zingatenge moyo kuposa wina. Ndipo komabe, yesetsani kuti anene mitundu waukulu tizilombo moganizira zamoyo ozungulira zokhala ndi selo imodzi.

Ufumu wa bakiteriya, kapenanso zomwe kuphunzira tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso

Wildlife lagawidwa maufumu 5 lalikulu. Mmodzi wa iwo - malo a mabakiteriya. Pali subkingdoms awiri ogwirizana monga mabakiteriya ndi buluu wobiriwira algae. Asayansi nthawi zambiri zinkakambidwa zamoyo izi ndi Monera, kumene kumasonyeza deta kubalana ndondomeko tating'ono, langokhala 'kupsinja ", kuti kugawanikana.

Ufumu wa mabakiteriya nawo mu phunziro tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso. Asayansi umenewu dongosolo la zinthu zamoyo wa ufumu, kuonanso bwino kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe, kuphunzira sayansi, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, kwa zamoyo ndi udindo topezeka a dziko.

Kapangidwe ambiri maselo bakiteriya

Uliwonse lalikulu mabakiteriya ndi dongosolo makamaka. Iwo alibe phata atazungulira Kakhungu kuti akhoza kuwasiyanitsa cytoplasm lapansi. zamoyo amatchedwa prokaryotes. mabakiteriya ambiri amacheza ndi Kakhungu mucous ya kapisozi, amene amapereka kukana kuti phagocytosis. Mbali lapadera oimira ufumu amatha kubereka pa mphindi 20-30.

maselo bakiteriya akhale ndi akalumikidzidwa osiyana pamaziko a gulu lawo limene:

1. Mabakiteriya cocci (ozungulira).
2. Ndodo woboola pakati (Bacillus mabakiteriya).
3. Zopotoka ndi yokhota kumapeto mabakiteriya (vibrio ndi spirilla).
4. Unyolo mabakiteriya (Streptococcus).
5. Acinar mawonekedwe (staphylococci).

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane bakiteriya ali ozungulira, ndi dzina wamba cocci.

Ozungulira (cocci): mwachidule mabakiteriya

Mawu akuti ulusi anabwera tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso ku Latin. Mtengo wake - "ozungulira" "ozungulira". Ngakhale kuti pali Baibulo amanena kuti Chigiriki ndi kufunika kwake - "mbewu". Ndipo kwenikweni, ndipo mu mulandu wina, dzina umalimbikitsa kunja maonekedwe a bakiteriya a. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mabakiteriya ndi ozungulira anamaliza mawonekedwe. Nthawi zina selo mwina elongated ndi kupanga kuyandikira chowulungika, ena zamoyo ndi pang'ono flattened laterally. mabakiteriya onse a mtundu umenewu immobile ndipo sangathe sporulation. The awiri avareji cocci - 0.5-1.5 microns.

mabakiteriya ozungulira moyo m'nthaka, mu mlengalenga, pa mankhwala. Akulowa mu chilengedwe yabwino, selo akuyamba mwachangu kuswana ndondomeko. Anapanga padziko woyera, imvi, wachikasu kapena wofiira madera bakiteriya. Pa kubereka, aliyense chitsanzo ozungulira wasweka pawiri mu ndege iliyonse. Pambuyo kugawa mabakiteriya ndi ozungulira kapena ufulu woyenerera kapena pamodzi cocci ena.

Kudulidwa ku mitundu

Gulu globular mabakiteriya zimasiyanasiyana. Mkati pali kusiyana mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• Galamu HIV ozungulira micrococci;
• anamaliza awiri diplococci;
• streptococci zokhudzana ndi unyolo bakiteriya;
• kupanga ndi kugawa tetrakokki lalikulu;
• kupanga ndi kugawa kyubu sartsiny;
• kuswana mu njira mowiriza staphylococci.

mabakiteriya onsewa cocci ndi makhalidwe zawo osati mu ndondomeko ya kugawikana. Izi zimafuna kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane lililonse.

Features micrococci

Pa pamalo oyenerera micrococci anthu osakwatira kapena masango osasamba. Pamene anaika pa Micrococcus wandiweyani michere sing'anga udzachitika mapangidwe yosalala anamaliza chambiri mitundu yambiri (woyera, wachikasu, wofiira). mtundu zimadalira maselo pigment kapena kumasuka ndi mankhwala achikuda chilengedwe.

Micrococci ndi ziyenera aerobes. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ayenera mpweya kwa kupuma. Mwa njira kudyetsa mabakiteriya awa (ozungulira micrococci) - saprophytes, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa okhulupirika. Ndiko kuti, iwo amatha kulandira zakudya kukula ndi chitukuko cha minofu akufa kapena lawola kapena kudya zimakhala ena a m'thupi.

Micrococci osati tizilombo, mwachitsanzo popanda kuphwanya yachibadwa kugwira ntchito, dzuwa ndi kukhulupirika kwa zimakhala. Ambiri tizilombo izi kukula pa kutentha kuyambira 25 mpaka 30 ° C. Koma ena mwa iwo ali kunja osiyanasiyana ichi ndi amatha kubereka pa kutentha 5-8 ° C, kapena sanaphedwe ndi Kutentha kwa 60-65 ° C.

Mu anthu, micrococci zimapezeka pa khungu mu M'mimbamo m'kamwa, kapepala kakuti kupuma. Nthawi zina maliseche kapena conjunctiva.

Makamaka ozungulira mabakiteriya diplococcus

Palinso mabakiteriya ozungulira ndi diplococci. mabakiteriya Awa ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira alipo awiriawiri. Ndi mbali inakhala maziko a zikamera akuti "diplococcus". Iwo aumbike ku diploos Greek mawu, sipangakhalenso likumasuliridwa kuti "wachiphamaso." Medicine allocated mozungulira mitundu 80 mabakiteriya awiri. Mu thupi, kawirikawiri amateteza kapisozi, ndilo mapangidwe slimy osapitirira 0.2 microns wandiweyani. Kapisozi nthawi zonse ali ndi kugwirizana ndi maselo makoma a mabakiteriya, n'zotheka kuzindikira mu zipangizo pathological smears. Diplokokki ntchito kuti mabakiteriya galamu alibe ndi galamu HIV. Iwo tizilombo. Zitsanzo mabakiteriya ozungulira za thupi diplokokki - ndi gonococcus, pneumococcus ndi meningococcus. Iwo chinzonono, lobar chibayo ndi matenda oumitsa khosi.

Gonococcus ali udindo wa diplokokkov kwambiri tizilombo mitundu. Izi cocci tizilombo ndi mawonekedwe a nyemba awiri. Koma nthawi zina angasiye mawonekedwe awo lililonse ndi maonekedwe a ochepa mabakiteriya. Kudziwa chopaka anatengedwa gonococci kudziŵa chiwerengero cha leukocytes m'magazi. Lero, chinzonono ndi ambiri matenda opatsirana pogonana. matenda imafalikira kudzera mu kugonana.

Pneumococci chimwemwe osati lobar chibayo, komanso otitis TV kapena sinusitis. Bakiteriya ndi awiri lanceolate. Ndi amodzi koma kukula kwake ndi zosakwana 1,25 microns. Streptococcus pneumoniae ndi galamu HIV bakiteriya.

Meningococcus - nthunzi mabakiteriya ngati maziko n'kuwaika m'mabanzi ogwirizana. Mu maonekedwe kungafanane gonococcus lapansi. Kuchuluka kwa meningococcus - pa mucous nembanemba ubongo. Odwala matenda oumitsa khosi amaganiziridwa kwenikweni m'chipatala.

Staphylococci ndi streptococci: makamaka mabakiteriya

Taganizirani mabakiteriya ena awiri, mitundu globular ndi maunyolo, kapena zikukwaniritsidwa mu njira lachibadwa. Iwo streptococci ndi staphylococci.

Streptococci mu microflora ambiri anthu. Pamene tikugawana mabakiteriya ozungulira kulenga mikanda kapena unyolo tizilombo. Streptococci zingachititse matenda ndi kutupa. Favorite kutanthauzira - pakamwa, m'mimba, kumaliseche ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous pa mundawo kupuma.

Staphylococci agawidwa mu ndege ambiri. Iwo amapereka mphesa ku maselo bakiteriya. Akhoza chifukwa njira yotupa mu zimakhala onse ndi ziwalo.

Kodi mfundo ayenera kupanga anthu

Munthu kwambiri ntchito chakuti ndi mfumu ya chikhalidwe. Nthawi zambiri, amamuchititsa yekha kuti mphamvu chakuthengo. Koma mu dziko pali dera lonse kuti Chili zamoyo zosaoneka ndi maso. Ali ndi kusinthasintha apamwamba chilengedwe ndipo zimakhudza njira zonse amuzolengedwa. Anzeru anthu akhala anazindikira kuti "wochepa" sakutanthauza "wopanda thandizo" kapena "otetezeka." Popanda tizilombo zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi uli kokha kusiya. Popanda mwatcheru mabakiteriya tizilombo - kutaya khalidwe pang'onopang'ono umazilara.