Makhalidwe osiyana. Kodi ndizochitika zotani

Mu zovuta zambiri, ambiri amafanizitsa chiphunzitso cha nyimbo ndi masamu, ndi zina mwa izi, chifukwa ndi masamu omwe anakhala otsogolera nyimbo zamakono zamakono. Ngakhale pa pulayimale sukulu ya nyimbo, mitu ina imayambitsa mafunso ochuluka kwa ophunzira, ndipo nthawi zosiyana ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri kumvetsa mitu.

Zosakaniza mu nyimbo

Mu chidziwitso cha nyimbo, nthawi ndi mtunda wa pakati pa ziwoneka ziwiri, zomwe zimayesedwa mu matani ndi semitones. Chigawo chimodzi ndi mtunda wapatali pakati pa phokoso, ndiko kuti, ali pafupi mafungulo. Imodzi imodzi ndi yofanana ndi 2 semitones.

Nthawi iliyonse ili ndi mawu ndi mtengo wochepa, womwe umatanthawuza lingaliro lokha. Mtengo wa stage umatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa masankhulidwe awiri pakati pa ziwonetsero ziwiri, ndipo mtengo wa phokoso, umatanthawuzira chiwerengero cha nyimbo. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yayitali ndi yochepa, ngakhale zimakhala ngati zazikulu zitatu ndipo zimawoneka ngati zofanana ndizo. Komabe, pali njira zinayi zokha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti izi ndizomwe.

Kodi ndizochitika zotani

Musanayambe kuphunzira phunziro lovuta kwambiri, ndikofunikira kudziŵa njira zazikulu zowonongeka komanso zochepa, chifukwa mitu iwiriyi ndi yogwirizana kwambiri. Choncho, nthawiyi imatchedwa khalidwe, lomwe limapangidwa ndi zikuluzikulu zokha komanso zochepa, makamaka ndi gawo la harmonic. Mawiri otsatirawa ali ndi makhalidwe:

• Chiwiri chowonjezeka ndi Septima yochepa (vv.2 - maganizo7).
• Kuwonjezeka Kwambiri - kotengera pang'ono (ув.5 - ум.4).

Izi zimakhala zosangalatsa komanso zovuta mmenemo zomwe sizikuchitika mwazirombo zachilengedwe, ndipo muyenera kusamala: musasokoneze nthawi ndi zizindikiro, izi ndi magulu awiri osiyana. Kumbukiraninso zomwe mwazikuluzikulu ndi zazing'ono zikusiyana molumikizana molumikizana:

• Mkulu wa Harmonic - adatsitsa magawo 4.
• Harmonic yaying'ono - yowonjezera masitepe 7.

Zigawo zazikulu

Zoyamba za zikhalidwe zosiyana zimakhala zachizolowezi kwa njira zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Mogwirizanitsa kwachiyanjano, yachiwiri yotambasulidwa ndi kuyendetsedwa kwake, yochepetsedwa mozama, imamangidwa pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• Uv.2 - 6 sitepe;
• Maganizo 7 - 7 sitepe.

Awamva kuti apeze zosavuta kusiyana ndi zatsopano. Zomwe zimakhalira pakati pazikuluzikulu zimapanga zizindikiro zenizeni kuti simungasokoneze ndi chirichonse. Mwachitsanzo, yachiwiri yotambasula, yomwe ndi intaneti 6 ndi 7 mu mgwirizano wa harmonic, ndi kayendetsedwe kamene kamangidwe ka gamma kumapanga kukoma kwa kummawa, chifukwa nthawiyo imawonekera mosavuta.

Pa awiri awiri, 4 ndi 4, zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira ndi kumangapo, chifukwa chachikulu ndi zazing'ono zimamangidwa pamasitepe osiyanasiyana. Izi ndi zovuta, zomwe zimawopseza ophunzira zosiyana siyana. Solfeggio amafuna kuti anthu asamangoganizira kwambiri, kuti asaphonye mwatsatanetsatane monga nthawi yoyenera yomanga. Choncho, muzitsulo zazikulu ziwiri zimamangidwa pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• Уv.5 - 4 sitepe.
• Maganizo 4 - 3 sitepe.

Maofesi ovuta kumangawa ndi chifukwa chakuti panthawiyi padzakhala magawo anayi.

Nthawi zochepa

Choncho, kufanana pakati pa a harmonic ndi aang'ono kumatha, ndipo iwo ankangokhala ndi zida zokha zogwiriziridwa ndi UV.2. Zigawo zazing'ono za harmonic zing'onozing'ono zimamangidwa pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• Uv.2 - 6 sitepe;
• Maganizo 7 - 7 sitepe;
• Uv.5 - siteji yachitatu;
• Maganizo 4 - 7 sitepe.

Kupanga nthawi zochepa ndi zazikulu

Ponena za kumangika kwachinyamatayi kuchokera phokoso lirilonse, zotsatirazi zikutsatiridwa. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo cha kumanga septum yochepa. Choyamba, onetsetsani pansi kuchokera phokoso la masitepe asanu ndi awiri, ndiyeno konzani zotsatirapo ndi nambala ya matani: ayenera kukhala 4.5. Tsopano tifunikira kuwerengera kuti mafungulo awa amapezeka. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kumvetsera phokoso lachisanu ndi chiwiri la fungulo, ndipo mutha kupeza chinsinsi chachikulu ndi chaching'ono. Mwachitsanzo, ngati malingaliro akuyenera kumangidwa ndi mau a M, ndiye kuti mafungulo adzakhala harmoniki mu F akulu ndi F ochepa. Mwa njira yomweyi zizindikiro zina zimamangidwanso. Solfeggio ali ndi njira zina, koma iyi ndi yophweka komanso yomveka bwino.

Kutsimikiza kwa zizindikiro zosiyana

Popeza kuti nthawi zina zimakhala zosagwirizana komanso zosasunthika, amafunikira kuthetsa chigamulo chokhazikika. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti ma dissonants angathe kuthetsedwera mwazomwe zilizonse, ngakhale zitakhala zolimba. Nthawi yosakhazikika iyenera kuthetsedwa kokha mu khola.

Kuphunzira za chigamulo cha zizindikiro zosiyana siyana kumatsatira pazifukwa zomvetsa chisoni. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti nyimbo zomwe zamasulidwazi zimachokera pazithunzi zosasinthika kuti zikhale zolimba. Pachifukwa ichi, kuti muthe kusinthitsa nthawi, nkofunika kudziwa chinsinsi chomwe chimamangidwa.

Kusintha kwa zizindikiro zosiyana zimagwirizana ndondomeko ya zomveka zosasunthika. Ngati zonse zikumveka ndi zosasunthika, ndiye kuti zimapita ku khola lapafupi, molingana ndi mfundo ya gravitation. Ngati wina amveka pang'onopang'ono amakhala wosasunthika, imakhalabe m'malo, ndipo phokoso lokhazikika limasintha.

Kusokoneza kwa nthawi

Mu chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, kutembenuka kumatanthawuza kusuntha phokoso ndi maola ochuluka kapena pansi. Nthawi yokhayokha ndi kutembenuzidwa kwake muyeso ayenera kukhala woyera octave, muzochitika zina, fufuzani zomanga zolakwika. Kuwonekera kuli ndi dongosolo lonse lomwe lili ndi malamulo ake ndi machitidwe omwe amakumbukiridwa bwino:

• Pamene nthawi yachitsulo imasinthidwa, nthawi yachitsulo imapezedwanso.
• Kutembenuka kwa nthawi yaying'ono kumapereka zotsatira zazikulu, ndipo mosiyana.
• Nthawi yochepa paitanidwe ikuwonjezeka, ndipo mosiyana.

Tsopano tidzakhala tikudziŵa zofunikira za nthawi yapadera, kuphatikizapo nthawi zochepa:

• Prima amapita ku ota.
• Chachiwiri muchisanu ndi chiwiri.
• Tertiyo wachisanu ndi chimodzi.
• Chotsatira mpaka chachisanu.

Ponena za zochitika zapadera, 5 ndi 4 amasinthasintha, zomwe zimathandizira kumanga malemba. Mgwirizano wachiwiri umathetsedwa pa mphamvu yokoka. Lachiwiri lokulitsidwa likhazikitsidwa motsatira njira yowonjezera ndikupanga gawo limodzi loyera. Nthenda yotsekemera imaloledwa motsogoleredwa ndi zocheperapo ndikupanga chisanu choyera.

Ndondomeko yomanga zizindikiro zapadera

Pomaliza pa nkhaniyi, tidzakambirana njira zingapo zopangira zikhalidwe, chifukwa izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto kwa ophunzira ambiri. Kotero, njira yoyamba ili ndi magawo angapo:

1. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa chinsinsi chimene mukufuna kupanga nthawiyo, ndipo mosavuta, lembani zizindikiro zazikulu.
2. Tsopano mukufunikira kudziwa kuti ndi chiani chomwe chiri muyiyi ndi "khalidwe".
3. Ndiye tikuyenera kupitiliza kuchokera kuzinthu zotsatirazi: Zigawo zonse zimakhala ndi sitepe ya harmoniki ndikuzungulira. Pazikuluzikulu, "mwatsenga" uwu ndi wachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo wachisanu ndi chiwiri wachisanu ndi chiwiri, nthawi zonse kumbukirani.

Maphunziro oyambirira a njira yachiwiri yomangamanga ndi yoyamba, koma atatha kuphedwa, ndizofunikira kuti apange zigawo zofunikira pazofunikira. Kuti musasokonezeke, pezani tebulo lotsatira:

Tsopano zidzakhala zophweka kwambiri kuti mumange nthawi zonse, makamaka popeza phokoso lina ladziwika kale. Pali chinsinsi chimodzi, koma m'malo mwake, kukumbukira zomwe mungathe kukumbukira mwamsanga tebulo ili. Kotero, mozama, nthawi zonse zowonjezera zimamangidwa pa sitepe yotsika 6, ndipo mwaching'ono zonse zochepetsedwa zimamangidwa kwa 7 okweza. Tsopano, pokhala awiri awiri oyambirira, mungathe kumanga mwamsangamsanga wachiwiri, chifukwa nthawi zosiyana zimagwirizana kwambiri ndipo zimagwirana ntchito.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa zatsopano kuchokera ku zizindikiro zosiyana

Mmodzi ayenera kusamala ndipo adziwe kusiyana pakati pa zatsopano ndi zosiyana siyana, chifukwa ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zolakwika kwambiri. Kotero, newt ndi nthawi, yokhala ndi matanthwe 3: chigawo chofutukuka ndi chachisanu. Tritons akhoza kumangidwira onse mu ma diatonic, komanso mu nyimbo zachiyankhulo ndi nyimbo, kotero sangathe kusokonezeka ndi makhalidwe omwewo.

Triton ndi dissonance yamphamvu, yomwe ili mbali ya gawo lalikulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri. Mwa njira, pali zikhulupiliro zambiri za tritons, mmodzi wa iwo akuti nyimbo zomwe zili ndi tritons ndi nyimbo za mdierekezi. Uwu ndi momwe atsogoleri achipembedzo a zakale ankakhulupirira, kotero mu nyimbo zauzimu za nthawi imeneyo, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mapuloteni pamodzi pamodzi ndi nthawi zonse kunali koletsedwa. Kuletsedwa kunali koopsa kwambiri moti anthu omwe ankalowa nawo ankaopseza anthu omwe ankalowa nawo.