Malamulo mtima kuti "ziwanda" ndi "ayi." Kalembedwe mtima "wopanda" ndi "mdierekezi"

Kalembedwe ti- prefixes (zopanda malire), chifukwa (ntchito) udaikidwa (kugawa), otsika (nis-) vz- (vs-), WHO- (ku-) through- (cheres-) Iwo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi. Akukhulupirira kuti makalata "c" ndi "Z" tili spellings zosiyanasiyana za morpheme chomwecho. Ndipotu, monga "ALI" ndi "kunja" ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana: kayendedwe kunja. Choncho kutonthoza munthu, ndi zina mwa mitundu yake.

The Tinganene kulemba "H" ndi "c" mu prefixes ndi

Polemba "H" ndi "c" imene Tinganene motere: "H" zinalembedwa pa mapeto a morpheme chidwi kwa ife, ngati kutonthoza lotsatira kapena muzu imayamba ndi consonant anafuulira kapena ndi za mawu ndi; ndi "c" - pamaso opanda consonant. chilinganizo Iyi ndi njira yosavuta kuloweza motere: adzaitana kuchokera kulira, vuto losamva. Ngakhale mawu izi mwasayansi pachithunzichi kuti ntchito mawu pang'ono, zimakhala zosavuta kukumbukira, ndi kuchita ndi yabwino ntchito. Mfundo limeneli, makamaka kalembedwe ka a prefixes "popanda" ndi "Mdierekezi". ulamuliro ikugwira ntchito kwa onse amene ali kale mu izi morpheme nkhani.

Kumbukirani zimene zilembo ndi agonthi, ndipo kodi - sonorous

Katchulidwe ka zilembo chifukwa masiyanidwe mu deta mabokosi kupatula pamwamba. [C] pamaso zilembo opanda kutchulidwa ndi zolembedwa "ndi" ndipo [H] - pamaso kuitanako, komanso e, ndi zolembedwa "Z". Kumapeto kwa kuika pamwamba bokosi kapena ozvonchaetsya zomvetsera kakasi kufooketsedwa ndi loyandikana mavawelo kapena zilembo.

Inu simungakhoze ntchito malamulo awa prefixes (ti- ndi wopandamalire), ngati inu simukudziwa chimene makalata ndi anafuulira zilembo, ndi zimene - ogontha. Ambiri amakhulupirira, mwachitsanzo, kuti "Q" amatanthauza phokoso anafuulira. Ndipo palibe mwangozi. Iye kwenikweni zikumveka ena pang'ono mokweza opanda zilembo, koma anthuwo sanamvere. Anafuulira zilembo - ndi "tsa", "N", "mamita", "ine", "D", "H", "g", "D", "g", "ndi", "b". Wogontha - "yakumadzulo", "H", "Ine", "×", "s", "shi", "T", "ndi" f "," N ".

Zitsanzo za ntchito malamulo ambiri

Zitsanzo ndi zotsatira izi. "Wopanda mitambo" walembedwa ndi "Z", monga iyi ndi kalata patsogolo za mawu a. "Wopanda" - ndi "c", monga udindo pamaso ogontha. "Osatekeseka" - "H" kwalembedwa monga pamaso kuitanako. "Tingafinye" - "a" pamaso ogontha. "Zochepa chabe" - chinthu chomwecho. "Perekani" - "H" pamalo pamaso belu. "Kuugonjetsa" - chinthu chomwecho.

Kumbukirani mawu awa kulemba amalakwitsa zinthu mobwerezabwereza: zochepa chabe, zoipa, ankhanza, zopanda moyo, maganizo, zinthu, surreptitiously, ispodnizu, ndwii, n'kuyamba, kutha, nayenso.

Chifukwa ndi pamene panali lamulo limeneli?

Izi zambiri amapezeka ku phonetic kulemba mfundo. Phonetic kalembedwe mfundo amafuna, malinga ndi katchulidwe lapansi. Ndithudi, iye ali pansi pa zifukwa kalembedwe ka mawu ena ndi mitundu, anakhazikitsa zokha, pa chifuniro, pakalibe malamulo ofanana.

Koyamba malamulo prefixes kalembedwe "m'dierekezi" ndi "ayi", "mtundu" ndi "nthawi" ndi ena. Anali anakonza mu 1755 mu "Russian galamala" Mikhail Lomonosov.

Komabe, Mikhail, ntchito yake, analemba kuti: "Ndikuganiza" mwachitsanzo, kusiya ufulu wosankha wokamba mbadwa. Inde, si nthawi zonse Pamilunguyo mfundo imeneyi. Choncho, kawirikawiri chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 pakhala umboni. Kuwatonthoza anthu ndalemba popanda malangizo alionse, "amangosankha" anamveka. M'kupita kwa nthawi, panali mwambo palokha milandu stun kulemba "c", ndipo nthawi ya akayamba - "H".

Ntchito kutonthoza ndi "H" ndi "c" m'zaka 19

Philologists kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi chitukuko cha malamulo kalembedwe koyamba ndi chiletso otsatirawa: "Tumizani chrez- ndipo ti- zolembedwa zonse kudzera" H "," chrezpolosny, "" amatichititsa "," Bezpieczne "Otsala (kugawa WHO-, chifukwa mwa ena. ) 's "sitolo kutsogolo" ndi "ndipo anafuulira zilembo ayenera zalembedwa pamaso opanda" s ":" razskaz "," kuchotsa "saleka yekha", "kulira", "kubwera". Monga mukuonera, anthu kovuta kwambiri kukumbukira pamene ndi kuwatonthoza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito "Z". Ife tinali kulemba mosiyana anamva. Childs, mu chimake ichi sizinakhalitse. Chinachitika mu 1918, kusintha kwa chinenero chake kwambiri wosalira Russian.

kusintha Lunacharsky

Kwa pafupifupi zaka mazana si kutsutsana komwe kulipo kulemba manambala oyambirira ti- (zopanda malire), nthawi pamene Lunacharsky mu 1921 chinenero cha Chirasha kuti atchule manambala oyambirira "chiwanda." Anaganiza kulemba motsatira mfundo phonetic (adzaitana kuchokera kulira, ndi ogontha ku ogontha). Baibulo limodzi lokha la (ti-) analipo kale kusintha. Otsalawo bokosi kupatula pamwamba, amene itha "s" ndi "Z" akhala nthawi zambiri, ndi nthawi anatengedwa kulemba momwe ife anazolowera lero.

Vutolo ndi chakuti manambala oyambirira wopandamalire chinachitikira pamodzi nauni "Mdierekezi." Otsutsa za kusintha amakhulupirira kuti oyamba ake anali amaloŵa chinenero cha Chirasha wa ziwanda zimenezi adzawononga Orthodoxy ndi lonse Russian anthu. Choncho, m'pofunika kusintha kalembedwe wa prefixes "popanda" ndi "Mdierekezi". ulamuliro Komabe, anthu akhala pafupifupi zaka.

Linasintha pamene kukonzanso uku, kulemba bokosi kupatula pamwamba - through- (cheres-). Panali Baibulo mmodzi yekha wa ku Lunacharsky kusintha (chithunzi ichi chili m'munsimu), ndi mawu akuti "kwambiri" Anthu panthawiyo anali ngati "chopambanitsa" anafotokoza.

Mbiri ya ntchito manambala oyambirira ti- (zopanda malire)

Pakuti chikumbumtima Russian izo poyamba chachirendo kuti yachiwiriyo ndi manambala oyambirira ti- ndi wopandamalire. ulamuliro ndi kuphunzira zonse chomwecho wokongola msanga. chifukwa kuti mu Russia, umene unali pa nthawi ya oyamba a kusintha kwa "anthu osaphunzira" si bwino kuti anthu ambiri anali kulemba malamulo. Anthu koma ndiye chochita koma kuvomereza kuti mudziŵe malamulo a mabokosi kupatula pamwamba wachikhalire ndiponso ti-, through- ndi cheres- ndi ena. Komabe, ambiri mu zaka zikubwerazi, ankakhulupirira kuti Mokweza imeneyi unayamba makamaka akadzikuza ndi kulemekeza zoipa mphamvu, kuti ndiye mdierekezi. Koma wanzeru wachikulire mawu kuti simungathe kutchula dzina lake mokweza, mwinamwake izo ndidzabwera kwa inu. Anthu, kuti akhale ankasunga ndi nzeru zimenezi. Iye anali pa msinkhu ndi nthumanzi kulankhula chizolowezi, mlingo wa kulankhula.

Wopandamalire ndi ti-

Mwina sioneka kwambiri ndi manambala oyambirira manambala oyambirira ti- ndi wopandamalire chinenero cha Chirasha. Kawirikawiri kumafuna pawiri ntchito yake, zomwe kwambiri amasintha tanthauzo la mawu ena. Iwo ankawoneka kuti anayamba kutamanda yonyansa, ngati ife zotsatirazi zinthu cognates ngati dvukorennye: "yankhanza," "wodzipereka" "wosayankhula," "akudyerera", "manyazi", "wopanda".

Akuluakulu a anthu achikulire akadali mosamala ntchito manambala oyambirira kwa derivation wopandamalire. M'mudzi kupitiriza kulankhula lero agogo adzukulu: ". Musatchule kwa iye sikankalira vuto pa mutu wake"

Ena amakhulupirira kuti mawu a awa inasokoneza makhalidwe abwino, maziko auzimu chinaperekedwa ndi makolo. Mawu ndi manambala oyambirira ndi kupanga wopandamalire mosalingalira zoipa tanthauzo moyo, assimilating ndi enshrined mu mawu a. Ngakhale pamene tanthauzo la poyamba iwo anazindikira, iwo akali opatsirana omvera zotsatira zawo. Likukhalira kukula unyolo wa chikoka zoipa, entangle anthu onse. Ena amakhulupirira kuti chimodzi mwa zinthu zachiwawa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za anthu ndendende ndi manambala oyambirira ti- ndi wopandamalire. ulamuliro ayenera kusinthidwa kuti Yachiwiri wasoŵa iwo amakhulupirira.

Mawu shifters

anaonekera mu dikishonare lotchedwa "mawu turncoats" Ndi kukhazikitsa njira ziwiri timasamala ndi kuwatonthoza kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe wa Chirasha. Ndilo olembedwa, namva nthawi yomweyo wina, chikumbumtima kuwamva monga wachitatu.

A chitsanzo chapadera chimene ulamuliro akuyendera kulemba ndi manambala oyambirira ti- (zopanda malire), panali mawu "ufulu mtima", chomwe chinkatanthauza kalembedwe Old Chirasha alibe mtima, munthu wankhanza. Onse ali mkati tanthauzo anali olondola - kuyankha momveka kumakana kupereka mtima. Ndipo mu Baibulo amakono yolembera mawu lasanduka "yankhanza", ndiye kuti mdierekezi mtima wabwino ndi wokoma mtima.

Mu chinenero chathu, pali zambiri shifters chidwi ndi zimenezi, zimene anatsimikiza kalembedwe ka a prefixes ti- (zopanda malire) (zambiri alipo lero). Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti kuli chabe kugwiritsa ntchito mawu, mwamwayi. Komabe, ena mwa nzika anzathu okonda kukhulupirira kuti ali kanthu makonzedwe kuti ziyenera anthu wina ndi mnzake. Iwo anali kuona zithunzi izi osokoneza zimene zinachitika pamene pali yachiwiriyo, amene tsopano ali ndi manambala oyambirira: ti- ndi wopandamalire. Rule lolembapo zawachititsa chakuti pali mawu amenewa.

"Opanda mphamvu" - apa zamalankhulidwe m'malo kutsogolera anthu chikumbumtima mlingo popanda mkhalidwe wolimba ndichiwanda.

"Wopanda" - Pofuna imani iye mwamtheradi zopanda phindu.

"Opanda Mantha" - m'malo kalata imodzi, tapanga mawu amphamvu kuti mukutanthauza munthu wolimba, kunena mantha mdierekezi.

"Tikufufuza" - tikhalebe popanda cholinga ndi wopanda ulemu, koma - ndi odzipereka, ndi oona mtima.

Lingaliro la munthu amene anakhala chifukwa cha m'malo a kalata imodzi manambala oyambirira, amakhala unsightly kwambiri. Ndipo okha zikomo chakuti pali ulamuliro wa akulemba ano manambala oyambirira ti- (zopanda malire) m'chilankhulo cha Russian. Munthu popanda cholinga m'moyo, wopanda ulemu, popanda chifundo ndi popanda njira. Koma mdierekezi - olimba, moona njira, imene dziko lina ili ndi adzalamulira anthu. Choncho n'kofunika, sonorous phokoso "H" watwya mphamvu ndi anthu patsogolo pa "c" kuwomba ofooka, monga ena a m'dziko mwathu muno.

Kusamvana kuti nthawi kulemba manambala oyambirira ti- (zopanda malire) m'chilankhulo cha Russian

ulamuliro akadali ena kukaikira. Zimalimbikitsa magwero chisanadze chosintha. Mu dikishonare Dahl (chithunzi cha chili m'munsimu), mwachitsanzo, ife tikupeza kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa malamulo a mabokosi kupatula pamwamba wachikhalire ndiponso ti- miyambo Asilavo amazionera.

Komatu mabaibulo kudzudzulidwa Lunacharskii mawu ali otanthauzira onse a atumwi wotsiriza. Ena amakhulupirira kuti thunthu anasintha phindu chifukwa cha iwo, kupanga kusamvetsetsa ndi chisokonezo chinenero cha Chirasha. Unagonjetsedwa kulemba manambala oyambirira ti-, mbadwa Asilavo boma molakwika chithunzi Rusich - amphamvu, ulemerero. Choncho kaya zinali zoona, tsopano ife nkomwe. Malamulo mtima wachikhalire ndiponso ti- akadali sichinayambe zimafika, kotero iwo kutsata, kaya tikufuna kapena ayi. Mtsutsano ulipobe. Pakali pano, mu masukulu kuphunzira malamulo amakono kalembedwe, kuphatikizapo mutu wa "The manambala oyambirira ti- ndi wopandamalire chinenero cha Chirasha." Lamulo (Maphunziro 5 koyamba kumudziwa) ayenera kwenikweni angatsate kuti kulemba mwaluso.