Mitundu malemba. Kodi chimatanthauza mtundu wanyimbo Malemba? Zitsanzo za Mitundu lemba mu Russian

Takumana ndi zosiyanasiyana malemba tsiku lililonse: ena mwa " 'amaitana ife kugula chinachake (malonda logungi), ena akuuzani nkhani kukakamiza (zopeka), lachitatu ntchito popereka mauthenga kwa interlocutor athu (kukambirana).

Ife tikuwona, kumva kapena kutchula osakaniza ena makalata, ndipo nthawi zina chiyani n'komwe zimene kalembedwe anapereka kwa, zomwe Mitundu a m'lemba ife ntchito. Timachita zimenezi intuitively - Awatu ndi kulankhula nawo ntchito, tikhutire slang mu wocheza, kuyembekezera zafotokozedwa wokongola wa mabuku ndi ulaliki bwino mfundo za sayansi.

Koma nthawi zina kusankha kalembedwe angakhale olakwika, ie, si zogwirizana ndi vuto kulankhula. Kodi tingapewe bwanji zimenezi? Iwo likukhalira kuti pali sayansi - kalembedwe, amene kuphunzira kalembedwe, mtundu, mtundu wanyimbo ndi lemba kumathandiza kumvetsa gulu lawo.

Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa mwayi limaonetseratu za lembalo, kuphunzira gulu la masitaelo ndi Mitundu ndipo pezani zinthu zinali ayenera kuwagwiritsa ntchito.

kalembedwe chitachitika

kalembedwe Ichi ndi yabwino kwambiri yolankhulana mu moyo ndipo ali khalidwe la kulankhulana moyo pakati pa anthu a udindo osiyana siyana ndi mlingo wa maphunziro. Iwo akhoza kuonetsedwa monga njira kukambirana ndi makalata munthu (mauthenga imelo, macheza, imelo).

Masitaelo ndi Mitundu lemba zimene zilipo kulankhulana pamoyo, alibe malire okhwima, ololerana ndi zolakwa, mpata oyamba a chinenero, mawu slang, achidule, ndipo ngakhale kutukwana. Komanso, mu kalembedwe chitachitika, ntchito ufulu mawu dongosolo.

Mwachitsanzo m'mudzi:

A: Chabwino, druzhban, wokonzeka nyamukani?
B: Inde, ine kale denga amapita ku cramming izi ...

Chifukwa kalembedwe imeneyi amakhala ndi mitundu maganizo, kumene Zimapezeka ndi kusinjirira, akuchitira Pet, mkwiyo kapena kukondwera.

Mwachitsanzo m'mudzi:

A: Hurray!
B: n'chiyani mwana wanga?
A: Mayi, ndinatenga udindo patsogolo pa ulimi ndi sukulu.
B: Chabwino, kodi muli ndi ine umnichka!

Komanso, mu kalembedwe chitachitika pali interjections zosiyanasiyana, wodzazidwa ndi Kuimaima mu kukambirana, ndi mawu-majeremusi, nthawi kulankhula mobwerezabwereza.

Mwachitsanzo m'mudzi:

A: Mwachidule, ndinazindikira kuti ... tinagwirizana. Mwachidule, inu mukumvetsa?
B: Chabwino ..?
A: Ndipo Mwachidule, sanali kunyumba.

Zonse umafuna mu kalembedwe chitachitika ndi yosavuta kumva. Iwo amachita kufananitsa si woyankhula mwanzeru ndiponso mawu ovuta.

Mwachitsanzo m'mudzi:

- Coffee adzakhala?
- Bwera!
- Ndi shuga?
- No.

kalembedwe sayansi

kalembedwe Izi ntchito kwa ulaliki wa bwino umboni sayansi ndipo ukumuwalitsira khalidwe.

Mosiyana ndi colloquial, kalembedwe sayansi anali ndi mfundo maganizo a view, ndi ndondomeko bwino ulaliki. Iye salola zolakwa ndi mawu colloquial.

Lililonse mfundo za nkhaniyo sayansi ndi pansi pa maziko a mfundo kutsimikizira kufunika kwake.

kalembedwe Scientific ali bwino Nkhani kapangidwe:

- oyamba, omwe amatanthauza chiphunzitso makamaka;
- zambiri za zomwe mfundo ndi mfundo;
- Pomaliza, mwachidule mfundo zonse.

kalembedwe Izi zikufotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe a monologue bwino watanthauzo ndi kukambirana za mtundu zokambirana. Anathetsera onse otenga mbali pokambirana ndi kuperekedwa kwa wina ndi mzake mwaulemu.

Mwachitsanzo m'mudzi:

A: Lingaliro Lovomerezeka Izi sikutanthauza umboni.
B: Pepani, Dr. Fedorov, ndi kutsutsana ndi inu.

Kalembedwe sayansi yodziwika ndi ntchito terminology wapadera ndi mawu sizinagwire ntchito mu amalankhula. Komanso, umene mawu ambiri ntchito anafuna kutsindika tsatanetsatane wa mfundo: Motero, mwachitsanzo, mwa njira, etc.

Mwachitsanzo:

Khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka a anthu ena amaganizira ndi cholakwika nyumba zofunika unyolo.

kalembedwe Izi zikugwirizana Mitundu malemba monga malipoti, essays, nkhani, mabukhu.

Official-ntchito kalembedwe

Izi kalembedwe zokambirana malonda. mudziwe ulaliki njira kalembedwe imeneyi ndi Lamulo ndi yovomerezeka umboni ndi kukhalapo kwa mitundu wapadera ndi masitampu. Iye ali mwatsatanetsatane, conciseness, chosalowerera ndale Nkhani.

Kuzindikira kalembedwe zingakhale, ndi kukhalapo kwa mawu lapadera: chifukwa, pa maziko a lamulo, kugwirizana, ndi pomweo, bwana, munthu ulamulire kanthu, etc.

Mwachitsanzo:

Mogwirizana ndi kuphwanya dongosolo la mwambo lamulirani kuchotsa nzika Ivanova AE ku ntchito boma kupititsa patsogolo zifukwa zawo.

Kukambirana pakati pa zipani mwalamulo-malonda kucheza ndi anthu mwaulemu, mosaganizira za Choyenereza ndi kagawo kakang'ono wotanganidwa mu malonda wolowezana.

Mwachitsanzo m'mudzi:

A: Marina Petrovna, chonde, kutiphunzitsa khofi.
B: Miniti yokha, SERGEY Viktorovich.

kalembedwe Official a m'lemba ndi Mitundu monga zimenezi, bwana malonda, malangizo malamulo, ofunsira, malangizo makalata malonda, ndipo, ndithudi, bizinesi kukambirana.

kalembedwe journalistic

Magwiridwe a kalembedwe izi ndi kupulumutsa mudziwe kuti misa, zochitika kuwala kumveka, kukhudzana, akuyitanira kanthu.

kalembedwe Izi ntchito makamaka ndi atolankhani ndi mawu osokoneza kwambiri. Mwina akhale nanu pamene zikumveka, kugwirizana ndi kumenya nawo nkhondo, ndipo mtima, kupereka maganizo. ziganizo zosavuta kungathandize Njira ndi zovuta lapansi. Nonfiction Nkhani ladzala ndi mafanizo, achipongwe, kufanizira, iwo zambiri kupeza mawu abwereka, anamanga mu unyolo zachilendo. Ndi bwinonso Izitu n'zovutitsa ndi mwamwano.

malangizo alionse pa ntchito yomanga nyumba zambiri ulaliki akhoza kusweka kwa cholinga chimodzi chachikulu - kukopa chidwi owerenga kapena omvetsera.

Mwachitsanzo:

Kodi amayendetsa achinyamata kotereku zotsutsana? Bad kulera? Wachisoni anzanu? Ubale? Ine ndikuganiza vuto ili kuda ubongo.

Mitundu journalistic malemba nkhani nyuzipepala, magazini, mapulogalamu propaganda malankhulidwe ndale ndi kutsutsana.

art kalembedwe

Aliyense ali ndi buku lapamtima. Ndi khalidwe la zilembo ndi malongosoledwe a kuzungulira dziko, Lofotokoza zithunzi, kuyerekeza zinthu, za khalidwe, malingaliro ndi kukambirana mawu.

Ichi ndi lemba zolembalemba.

Mwachitsanzo:

Iye anasangalala kwambiri moti sindikanatha kulankhula. Iyenso, anali chete.

Zopeka alibe omveka bwino ndi borrows makhalidwe kuchokera masitayilo ena. Khalidwe kukambirana, chitachitika kalembedwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndi zina monologues akukambidwa kalembedwe sayansi. Koma m'maganizo limaonetseratu njira, monga epithet, zophiphiritsa ndi fanizo - ndi malemba mwangwiro zolembalemba.

Mwachitsanzo:

Masamba sparkled mitundu bargovo-Amber pansi cheza za kuyendetsa kumadzulo.

Bwana kalembedwe izi wodzazidwa ndi ofanana ndi otsutsana nawo. Kulandira otchuka zopeka ndi alternately ntchito ziganizo yosavuta zovuta.

Mwachitsanzo:

A kufupi Ndinali mumsewu waukulu, kenako mu paki ndi mwaphuma ndinayang'ana pozungulira. Kanthu.

Kufanizitsa a Mitundu zolembalemba mu mawonekedwe

Gulu la mtundu wanyimbo lemba anapangidwa m'madera atatu: mawonekedwe, zili ndi zaka.

Pocheza amatanthauza mawonekedwe ntchito mabuku ndi katundu zofanana ofunda.

Pali Mitundu otsatirawa a m'lemba mu mawonekedwe:

1. kusewera - chilengedwe zolembalemba, anaikira zisudzo choonetsedwa mu bwalo lamasewera.

2. Nkhani - prose Nkhani ya zilembo chimodzi kapena zingapo akachita mwa masamba makumi asanu.

3. buku - ntchito epic lonse, kuwauza za kusintha maganizo a ngwazi za kugonjetsa nthawi yamavuto ndi chitsitsimutso chauzimu. Pali Payenera kukhala mmodzi kapena angapo amene atchulidwa pa (mwininkhani, kufuna cholinga makamaka) ndi antagonist (khalidwe kumalepheretsa kukwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu cha protagonist a). Voliyumu ya mankhwala akhoza zimasiyana tsamba 200 kuti mabuku angapo.

4. nthano - mtanda pakati pa nkhani ndi buku. Bukuli lili ofotokoza za zochitika ndi zochitika ziti pa moyo wa protagonist lapansi.

5. nkhani - mogometsa kuti lilibe mkangano.
Palinso mitundu ina ya Mitundu ya lemba mu gulu ili (epic nkhani ode), koma panthawi imeneyi ya chitukuko cha mabuku, si monga otchuka monga mitundu pamwambapa.

Mitundu Mbali zili

Mitundu lemba mu Chirasha ndipo akhoza wachinsinsi ndi okhutira:

1. Comedy - mankhwala ndi amphamvu apamaliro zoseketsa kapena satirical.

Zitsanzo: "Tsoka kwa nzeru", "ankaweta wa Shrew," "Inspector," "yabwino Mwamuna".

2. Vuto - nkhani ya mtundu uwu wa mankhwala wamangidwa pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana kuti n'kogwiritsa anafa momvetsa chisoni.

Zitsanzo: "Hamlet," "Romeo ndi Juliet", "Mu-Mu".

3. Drama - mankhwala othandiza mtundu wa mogwirizana anthu ndi vuto kwa anthu onse, chilengedwe ndi palokha.

Zitsanzo za "Green Mile", "Moyo Borrow", "Wuthering".

Mitundu lemba mu Chirasha: gulu la mtundu wa

Mu gulu ili ndi mitundu zotsatirazi malemba:

1. yadzaoneni - ntchito anatambasula nthawi, zimalimbikitsa kuchuluka chachikulu ndi wothandiza anthu otchulidwa, zochitika ndi maganizo. Nkhani anauzidwa kwenikweni pamaso pa mwambowo tsankho, ndipo anapereka mu mawonekedwe a chokumbukira chochitika zinachitika.

2. Lyrics - zolembalemba malemba, zokumana olemera kwenikweni ndi maganizo wolemba ndekha.

3. lyric epos - mtundu kuphatikiza, odzipereka makhalidwe ndi tating'ono kwambiri ndi mitundu lyric.

4. Drama anamanga okhudza pakati pa zilembo okha. Izo zinawonetsera makamaka mu mawonekedwe a kukambirana ndi ofotokozera a wolemba.

Kodi chimatanthauza mtundu wanyimbo lemba la: ena nsonga

Kupereka gulu la mankhwala makamaka, m'pofunika osati kufalitsa pa maalumali, awerenge chiwerengero cha masamba ndi ngoziyo maganizo, komanso kumvetsa mfundo za mlembi, kumvetsa khalidwe la zilembo, wotengedwa kuchokera makhalidwe abwino olembedwa.

Kodi maganizo munaona ndi kuwerenga chilengedwe zolembalemba? Inu mwina koma anaseka? Ambiri mwina, kuwerenga mankhwala anali wa khalidwe comedic. Simungathe kuletsa misozi chifukwa cha imfa yadzidzidzi ya ngwazi wokondedwa? Kodi mwawerenga tsoka. Kubverana zilembo chete inu pa zala zanu? Tsopano, inu muli bwino polemba chinenero chimenechi - sewero.

Kodi chachikulu ndi ntchito yanu? Mwina masamba angapo a m'lemba, nkhani zina zomwe zinachitika m'moyo wa munthuyo. Iyi ndi nkhani. Kapena kodi chilengedwe cha Mipikisano buku ndi zambiri za anthu otchulidwa ndi chiwembu zosamvetsetseka. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula za buku la.

Monga zayikidwira lemba: youma komanso mopanda tsankho, kapena M'malo mwake, bwino ndi maganizo? Mbali yoyamba, mankhwala akhoza kukhala epic anafotokoza, lachiwiri - monga mawu.

M'kagulu Mabuku a Mitundu yosiyanasiyana si ovuta, ndi okwanira kumvetsa tanthauzo lake.