Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau Perfective: lingaliro, maphunziro, yeniyeni awiriawiri

Chimodzi mwa magawo osiyana a mawu a chinenero cha Chirasha ndi mneni. Amatanthauza kuti mneni kanthu, chinthu boma. mafunso yakuti: chochita? zoyenera kuchita? Mbali imeneyi ya mawu ali ambiri otchulidwa morphological, izi zimakhudza malo ake kulankhula ndi syntactic udindo chiweruzo. Mutu wa nkhani ino, "perfective kasewenzetsedwe ka mau" Choncho, tisanayambe kukambirana za iwo, m'pofunika kudziwa phindu la gulu awo: choimira. Category mtundu - ndi kalembedwe gulu la mneni, ndi chibadidwe cha mtundu uliwonse ndipo ikusonyeza zotsatira pa nthawi. Mau akuti "anaganiza" ndi "kusankha" ofanana tanthauzo koma amasiyana grammatically. Ndinaganiza - mneni amachita. mtundu, ananena kuti kanthu udzatha, ndi chakuti Kwatha ndi zochepa. Kuthetsedwa - mneni ungwiro. kulemba ndi lilibe malire kapena kukwaniritsa kanthu. Chinenero cha Chirasha pali mitundu iwiri ya kasewenzetsedwe ka mau: wangwiro ndi wopanda ungwiro.

Wangwiro mtundu wa mneni amene

Kale ndi dzina lina - perfective kasewenzetsedwe ka mau - kumvetsa zimene tikulankhula za chinthu chimene chinayamba anapanga, anamaliza kapena itatha. Pali malire, malire, zotsatira zake ndi. Choncho, funso ngati mtundu wangwiro wa mneni: chochita? Ine anachita (a)? wachita chiyani? kodi mungatani?

Mwachitsanzo: zinachitika kale

"Ine ndinawerenga buku" akutanthauza: kuwerenga lonse mpaka kumapeto;

"Ine analemba kalata" limatanthauza kalata wokonzeka;

"Ndinaphunzira chilankhulo" amatanthauza; ndikudziwa chilankhulo;

"Ife nyimbo yakuti" amatanthauza mapeto.

Koma kupereka: "Ine analemba kalata," "ndinawerenga bukhu," "Ine kuimba nyimbo," "Ndinaphunzira chilankhulo," zikutanthauza kuti kanthu anatenga malo, koma kaya chafika kumapeto - sakudziwika.

Mitundu wapakamwa amasiyana makamaka maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe nthawi. kasewenzetsedwe ka mau Perfective akale ndi tsogolo yaikulu mfundo nthawi (mfundo), analemba (lemba), ankaimba (Play), kuwerenga (kuwerenga), anaphunzira (Phunziro). Omaliza m'tsogolo mophweka mofanana pano kasewenzetsedwe ka mau yomangika mu ungwiro wa. mtundu: ndinawerenga, Ndimasewera.

Ungwiro kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. mitundu ndi mtundu panopa., proshed. ndi tsogolo. nthawi yovuta. Amapereka "Tidzamanga", "Tidzaphunzira" ndingonena zimene adzapatsidwa, koma osati ngati iwo zikakwaniritsidwa. Pamene chiweruzo "Tidzamanga", "Tidzaphunzira" limanena kuti chinachake adzamangira mapeto asanafike, adzakhululukidwa ankafufuza ndipo tidzadziwa. Izi mitundu mogwirizana ndi maonekedwe osiyana mitundu zosakhalitsa kumabweretsa zolakwika mu ntchito ya kulankhula, nthawi ili m'malo m'tsogolo, tsogolo m'malo ano.

Choncho mmalo mwa mapangidwe molondola za m'tsogolo yomangika: Ine ndikuuzani inu, ndipita, ine, inenso ndiyamba - anthu amene amalankhula chinenerocho bwino, molakwa kuti: ndibwerezanso kutero, ine ndipita, ndiyamba.

Maphunziro ndi mitundu awiriawiri

Mawonekedwe choyambirira cha maphunziro perfective kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ambiri opanda ungwiro. kutayipa ndi Kuwonjezera prefixes, suffixes, ndi suffixes chitsutso, alternating pa muzu, kusunthira nkhawa, mawu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mizu mawu. Species awiriawiri anapanga.

1. kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mawonekedwe wangwiro popangidwa ndi kuwonjezera suffix -nu- kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mawonekedwe ungwiro: kulumpha-kulumpha-kugwedezeka kupeta. kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awa ngofunika kufupika ndi yomweyo.

Ena kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi suffix suffix -nu- kugwa zilembo otsiriza: kuwaza, kuponya, lakuya-lakuya, alira-kunong'ona. Suffix -nu- kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mawonekedwe changwiro kuonetsera chifukwa, chepetsani kukwaniritsa kanthu (kutha kukwaniritsa) osakwatiwa wotenga (Kankhani, kufuula yoweyula) kwa kwambiri isanayambike kanthu (gush, umayamba)

2. Tumizani kupereka mneni mtengo chokwanira, popanda kusintha lexical tanthauzo lenileni la mawu: kulemba, kulemba, thanani; kupita akhungu-akhungu; graying-nazo; kumanga, kumanga; kuchita, kodi; mphamvu-kwambiri.

Koma nthawi zambiri mtima kupereka latsopano lexical tanthauzo la mawu akuti kuchita. mtundu; kuwerenga - kuwerenga, kuwerenga, kuwerenga

Ikani pamwamba bokosi pamodzi ndi mtengo chokwanira angathe kubweletsa mawu a mithunzi zina, amanena kuti chiŵerengero cha kanthu pa nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, manambala oyambirira po- ena kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amabweretsa phindu la kanthu ochepa nthawi Mwachitsanzo: lero ndinawerenga, ntchito, anayenda (pamene kuwerenga zidaleka, ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo anasiya ntchito, nthawi kuyenda.)

Manambala oyambirira za-, po- pamene pamodzi ndi ena kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kubweretsa mawu mtengo chiyambi cha ntchito: kuimba-kuimba (anayamba kuimba); phokoso ndi phokoso (anayamba kupanga phokoso); Kuwuluka-kuuluka (anayamba ntchentche)

Mwachitsanzo:

nkhalango inalira, anadzuma, creaked, kalulu anamvetsera ndipo anathawa. (Nekrasov AN)

Mphungu Akuimba mluzu ndi squeaked kulira panobe. Ndiye mphungu modzidzimutsa anafuula mokweza, mapiko ake ndi anaulukira zovuta nyanja ... (Leo Tolstoy)

3. Nthawi zina mitundu anapanga ndi awiri kasewenzetsedwe ka mau a mizu osiyana, mawu: kuika-anaika. Kumbukirani mawu pamodzi, amene ntchito perfective kasewenzetsedwe ka mau: modzidzimutsa, mwadzidzidzi, kamodzinso, mwamsanga pamene zonse mwadzidzidzi, tsiku lina.

Ntchito!

Apa ndi malemba fanizo. Pezani lemba la kasewenzetsedwe ka mau perfective. Fotokozani kusiyana mu mtengo wa kumathandiza kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. ndi opanda ungwiro. mitundu.

kusaka

Wokongola mphungu pang'onopang'ono amapanga bwalo pamwamba pa nyanja. Flight cha izo bata ndi wachisomo. Apa anaima kamphindi mu mlengalenga, ngati wina anam'gwira ulusi. Chinachake chinachitika. chilombo lino tawona mu bwino m'zigawo madzi. Mwadzidzidzi, mphungu ndipo mofulumira anakhala mwala kugwa.

Ndipo m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo, pa ntchentche, iye anagwira nyama yake ndi mlomo wake, ndipo mwadzidzidzi anaimirira. Nsomba agwedeza Mchira, kuyesera kuti abuluke mulomo, koma mphungu amasunga stranglehold pa nyama zawo popanda kum'dula ndege.

Kenako, malo ndi chakudya kuchokera Otsutsa. Zofunika, ndi chikuku onyada, ndi moto mu maso ake, mphungu zoti chakudya.