Chilankhulo Chikatalani - makhalidwe. Kodi iwo kulankhula Chikatalani

Chikatalani limabweretsa oksitano-Romance subgroup wa banja m'mayiko a ku Ulaya. Ndi boma mu ukulu wa Andorra. Chiwerengero cha anthu amene amalankhula Chikatalani, pafupifupi 11 miliyoni. Nthawi zambiri, chinenero angamvele pa dera la Autonomous Madera ku Spain (Balearic Islands ndi Valencia), Italy (Alghero, limene lili pa chilumba cha Sardinia) ndi France (Pyrenees-Orientales).

General mfundo ndi kufotokoza mwachidule

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII izo mayina ambiri Chikatalani mogwirizana ndi zimene zakhala ntchito m'madera osiyana. Mpaka lero, anasunga mawu awiri zambiri kutanthauza chinenero - Catalano-Chivalensha-Balearic (ntchito makamaka mu mabuku ambiri a sayansi) ndi Chivalensha. Njira yamasika ntchito anthu okha amene amakhala dera yoyenda yokha ya Valencia (gawo la Spain). Palinso zina mutu wa "Mallorquina" imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi mwamwayi (Balearic Islands, Ufumu wa Majorca).

Chikatalani anatenga olemekezeka malo chimodzi mu gulu Romance ndi chiwerengero cha okamba (osati anthu osakwana miliyoni 11.6). Kutsogolo kwa Spanish, Chitaliyana, French, Chipwitikizi ndi Romania. Chikatalani ndi pa malo 14 a European Union monga mwa chiyeretso cha ntchito kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku.

Pakuti kulemba ntchito ndinazolowera Latin: mwachitsanzo, ma makalata -ny-, -l ∙ l-, -ig, zomwe sizipezeka pena paliponse. mbali khalidwe la chinenero zokhudzana ndi phonetics ndi galamala, nkhani ya chiwerengero cha mavawelo (mu gulu Romance zisanu ndi ziwiri, mu Chikatalani - eyiti) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani wapadera pamaso mayina.

Mu January 2009, nkhani za monologue yaitali mu dziko (124 maola wa kulankhula mosalekeza) wakhala anaika. Nthawi zambiri kutchulidwa Chikatalani. mbiri wolemba anali perpinyanets Lewis Kulet.

Mbiri ya zikamera ndi kukula

Akukhulupirira kuti chinenero Chikatalani anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe kumbuyo mu X atumwi monga zipilala oyambirira ntchito "Chiphunzitso ulamuliro" chilankhulo, amene anapezeka kale zinalembedwa zana lino. Iwo ananyamuka pamaziko a zotukwana Latin kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Iberia. Mu mochedwa Ages Middle ankaona yapamwamba Chikatalani ndi amagwilitsidwa ntchito mabuku (kotero Ndimakonda kulemba Chiokitani), nzeru ndiponso sayansi.

Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XIII, ndi chilankhulo pang'onopang'ono mphamvu zake kuti kukhala ndi chinenero palokha. Ngakhale Ramon Lully ntchito Chikatalani walenga ntchito pa zamulungu, ndi akatswiri luso nkhani. Ndithu golide zaka chinenero anakhala atumwi XV. Kwambiri consummate ndi kowala mbuye amene ali oyamba ntchito chinenero ndakatulo, anakhala Auzias Mark. Kudalirika mu prose, ndithudi, wa buku "The White wankhanza" ndi "Curia ndi Guelph," wolemba umene unali Zhuanot Martorell.

Pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, chinenero Chikatalani wataya ulemerero wake wakale. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali ndale komanso osankhika, amene anayamba mwakhama ntchito Chikasitilia (dzina la kale la Spanish). Chifukwa anthu wamba ndi atsogoleri, anapitiriza ntchito Chikatalani moyo wawo, chinenero sichikwiya akufa.

Pambuyo Civil Nkhondo ya 1936-1939. ndi chigonjetso Franco a analetsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo mu chinenero olankhulidwa ndi olembedwa. Mu Spain, pa nthawi imeneyo kunali ngakhale lamulo malinga ndi zimene munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito Chikatalani, pansi chilango chigawenga. Kubwera kwa demokalase mu dziko zinachititsa kuti autonomization a m'madera, kotero kuti chinenero anakhalanso boma.

kalembedwe

Chikatalani kulemba dongosolo amagwiritsa zilembo Latin ndi zizindikiro diacritical. Mwa maonekedwe a kuziwerenga izi allocated motere:

• ntchito Interpoint pakati kawiri kalata L: Intel • ligent - ochenjera;
• ntchito ma -ig-, zimene zikusonyeza kuwomba [ʧ] mu mawu monga maig ndi, faig etc.
• ntchito zilembo T, yomwe imaimira yotsatira yaitali consonant TL, tll, TN ndi TM: setmana - sabata, bitllet - tikiti;
• lumikiza tz, madalitso, TJ, tg ntchito udindo affricates.

mbali khalidwe la mavawelo

Imodzi mwa mbali ya mtundu wa phokoso - izi mofulumira ka mavawelo pa mapeto a mawu a chiyambi Latin kupatula kalata m. Mbali imeneyi kwenikweni kusiyana ndi chinenero Chikatalani Italo-Roma ndi Western ku Spain ameneŵa subgroup. Chilankhulo cha subfamilies awa amawasunga mavawelo onse komaliza. Chikatalani ndi Chiokitani kugawana angapo mawu monosyllabic ndi diphthongs ambiri. Kusiyana zilankhulo ziwiri pamwamba ndi kuchepetsa wa diphthong Au kutsegula phokoso O.

Chikatalani amasiyana ndi Spanish katchulidwe ka kuteteza lotseguka mavawelo lalifupi anatsindika wa Latin chiyambi ndi inu e. -ACT kuphatikiza makalata pakati pa mawu amaloŵamo kuchepetsa ndi kwasanduka -et. Mbali imeneyi ambiri chinenero Chikatalani ndi Western Romance (Chiokitani ndi Languedoc chilankhulo).

Features zilembo

Mtundu wa phokoso yodziwika ndi kusintha wogontha -T, -C, -P Ndikuganizira -d-, -g-, -b. Mbali imeneyi Chili ndi Chikatalani Romanesque kumadzulo subfamily. C. Gallo-Romanic chinenero gulu chimene chimagwirizanitsa kuteteza FL phokoso koyamba, PL, CL, kusintha kwa zilembo opanda lolingana anafuulira ngati mawu lotsatira amayamba anafuulira consonant kapena mawu. Ndondomeko Dontho intervocalic -N, womwe uli ngati zotukwana Latin ndi zidzasintha komaliza Chili consonant ndi Chikatalani ndi Chiokitani languedocien chilankhulo.

• Taganizirani mbali choyambirira zomwe sizipezeka mu zilankhulo Romance:
• Latin consonant phokoso amakhala -D -u;
• -TIS mapeto akulowa -u (yekha kwa wachiwiri zambiri);
• Latin amalire kuphatikiza mawu -C + e, ine → -u (pafupifupi. CRUCEM → creu).

mitundu

Nthawi zina pa malire a kumadera amenewo limene anthu amalankhula mu Chikatalani, muulamuliro wake, pali chakale chosiyanasiyana. Taganizirani zofunika kwambiri, komanso malo a yatsoka:

• chilankhulo Sicilian kum'mwera Italy;
• patuet chilankhulo, zomwe mpaka theka lachiwiri Mu zaka zapitazo analankhula osamuka, ndipo kenako - ana awo ku South ya Valencia, Menorca. Koma chinenerochi, wakhala chifukwa cha mawu Arab ndi French;

• mapangidwe chinenero panotcho (Autonomous Community wa Murcia) zimakhudza Chikatalani. DZIKO - Spain;
• chilankhulo Sicilian, Southern Italy;
• chilankhulo churros, Spanish olankhula malo a dera la Autonomous Community ya Valencia;
• chilankhulo Neapolitan, dziko - Italy.