Malamulo zofunika chinenero Latin. The kuchepa Latin

Latin - ndi inflected chinenero (ie, ali osiyanasiyana affixes), m'dziko la gulu Italy. Iwo zimaonetsa kuti ufulu mawu kumanga ziganizo. Manauni ndi anakana chiwerengero ndi vuto ngati mawu ndi adjectives (kuphatikizapo participles) zosiyanasiyana chiwerengero, choncho ndi amuna ndi azimai; kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ali anakana ndi anthu deti, nthawi, ina tilili. Choncho, kuchepa Latin - gulu kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. inflections (mau mathero ndi suffixes) Latin ndi chimodzi mwa osiyanasiyana kwambiri pakati pa zinenero m'mayiko a ku Ulaya. Latin imatengedwa tingachipeze powerenga mu zilankhulo.

A History Mwachidule chinenero Latin

Latin poyamba chimalankhulidwa Latium, Italy. Kudzera mu mphamvu ya Republic Roma Latin anakhala lalikulu, choyamba mu Italy ndipo kenako mu Ufumu wa Roma. Zotukwana Latin anali adzabadwanso m'zinenero Romance monga Chitaliyana, Chipwitikizi, Spanish, French ndi Romania. Latin, Italy ndi French anabweretsa kwambiri mawu a Chingerezi. Latin ndi wakale mizu Greek ndi mawu ntchito mu zamulungu, zamoyo ndi mankhwala. Pofika kumapeto kwa Republic Roma (75 BC. E.) chinenero Drevnelatinsky inasanduka tingachipeze powerenga. Zotukwana Latin zinanenedwa mawonekedwe. Iwo kwagona mu zolemba ndi ntchito za playwrights Roma monga Plautus ndi Terence.

Mochedwa Latin zilembo chinayambira komanso anayamba kuzungulira m'zaka za zana lachitatu AD. Medieval Latin ankagwiritsa ntchito ku IX atumwi mpaka Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Komanso, monga Kubwera kwa Latin ano, anayamba kusintha. Latin chinali chilankhulidwe kulankhulana lonse, sayansi ndi zamulungu. chinenero Latin wa sayansi ku XVIII atumwi, pamene anayamba aithamangitse zinenero zina European. Ecclesiastical Latin akanali m'chinenero cha boma cha Holy See ndi lonse Latin mwambo wa Mpingo wa Katolika.

Mphamvu ya Latin mu zinenero zina

chinenero Latin lolembedwa analankhula wotchedwa zotukwana Latin (m'lingaliro - "anthu"), anakhala chinenero praosnovoy m'zinenero zina national European, ogwilizana pa nthambi chinenero otchedwa Romanesque. Pa chiyambi cha zilankhulo izi kuyandikana pakati pa iwo pa mphindi, pali kusiyana kwambiri, popangidwa ndi monga Latin kusanduka mayiko anagonjetsa kwa chiwerengero cha zaka. Latin monga chinenero praosnova kusintha zinthu mchikakamizo cha zinenero wamba m'dzikoli komanso zinenero zina zambiri.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za Latin galamala

Latin - ndi kupanga, inflected chinenero mawu a gulu chinenero. Kuti ndi chinenero, lomwe likulamuliridwa ndi derivation ntchito inflections. Inflections ndi mitundu ya kusintha mizu ya mawu kapena mathero. mawu Latin monga lexical zamalankhulidwe amafotokozera ndi mapeto limasonyeza ntchito kalembedwe mawu. Pophatikizana a mizu, amene amanyamula tanthauzo la mawu ndi mapeto amalenga zinthu yaying'ono kwambiri wa pempholo: mwachitsanzo, Amo, "Ndimakukonda", opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zamalankhulidwe, am- "chikondi" ndipo mapeto -ō, zimasonyeza kuti mneni ya munthu mmodzi ndipo ndi suffix.

Declination wa manauni ku Latin

Avereji Latin nauni uli mmodzi wa magulu asanu akuluakulu a declinations, mwachitsanzo kukhala ndi mawonekedwe mathero. Declination Latin nauni anatsimikiza ndi nkhani genitive mmodzi. Kuti m'pofunika kudziwa genitive chachikazi. Komanso, onsewa ali kutha. declension Latin manauni zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi.

• Woyamba ndi manauni chosalimba, komanso wamwamuna, amene kuitana munthu wotanganidwa kapena dziko. 1 declination Latin anatsimikiza genitive mmodzi kutha -ae. Mwachitsanzo: persa - Persian; Agricola - mlimi. Kwenikweni, kuchepa woyamba ndi nkhani mathero kutanthauza.
• 2 kuchepa Latin makamaka umatha ndi kalata - za. Anatsimikiza genitive mmodzi kutha -i. declension chachiwiri ndi chachimuna manauni mu -us ndi, -er, pa -um pafupifupi ndi gulu laling'ono la zizindikiro chosalimba kutha mu -us.
• 3 kuchepa Latin - wokongola osiyanasiyana gulu la manauni. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu waukulu.
  1. Consonant.
  2. Mawu.
  3. Osokonezeka. Ophunzira ayenera kuphunzira woyamba m'magulu atatu.
• The declension chachinayi, makamaka ikutha ndi kalata Y m'njira mawu a nauni ndi. Tsimikizani genitive mmodzi kutha -ūs.
• Kuchepa chachisanu mu Latin makamaka umatha ndi kalata -e milandu. Tsimikizani genitive mmodzi kutha -ei. Izi kagulu ka manauni.

Choncho, kuchepa Latin ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu, popeza tatchulazi, ndi mawu a chinenero Latin inflected. Declination wa adjectives chinenero Latin sasiyana ku manauni. Ndipotu m'njira zambiri ndi ofanana ndi chinenero cha Chirasha, pamene iwonso ali declination chomwecho. Gulu ochuluka kuposa mawu Latin - ndi nauni declension 1. Latin lilinso zingapo mawu amene si anakana.

Latin affixes nauni

Chakale Latin ali ndi milandu isanu ndi iwiri ya nauni ndi. Declination wa adjectives ku Latin chikugwirizana ndi manauni pansi. Taganizirani zitsanzo onse asanu ndi awiri;

• Nkhani nominative ntchito pamene nauni ndi nkhani kapena mkhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mawu fye - chikondi, puella - mtsikana. Kuti ndi mtundu woyambirira wa nauni ndi.
• Genitive nauni akufotokoza za thupi nkhani ina.
• Dative ntchito ngati liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba ndi mosadziwika womuyenerera maganizo ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau apadera, ndi ena zifukwa.
• choncho Accusative ntchito pamene nauni ndi chinthu mwachindunji phunziro ndi chonamizira kusonyeza malo kopita.
• Ablative ntchito ngati liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba atsimikiza kupatukana kapena kayendedwe ka gwero, amachititsa chida kapena pamene ntchito ngati liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba chinthu ndi prepositions yeniyeni.
• choncho Vocative ntchito pamene nauni akufotokoza kutchula mutu. Vocative chikugwirizana ndi nauni mawonekedwe nominative, kupatula kwachiwiri declination nauni kutha mu -us.
• choncho Locative ntchito mwachindunji malo (limafanana Russian anawagwiritsira kapena pa). Ntchito iyi yokha m'nkhani imeneyi.

Mapeto (Latin) The zilakolako takambirana mwachidule pamwamba. Mwachitsanzo 1 declinations, ali motere: kutanthauza, -ae, -ae, -am, kutanthauza, kutanthauza.

Declination wa manauni ku Latin akuwonetseredwa mu mapeto choncho.

Latin mneni conjugations gulu

Wamba mneni Latin, amatanthauza munthu wa conjugations zinayi zikuluzikulu. Conjugation - gulu la kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kukhala ndi mathero chomwecho. Conjugation limanenedwa ndi kalata wa muzu mneni wa tsiku lomaliza. Muzu wa nthawi ino angapezeke ndi kusiya kwa infinitive mathero -re (-ri L otlozhitelnyh kwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau). Choyamba conjugation infinitive itha --ā-kukonzanso kapena --ā-ri (mawu udakali chabe), mwachitsanzo: amāre - "chikondi", hortārī - "chenjeza" conjugations wa wachiwiri - pa -ē-kukonzanso kapena -ē-ri : monēre - "kuchenjeza," verērī, - "mantha" ndi conjugation lachitatu - kwa -ere, -ī: dūcere - "kutsogolera", ūtī - "ntchito"; mu wachinayi -ī-kukonzanso, -ī-ri: audīre - "kumva", experīrī - "kuyesera." Choncho, mneni Latin conjugated mwa munthu, malingana ndi umembala wa conjugation.

Times Latin mneni

Mu Latin pali 6 tenses yeniyeni (tempus), chomwe ndi pang'ono m'chinenero cha Russian. Awa ndi njira zotsatirazi mitundu-yomangika:

• Panopa.
• Zakale ungwiro mantha.
• M'mbuyomu wangwiro mantha.
• Pluperfect (pluperfect) nthawi.
• Tsogolo wangwiro mantha.
• Tsogolo ungwiro mantha.

Nthawi iliyonse ali chilinganizo yake ndi ufulu kuphunzira. Latin mneni ali m'magulu a maganizo ndi ina.

mawu Latin

Popeza Latin chinenero Zogona zambiri mawu ake alinso Zogona, mwachitsanzo protoindoevroeyskogo chiyambi wakale. Komabe, chifukwa zimachitika pafupi chikhalidwe pakati pa Aroma osati kusinthidwa ndi zilembo Etruscan kuti Latin, komanso anabwereka mawu ena Etruscan. Latin ilinso ndi mawu Anabwereka oskov, wina wakale anthu Zogona. Inde, gulu lalikulu kwambiri ngongole - kuchokera Greek.

zinenero Latin

Romance zinenero - gulu la zilankhulo ndi zinkalankhulidwa a Zogona subgroup a m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, ndi kholo lawo ndi limodzi - Latin. dzina lawo - chibwenzi - liwu amachokera ku Latin Romanus (Chiroma).

Nthambi zilankhulo kuti amaphunzira zinenero Romance, awo chiyambi, chitukuko, kufanizitsa, wotchedwa Romance philology. anthu amene amalankhula iwo ukutchedwa romanoyazychnymi. Choncho, chinenero akufa akalipo mu iwo. Chiwerengero cha okamba za zinenero Romance pa mphindi - pafupifupi mamiliyoni 800 padziko lonse. Ambiri mwa gulu la Spanish, ndiye kenako Chipwitikizi ndi French. Okwana pali oposa 50 zilankhulo Romance.