Malasha: ulimi mu Russia ndi dziko. Location ndi njira migodi ya malasha

Makampani migodi ya malasha ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri makampani mafuta. Kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi, ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse pa chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa zipangizo.

ndi makampani khala Kodi

Makampani malasha zikutanthauza kupanga khala ndi processing wake wotsatira. Ntchito akutsatiridwa onse padziko ndi mobisa.

Ngati madipoziti ali pa akuya palibe mamita oposa 100, ntchito ikuchitika njira dzenje. Chitukuko kumunda migodi kwambiri ntchito.

Classic njira ya migodi ya malasha

Ntchito m'migodi ya malasha ndi mobisa - njira yaikulu ya m'zigawo mchere. Ambiri mwa ntchito mu Russia ndi ku dziko wochititsidwa ndi njira yotseguka. Ichi ndi chifukwa chofuna chuma ndi mlingo mkulu kupanga.

zimachitika motere:

• Mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zina zapadera kuchotsedwa wosanjikiza chapamwamba lapansi kuphimba m'munda. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, kuya ntchito pagulu zinali zochepa mamita 30, luso lamakono wandisonyeza ake 3 khola. Ngati topsheet ndi zofewa ndi yaing'ono, iwo anachotsa excavator ndi. A wakuda ndi wandiweyani wosanjikiza dothi kale lomwe.
• Malasha madipoziti ulesi n'kutengedwa mothandizidwa ndi zida apadera ku fakitale kwa processing zina.
• Antchito anabwezeretsa mtunda zachilengedwe kupewa zoipa chilengedwe.

The sangathe wa njira iyi kuti madipoziti malasha, amene ali pa kuya osaya, muli zosafunika dothi ndi mitundu ina.

Zotsukira ndi khalidwe akuti ndi khala ncho ndi njira mobisa.

Cholinga chachikulu cha njira imeneyi ndi ponyamula malasha kuchokera mu kuya wamkulu pamwamba. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kulenga njira: adit (yopingasa) ndi kutsinde (okonda kapena ofukula).

Mu ngalande Chili wapadera khala seams tadulidwa ndi olemedwa kumtunda conveyor ndi kuukitsa iwo pamwamba.

Mobisa njira amalola kupeza wambirimbiri pansi, koma zovuta kwambiri: kukwera mtengo ndi chiopsezo antchito.

njira sagwirizana nazo yodalirika malasha

Njirazi zimathandiza, koma ndiribe kupezeka - panyengo palibe luso bwino kukhazikitsa ndondomeko:

• Hayidiroliki. Iwo ncho mu wanga pa mozama. Malasha msoko silimba ndi aperekedwa pamwamba pa kuthamanga amphamvu a madzi.
• Mphamvu ya mpweya wothinikizidwa. Iwo amachita monga zowononga ndi kukweza mphamvu, wothinikizidwa mpweya wapanikizidwa amphamvu.
• Vibroimpulsny. Zigawo anawononga Phokoso wamphamvu, popangidwa ndi zida.

Njirazi ankagwiritsa ntchito ngakhale mu Soviet Union, koma sanakhale wotchuka chifukwa cha kufunika kwa ndalama yaikulu. Munangotsala makampani migodi kugwiritsa ntchito njira atsopano.

ntchito yaikulu - chosowa ogwira ntchito m'madera zoika moyo pangozi.

atsogoleri dziko mu migodi ya malasha

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za World Energy anamasulidwa chizindikiro cha mayiko, agwilitse ndi udindo waukulu pa ulimi khala mu dziko:

1. China.
2. US.
3. India.
4. Australia.
5. Indonesia.
6. Russia.
7. South Africa.
8. Germany.
9. Poland.
10. Kazakhstan.

Kwa zaka zambiri, China ali kutsogolera mawu a buku la migodi ya malasha. 1/7 za m'minda zizipezeka akupangidwa ku China, ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti khala si zimagulitsidwa kunja kwa dzikoli, ndi nkhokwe zomwe zilipo kwa zaka zosachepera 70.

m'dera munda US wogawana Zafalikira dziko. kufufuza awo adzapereka dziko kwa zaka zosachepera 300.

khala madipoziti ku India ali wolemera kwambiri, koma pafupifupi buku lonse opangidwa ntchito makampani mphamvu, mwachitsanzo. munthu. za m'matangadza alipo ndi wa khalidwe osauka kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti India ndi imodzi mwa malo ŵa mu dziko mukuyesetsa njira zinawonongeka yodalirika malasha.

nkhokwe malasha Australia, zokwanira pafupifupi 240 zaka. Ncho khala ali wapamwamba wa kuwerengetsa, zambiri za izo wopita katundu.

Mu Indonesia, mphamvu kupanga khala ikukula chaka chilichonse. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ambiri opangidwa inkatumizidwa ku mayiko ena, dziko tsopano kusunthira kutali kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, choncho Kowonjezereka kwa malasha mowa zoweta.

Russia ali 1/3 nkhokwe dziko la malasha, pamene sizinathe bwino mayiko onse a dziko lapansi.

South Africa lingathe kukwera apamwamba mu masanjidwe - zaka 30 zapitazi mlingo wa ulimi khala mu dziko chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi 4.

Germany, Poland ndi Kazakhstan pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa voliyumu ya ulimi khala chifukwa ndalama sanali mpikisano wa zipangizo. Ambiri a khala ndi cholinga kudya zoweta.

Waukulu migodi ya malasha malo mu Russia

Tiyeni tifufuze. Malasha kupanga mu Russia zimagwiritsa lotseguka dzenje. madipoziti ndi anamwazikana omangidwa kudutsa dziko - ambiri a iwo ili m'chigawo chakum'mawa.

The madipoziti lapadera kwambiri malasha Russia ndi:

• Kuznetsk (Kuzbass). Imatengedwa yaikulu osati Russia komanso padziko lonse, lili Western Siberia. Pali ikuchitika ndi kupanga coking malasha.
• Kansk-Achinsk. Apa, m'zigawo ikuchitika lignite. gawo ili m'mphepete mwa Trans-Siberia Railway, agwilitse gawo la dera la Irkutsk ndi Kemerovo Region, Krasnoyarsk Gawo.
• Tunguska Malasha beseni. Umaimiridwa ndi mitundu zofiirira ndi zovuta malasha. Limafotokoza mbali ya dera la Republic of Sakha, Irkutsk Region ndi Krasnoyarsk Gawo.
• Pechora khala beseni. Mu m'zigawo m'munda imagwiridwa khala coking. Ntchito akutsatiridwa m'migodi, amene amalola kubala khala apamwamba. Ili pa dera la Republic Komi ndi Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.
• Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo khala beseni. Ili mu Upper Sayan. Malasha amapereka mabizinezi pafupi ndi midzi.

Pakali pano, akupangidwa minda 5 kwambiri kuti angathe kuonjezera voliyumu ya pachaka kupanga malasha Russia ndi matani 70 miliyoni.

Ziyembekezo makampani malasha

dziko wakhala kufufuza kwambiri madipoziti khala, ku mfundo zachuma maganizo, kwambiri zingamuthandize a m'mayiko 70. misinkhu kupanga khala kukula mofulumira: bwino luso, akweza zida. Chifukwa ichi kuchuluka profitability malonda.