Malo osungunuka a Sberbank. Kodi amatha kufalitsa ma depositi? Kodi ndi zotetezeka bwanji zomwe zimayikidwa mu mabanki achi Russia?

Sberbank ndi imodzi mwa mabanki akuluakulu osati ku Russia, komanso ku CIS. Lili ndi nthambi zogwirira ntchito kwambiri, limapereka mndandanda wathunthu wa zachuma ndi zachuma. Kuyambira nthawi ya 2012, wogwira ntchito wamkulu wa bungwe la zachuma ndi Central Bank of Russia, omwe ali ndi magawo 51 mwa magawo. Pafupifupi magawo makumi anayi a magawo makumi asanu ndi awiri aliwonse ali ndi makampani akunja. Bungwe la zachuma limakhala ngati mgwirizano waukulu mu ndondomeko ya zachuma ya dziko ndi mmodzi wa akuluakulu a ngongole a boma.

Ziwerengero Zachiwerengero

Kutsala kwambiri kuti atchule ngati ndalama za makasitomala a Sberbank zingakhale zowonongeka. Ziwerengero za bungwe la zachuma zimalongosola za chitsogozo chabwino kwambiri cha zinthu. Kotero, pa March 1, 2015, chuma cha bungwechi chinapangidwa ndi ruble 21.945.67 miliyoni. Chizindikiro ichi chinatsogolera Sberbank kukhala malo oyamba pakati pa mabungwe ena a mabanki. Likulu la Institute, lomwe linawerengedwa molingana ndi miyezo ya Central Bank ya Russian Federation, ili ndi 2.224.53 biliyoni. Kuwonjezera pa ngongole ya ngongole, kukula kwake ndi ruble 14.970.52 biliyoni. Maudindo omwe anthu amtundu wa dziko ali nawo alipo 8.391.53 bln.

Kodi oyang'anira akunena chiyani?

Ngakhale kuti zovuta zachuma zikuchitika m'dzikoli, zipolopolo za ruble, zomwe Sberbank zakhala nazo pambuyo pa 1991, zikukonzekera kuti zilipidwe mu boma lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kale. Zapangidwira chaka chapitacho, ndondomeko ya zaka zitatu palibe yemwe angasinthe. Pulojekiti ya federal bajeti yaika ndalama zokwana mabiliyoni 50 a ruble chaka chilichonse kubwezera ndalama pakati pa 2014 ndi 2016. Pambuyo povomerezedwa ndi lamulo lokhudzana ndi kutetezedwa kwa ndalama zapakhomo, boma linkayenera kukhala ndi udindo wokwanira kubwezera ndalamazo, zomwe zinayenera kuzizidwa nthawi zonse pa kusintha kwa "Pavlovian" mu 1991. Malingana ndi chikalatacho, ndalamazo zinayenera kusandulika kukhala zotetezedwa.

Ngongole ya banki kuti ipereke ndalama

Ngongole ya boma, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama, mu 2012 inali ruble 27.7 trilioni. Chiwerengerochi chinalengezedwa ndi Ministry of Finance. Pakati pa 2005 mpaka 2011, malipiro anapangidwira kwa anthu a gulu linalake. Zonsezi, ma depositi a Sberbank adachepetsedwa ndi ruble 365.5 miliyoni. Kuyambira mu 1996, anthu a ku Russia analandira rubles 441.6 biliyoni.

Malamulo oyendetsera malipiro

Zigawo zowonjezera za Sberbank zidzaperekedwa pang'onopang'ono kufikira 2016. Malipiro adzapangidwa kwa anthu mpaka 1945 atabadwa. Ndalama zikhoza kupezedwa ndi olandira cholowa chachiwiri poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa katatu kuyambira mu 1991. Ngati kale wogula nyumbayo kapena oloŵa nyumba adzalandira malipiro ake, adzachotsedwa ku ngongole yaikulu ya boma. Ngati ndalamazo zinatsekedwa mwalamulo mu 1991 kuyambira pa June 20 mpaka 31 December, malipiro ake sali ovomerezeka.

Anthu okhala ku Russia, omwe anabadwa kuchokera mu 1946 mpaka 1991, adzalandira malipiro awo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo. Mtengo wa malipirowo udzawerengedwa payekha malinga ndi coefficient inayake, zimadalira nthawi yokhala. Ngati depositor adafa m'chaka cha 2001 mpaka 2014, ndipo ndalama zake zinali zoposa 400 rubles, olowa nyumba adzalandira kuchokera ku boma pafupifupi 6,000 rubles kuti azilipira maliro. Kuyambira chaka cha 2014, amalonda onse adzalandira ndalama mosasamala chaka cha kubadwa kwawo. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa maudindo a boma mwathunthu akukonzekera mu 2020.

Bwererani ku malamulo

Nzika za boma zomwe zimayembekeza malipiro, ziyenera kudziwa kuti zida za ruble Sberbank sizibwerera m'madera ena. Kukonzekera kwachuma sikungakhoze kuwerengera:

• Osowa maofesi ndi olowa nyumba awo, omwe amakhala m'dera la Russian Federation, alibe ubale.

• Otsitsa ndondomeko komanso oloŵa nyumba, omwe sakhala ku Russia kapena ali nzika za mayiko ena.

Malipiro pamabuku omwe anatsegulidwa m'madera omwe kale anali mamembala a USSR amachitidwa ndi maboma a mayiko omwewo komanso mogwirizana ndi malamulo ogwira ntchito m'gawo lawo. Chidziwitso cha malipiro a zowonongeka chimalowa mu bukhu losungirako ndalama. Kuchita mwachangu kwa maudindo awo kwa osungira ndalama kumawunikira ngati Sberbank ingawononge ndalama mu 2015, zopanda nzeru komanso zisanayambe.

Kodi banki ikupereka chiyani lero?

Sukulu ya zachuma ikupitiriza kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana osati ndalama zokhazokha zogulitsa ndalama ku Sberbank, komanso chifukwa cha ndalama za rubles. Ngakhale kuchepetsa mitengo, malonjezowo amakhala otsala kwambiri. Masiku ano, ogula malonda a zachuma ali ndi mwayi watsopano wa Sberbank:

• Kubwereranso . Chikhocho chimatsegulidwa mu euro, mu rubles ndi madola. Malipiro ochepa amachokera ku ruble 1000, madola 300 ndi 300 euro. Kutalika kwa gawoli kumakhala miyezi itatu kapena 12. Ngati mukufuna, ndalamazo zikhoza kubwezeretsedwa ndi ruble 1000, chifukwa cha $ 100 kapena euro, izo zimadalira ndalama. Kwa ndalama za ruble, 5% ikuperekedwa, kwa dola - 4.15%, kwa euro - 3.85%.
• Special . Kutalika kwa gawoli kumatenga zaka 3 mpaka 3. Chopereka chochepa ndi rubles zikwi makumi atatu, madola 1,000 kapena euro. Cholinga chokhudzidwa ndi ndalamayi ndi 4,85%, pa dola - 5.3%, pa euro - 4.75%.
• Kusonkhanitsa . Izi zimakhala ndi ndalama zochepa za rubles 30,000 pa 6%. Chidwi chomwecho chimasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalamazo ndi nthawi yake. Kutalika kwa gawoli ndi miyezi 24. Malipiro owonjezera kuchokera ku ruble 1000 amaloledwa.

Zopereka zatsopano zomwe zapangidwa ndi Sberbank wa Russia ndizopatsidwa ndalama ndi "Kupatsa moyo", ndalama zamitundu yambiri ndi chilengedwe chonse. Aliyense adzatha kupeza njira yabwino yopangira ndalama, koma ngati angavomereze mgwirizano, tidzakambirana nkhaniyi pansipa.

Zopindulitsa zopereka kwa anthu omwe amapita ku penshoni

Monga gawo la ndondomeko ya Sberbank, pali zokondweretsa kwambiri za anthu okalamba. Mungathe kutchula maofesi awiri:

• Pulogalamu ya rubles yomwe ili ndi chiwongoladzanja cha 6% . Malipiro osachepera ndi 1000 rubles, ndipo nthawi yomwe ndalamazo zimachokera zimachokera ku miyezi itatu mpaka zaka ziwiri. Simungathe kubweza ndalama kuchokera ku akaunti ndikubwezeretsani akauntiyo. Ngati mwayi wokonzanso akauntiyi ndi lotseguka, chidwi chopezeka pa dipatimentiyi ndi 5%.
• Pension kuphatikizapo . Ndalamayi ndi yokha kwa anthu omwe amapita ku penshoni omwe ali ndi ndalama zoyamba za 1 ruble komanso kuti akhoza kubwezeretsanso kuchokera ku 1 ruble. Chiwongoladzanja cha chiwongoladzanja ndi 3.85%. Nthawi yogwirizana ndi miyezi 36.

Ndalama zogulitsa ndalama, kapena mbali imodzi ya ndalama

Kwa zaka 10 zapitazi, mabungwe onse a mabanki apanga kusintha kwakukulu. Izi sizikukhudzanso chitukuko, komanso kuwonongeka. Mofananamo ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mautumiki osiyanasiyana, panali kutsekedwa ndi kusungidwa kwa mabungwe azachuma. Mabungwe omwe anatha kupulumuka masautso a 1998 ndi 2008, mu 2015, adapereka udindo wawo. Ntchito yowonjezereka imaika kulembetsa. Sberbank wa ku Russia amaikamo ndalama sizinapindule kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodalirika kuposa mabungwe ogulitsa malonda.

Bwanji za bet?

Ngati mukuyang'ana funso la kukula kwa mlingo monga bizinesi yakuyesera kuti akope mabungwe ambiri momwe angathere kuti apitirize, ndiye kuti Sberbank akutsutsana ndi chikhalidwe chake. Zinanenedwa kuti banki posachedwapa inadula mitengo kuti imuthandize. Izi zakhala zikukhumudwitsa kwambiri mabanki ndipo zinachititsa kuti anthu asakwiyire. Anthu amakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi funso ngati Sberbank ingawononge ndalama. Sitingapereke yankho losavuta pano, tikhoza kunena kokha kuti panthawi yomwe bungwe la zachuma likukwaniritsa zofuna zawo kwa makasitomala, ngakhale kuti pali zotsutsana. Potsutsana ndi zochitika za anthu osokonezeka, malingaliro olakwika omwe ali otchuka, ndi njira yabwino.

Nkhani yoipa

Sberbank, pokhala ngati mabanki odalirika a pakhomo, mbiri yake siikupatsa anthu ambiri ndalama kuti azikhala mwamtendere m'maganizo. Wowonjezeka mu 1991, zoperekazo zimakhudzidwa ndi anthu amasiku ano. Funso loti kaya ndalama zakunja zimalowetsa kapena ayi, aliyense akumva. Anthu akuda nkhaŵa za kubwereza mbiri. Komabe, mabungwe azachuma monga "Financial Initiative" ndi "PSA", "Finance ndi Credit" ndi "Terrabank" anasiya kwathunthu ntchito zawo chifukwa chosowa ndalama. Zochita zonse za boma ndi ogwira ntchito zogwira ntchito sizinapange zotsatira. Ngati mukuganiza zopereka zatsopano za Sberbank, muyenera kukumbukira kuti bungwe la zachuma limakhala ndi chithandizo cholimba cha boma. Iye sanasiye ntchito zake ndipo ngakhale lero akuyesera kukwaniritsa ntchito yake kwa othandizira akale.

Nthawi zina zosangalatsa

Ngati mukuyang'ana ziŵerengero, ndi Sberbank, ndalama za anthu omwe zimakhala zikuwonjezeka nthawi zonse, ndizowonjezereka komanso zosagwedezeka. Ngati kuli kosalekeza m'dzikoli, zomwe sizingatheke, bungwe la ndalama lidzatsekedwa kotsiriza. Pokhala ndi 51 peresenti ya magawo a kukhazikitsidwa, boma likuyesera kulichirikiza ndi mphamvu zake zonse, zimagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo ndalama zachinsinsi za Savings Bank ya 1991 zimalipidwa ngakhale lero pambuyo poyambitsanso ndalama zowonongeka. Pokonzekera mgwirizano ndi bungwe la zachuma, nkoyenera kumvetsera mfundo izi:

• Chiwongoladzanja, chomwe chiri dongosolo laling'ono kwambiri kuposa la zomangamanga.
• Ndizomveka kuti ndikugwiritse ntchito ndalama za Sberbank ndalama zokwana anthu zikwi mazana 700 za ruble, monga momwe zilili ndi bungwe la inshuwalansi.
• Ngati mukukonzekera ndalama pang'ono pakhomo ndi nthawi yaying'ono, ndi bwino kuzichita pang'onopang'ono. Kumeneko, ndipo chiwerengero ndi chapamwamba, ndipo kuthekera kwa bankruptcy mu kanthawi kochepa kwambiri kumakhala kosatchulidwa kwathunthu.

Kodi mabanki akukumana ndi mavuto otani lerolino?

Palibe zotsutsa zokhudzana ndi kulipira kwa ndalama ku bungwe la zachuma. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndalama zachitsulo za Sberbank zimaperekedwa mokwanira kuyambira 1991. Mavuto ang'onoang'ono angabwereke pochotsa ndalama zambiri, komanso ngakhale potsata malipiro, koma pambali yofunsira ndalama pasadakhale. Mu December 2015, makasitomala a banki adalandira uthenga wakuti ruble ndi ndalama zakunja zakunja zimawombera maholide. Bungwe la zachuma lidachitanso chimodzimodzi - linatseka kupeza mwayi kwa makasitomala awo kuyambira pa December 31 mpaka January 5. Pambuyo pa nthawi yapadera, ntchitoyi idabwezeretsedwa. Kusokoneza kotereku kwa bungwe la zachuma kunakakamizika kugwira chifukwa cha kuwononga ndalama kwakukulu, ndipo chisokonezo choterechi sizinthu zovuta. Kusokonezeka kwazing'onozing'ono kumagwira ntchito pa intaneti pa intaneti ndi m'munda wa kumasulira. Kuchedwa pozilandira malipiro ndi kuchepetsa kusamutsidwa kunadziwika. Pofuna kuikapo, palibe zonena za kayendetsedwe ka zachuma pa nthawi ino, choncho sikuyenera kulingalira mozama funso ngati ma depositi angakhale otentha.

Kodi zimakhala zotetezeka m'mabanki apakhomo?

Zonse zomwe zimapezeka mu mabanki apakhomo zimayang'aniridwa ndi Deposit Insurance Agency. Malingana ndi lamulo, aliyense amene ali ndi chiphaso ngati atha kubweza ndalama ku bungwe la zachuma akhoza kulandira malipiro a ndalama zikwi 700 za ruble ngati zopereka zili zofanana kapena zazikulu kuposa ndalamazo. Pali chidziwitso chomwe mwezi watha kuchuluka kwa inshuwalansi kulipira kaŵirikaŵiri ndipo panopa kuli ndalama zosachepera 1,400,000. Sizomveka kudandaula. Zonse za ndalama ndi ndalama zakunja ku Sberbank zimatetezedwa bwino ndi lamulo. Ngati mumaganizira zochitika zachuma pa dzikoli, muyenera kupewa kusunga ndalama zanu mu bungwe limodzi la ndalama, ngakhale lodalirika kwambiri. Kugawana ndalama zomwe zilipo pakati pa anthu akuluakulu a msika zimatha kusintha zoopsa. Ngakhalenso ngati ena atayika mabanki m'mabanki, chidwi chawo kwa ena chidzatsekeretsa zonse zotayika. Sberbank ikhoza kukhala mbali yoyenerera muzolowera zamalonda, koma osati malo okhawo okhudzidwa ndi ndalama zonse zaulere.