Mapangano mayiko pa kuteteza chilengedwe: Zitsanzo

Back mu 1902, Paris anali woyamba anamasula Act za chitetezo cha zomera - msonkhano kuti okhudza chitetezo cha mbalame, ntchito ulimi. nkhani Environmental tsopano makamaka pachimake mu miyoyo yathu. Koma vuto wakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. Choncho, mitundu yambiri asankha kuti pamodzi ndi kulenga mapangano mayiko pa kuteteza chilengedwe. Perekani zitsanzo za ena mwa iwo tidzatero m'nkhani ino.

Ramsar Convention

Cholinga cha pangano limeneli ndi malamulo chitetezo cha chilengedwe, komanso kuteteza chuma chathu dziko madambo aakulu. Mu chimango cha mapangano mayiko zachilengedwe anatengedwa mu 1971. Zimenezi zinachitika mzinda aku Iran la Ramsar. Msonkhanowu limafotokoza zinthu monga lililonse dziko kutenga mbali mu izo, ndi Committee Mayiko zingathandize kuteteza nzika za chilengedwe madambo aakulu:

• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa madambo aakulu kuteteza dziko m'mayiko onsewa.
• Kuzindikira kufunika kwake miyambo ndi chikhalidwe.
• Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zonse kukhalabe khalidwe madzi, nsomba, ulimi ndiponso zosangalatsa.
• Owongolera nawo pagulu motetezera.
• Kulimbikitsa nzeru ndi kuwongolera maphunziro m'munda wa chuma madambo aakulu.

Mamembala a Convention anapitiriza kazinji-kense m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kwa younikanso ndi kukula kwa njira chitetezo gwero. Mu 1987, mzinda Canada wa Regina (Saskatchewan) anali kukonzedwa.

Malamulo lamulo la mitundu

mgwirizano pa ntchito yokonza zosiyanasiyana kwachilengedwenso anavomerezedwa mu Rio de Janeiro, June 5, 1992 Izi pangano Multilaterial amanyamula ochepa zolinga zikuluzikulu zomwe kupita mu mapangano ena mayiko zachilengedwe. Zitsanzo zolinga izi:

• kusamala zosiyanasiyana kwachilengedwenso;
• ntchito zongowonjezwdwa zigawo zake;
• kwachilungamo kokwanila kugawana ubwino akuwuka kwa magwiritsidwe chuma chibadwa.

M'mawu ena, chinthu pangano ndi pokonza ndondomeko m'dziko lawo kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zosiyanasiyana kwachilengedwenso. msonkhano umenewu m'gulu mapangano mayiko zachilengedwe, zitsanzo zomwe zili mu nkhani. 2010 anapatsidwa u la International Chaka zachilengedwe.

Helsinki Convention

The Helsinki Convention Analeredwa pofuna kuteteza chilengedwe zamoyo Nyanja Baltic. Woyamba mgwirizano wa mayiko pa kuteteza chilengedwe mkati chimango ake Mukalowa mu 1974, mayiko monga Denmark, Finland, West ndi East Germany, Poland, Sweden ndi USSR, nakhala ogwira May 3, 1980 The msonkhano wachiwiri Mukalowa mu 1992 Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, European Union, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia ndi Sweden. Nawo mayiko, kutengera mgwilizano wa mayiko pa kuteteza chilengedwe, achita okha bungwe zinthu zonse zofunika popewa ndi kuchepetsa kuipitsa kuti muthandize kukonzanso bwino zachilengedwe nyanja ya Baltic. Komanso, akonzedwa a amayesetsa kupewa kapena kuchepetsa mavuto onse kwa malo a ngozi.

organic zoipitsa

Msonkhanowu yosainidwa ndi iwo mu 2001 Stockholm, nalowa mphamvu May 2004. Cholinga chake chinali kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa kupanga zoipitsa izi. mfundo za mapangano Environmental Protection Agency monga amafuna mayiko olemera kupereka ndalama zina ndi miyeso kuthetsa ulimi ndi ntchito pops mwadala kupangidwa ndi kuchotsa pops mwangozi umatulutsa, akudza chifukwa chakuchuluka ndi choyenera zinyalala.

Convention UN pa kusintha kwa nyengo (UNFCCC)

pangano, limene lalembedwa ndi m'mayiko oposa 180, anapangidwa pa "Earth Summit" mu 1992 ku Rio de Janeiro nalowa mphamvu pa March 21 1994. The M'chilamulo Convention - ndi chilengedwe pangano mayiko (panopa ndi yekhayo mayiko anagwirizana mfundo nyengo ndi umayenda waukulu), yomwe ikufotokoza Conference United Nations pa chilengedwe ndi Organization chitukuko (UNCED). cholinga chake ndi kukhazikitsa mlingo khola la mpweya woipa kuti sangalepheretse oopsa anthropogenic kusokonezedwa ndi dongosolo nyengo. Pangano yokha silipereka malamulo oletsa pa mpweya mpweya woipa kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana ndipo munalibe njira malamulo. Mu mwalamulo, msonkhano si kuvomerezedwa. M'malo mwake, pangano lili chimango kwa chilengedwe cha chikalata yapadera yokhala mapangano yeniyeni padziko lonse chitetezo cha chilengedwe (otchedwa ndondomeko), mungathe malire kuvomerezedwa pa mpweya mpweya woipa.

Kyoto Protocol kwa UNFCCC

Pambuyo kusainira mayiko UNFCCC membala anasonkhana msonkhano kuti akambirane mmene kukwaniritsa zolinga za mgwirizano. zokambirana Komanso inachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha Kyoto Protocol. Iye m'gulu mapangano mayiko pa kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kuyika mipherezero kuchepetsa umuna m'mayiko otukuka, amene amamanga pansi malamulo adziko lonse lapansi.

The Tizilombo Zida Convention (BWC)

Icho chinali choyamba Multilaterial Kusiya pangano kuti aletse limasuliridwe gulu lonse zida. Msonkhanowu chifukwa cha ntchito lalitali la mabungwe kulenga chikalata watsopano amene akhoza wodzilemekeza ndi 1925 Geneva Protocol (zimene pamapeto, amaletsa yekha ntchito koma suli wa mankhwala ndi zida zotere ndi kuchuluka kwawo). BWC ntchito kuperekedwa ndi la Britain, yosainidwa pa 10 April 1972 nalowa mphamvu pa March 26, 1975 Pamafunika 172 wa State chipani ngati December 2014 kuti limaletsa chitukuko, kupanga ndi stockpiling ya zida zotere ndi poizoni. Komabe, pakalibe boma iliyonse yotsimikizira ofunda zimasokoneza mphamvu la panganoli. Mwachidule za nkhani ya mgwirizano umenewu, tikhoza kunena izi:

1. Konse, zivute zitani, kupeza kapena kusunga zida zotere.
2. Kuwononga kapena achotse kwa zifuno za mtendere zida zotere ndi chuma nawo.
3. Choka kwa aliyense zida zotere, osati kuthandiza kupeza ndi kuteteza ake.
4. Kukhwimitsa iliyonse dziko koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya cha BWC domestically.
5. Funani bilaterally ndi multilaterally yokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito BWC.
6. Pangani zopempha mu Bungwe la UN Security kufufuza kuyan'anila ankaimbidwa wa Convention ndi kulemekeza zosankha zake wotsatira.
7. Kuthandiza States, pangozi chifukwa cha kuphwanya Tizilombo Zida Convention.
8. Kuyesetsa kulimbikitsa ntchito mtendere wa sayansi kwachilengedwenso ndi luso.

Pangano pa Chitetezo cha Zosamukasamuka Birds, 1918

chikalata chimenechi m'gulu mapangano mayiko zachilengedwe. Malinga hayala, iwo analengeza kuvutitsidwa mwachiphamaso kusaka, nsomba, kugwira, kupha kapena kugulitsa mbalame m'gulu izo (zosamukasamuka mbalame). The hayala silitchula kusiyana pakati pa amoyo ndi mbalame akufa, koma kumakhudzanso nthenga, mazira ndi zisa. Mu mndandanda wa pa 800 mitundu olembedwa.

Yatchula (MALO)

Yatchula - msonkhano, analemba mu 1973 ku Washington nalowa mphamvu pa 1 July 1975 pa malonda a zomera zakutchire ndi zinyama, amene tsopano ali pangozi kutha. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa yaikulu komanso wamkulu wa mapangano alipo mu mbiri. Msonkhano wa mayiko nthawi ndi oyang'anira malonda mitundu ina ya nyama ndi zomera. wapadera dongosolo pulogalamuyo wakhala akupangidwa amene akulamulira imports onse wolowa ndi kukonzanso zogulitsa kunja. Aliyense Party ku Convention ndi kulenga thupi limodzi (kapena zambiri) kulamulira, amene adzakhala ndi udindo oyang'anira za dongosolo pulogalamuyo, komanso osachepera thupi limodzi sayansi upo pa zotsatira za malonda pa mitundu yeniyeni ya nyama kapena zomera. Amatetezedwa ndi Sites- pafupifupi 5,000 mitundu ya nyama ndi mitundu 29.000 zomera. Aliyense wa iwo angapezeke mu alumikiza ku Convention, komanso mlingo wa Ambuye kuwopsa ndi malire chifukwa malonda.

mapangano mayiko pa kuteteza chilengedwe ku Russia

Mu dziko lathu, timakwaniritsa miyeso zofunika kusunga bwino zachilengedwe. Russia, monga maiko ena amachirikiza mapangano mayiko zachilengedwe. Perekani zitsanzo izi: 1979 - Msonkhano Air lowononga mpweya (mtanda malire), 1992 - Convention, amene amateteza ku kuipitsa Nyanja Black, kuyambira 2011 - za Organic zoipitsa, ndi ena ambiri.