Maphunziro ndakatulo. Kodi ode?

Ancient Greece amadziwika mabuku chachikulu ake, zomangamanga, zosemasema ndi njira zina luso. Kuyambira kale, anthu anapereka zokonda kwambiri kwa lyrics, zimene zimachizidwa limodzi ndi nyimbo. Lero, aliyense wa ife akudziwa chimene ode, koma koposa kamodzi tidamva ndakatulo wapadera ndi olemba otchuka. Mu mabuku akale a mtundu wanyimbo a nyimbo akulemekezedwa ndi kuyang'ana msonga ya luso. Pakuti am'deralo anali choral ode nyimbo ndi grandiloquence ake mwachizolowezi, chofunika. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kumva izo pa mpikisano Mwachitsanzo, polemekeza wopambana wa.

Aroma wolemba wotchuka anali Horace. Iye MOKHOZA anafotokoza maganizo onse ndi maganizo, komanso ntchito mu ntchito zake zinthu andakatulo Aeolian. Wolemba walenga magulu odes, umene panthawi imeneyo anali kutchedwa "nyimbo." Horace mwaluso ndinazolowera ntchito zake zonse Latin ndi ntchito Alcaic. N'chifukwa chake ndi ode, nyimbo anthu anali pafupifupi mtengo womwewo. Kenako, mu nyengo Baroque, iwo anali kutchedwa "m'nyimbo zikuchokera" imene zinalengedwa kalembedwe mkulu ndi ndime yakale yoyendera.

Zojambula ku Russia

Vesi (ode) ankaona chilengedwe chochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Mu masiku oyambirira a mabuku Russian, olemba ambiri ayesa kupanga izo zenizeni. Zikuphatikizapo MV Lomonosov, AS Pushkin, Nekrasov ndi ena ambiri. Iwo anali makamaka ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa mfumukazi wokonda moyo. Pa funso zimene ode, pali lophweka Yankho: mogometsa, ndakatulo mtundu wanyimbo, limene ndakatulo amene ali wodzipereka kwa munthu kapena chochitika. kalembedwe ndi melodic kwambiri, ngakhalenso, anasangalala.

Mbiri ya chitukuko cha ode ndi

Akukhulupirira kuti zachilendo zolembalemba mtundu wanyimbo anaonekera mu 500 BC. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ntchito yotero lolembedwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo wakale Greece Pindar. Kenako sanadziwe kuti zimenezi ode, ndi wangoyiimba mafumu, olemekezeka, milungu. Only mkubwela kwa European classicism tanthauzo lenileni la ndakatulo wakhala anafotokoza. Woyambitsa wa ku mtundu wanyimbo lyric akuti ndi F. Malebr. Pa moyo wake, apasa boma France. ntchito yake anapitiriza wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka Zh. Zh. Russo. Mu Russia, kuti ndi ode, analengeza VA Trediakovskii.

mitundu ndakatulo

Nthawi zambiri, ndakatulo anali mtundu wanyimbo wapadera, koma pali moralizing, ndiponso chifukwa cha chikondi nyimbo. Aliyense wa iwo lakonzedwa kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zenizeni, ndiye wowerenga kapena kumvetsera ayenera kumva kwina. Choncho ndakatulo monga limalangiza munthu kuti njira yoyenera, kapena akuyesera kuti akauze maganizo anga. Pa nthawi ina amawaona kuti ode wotchuka wokondedwa wake. Kumene, ndime izi zinali kwa womvera chimodzi chokha (wowerenga) - munthu amene anasankhidwa, dona za mtima. Zinalembedwa ndi maganizo amenewa, chikondi chimenecho, ankaganiza akhoza kusungunula ayezi mu moyo wamunthu, kapena kukakamiza kuti akulekelere zolakwa. Masiku ano odes angapezeke kawirikawiri, koma iwo ali monga kwambiri. Kumene, ndakatulo ndi BC, zimakhala zodabwitsa ndi wapadera, koma mabuku atsopano ndi zonse zodabwitsa.