Mapiri pafupifupi kutalika ndi zitsanzo. mapiri gulu

Mapiri ndi osiyana: amisinkhu, miyala ndi mosabisa, kupolopodobnymi ndi zisonga. Ena a iwo yokutidwa ndi nkhalango zowirira, pamene ena - opanda moyo a miyala placers. Koma m'nkhani ino tikambirana za msinkhu wawo. Kodi mapiri ambiri ndi amene amaonedwa kukhala mkulu?

Phiri mawonekedwe a mpumulo

Choyamba m'pofunika kuti ayankhe funso la chimene phiri. Umenewu ndi zabwino mpumulo, yodziwika ndi lakuthwa mosavuta zochotsa m'deralo. Chisoni chilichonse bwino kunachokera zinthu zitatu:

• pamwamba;
• chopondapo mapazi;
• otsetsereka.

dongosolo lililonse phiri la dziko - si kanthu koma dongosolo kuipidwa wa zigwa (ufa) ndi zitunda, wopangidwa mwa ambiri mfundo payekha. Onsewo ndi mawonetseredwe kunja mphamvu mkati (amkati) Dziko Lapansi - kayendedwe tectonic crustal ndi ntchito chiphala.

Mapiri kulenga padziko malo ambiri okongola ndi wapadera dziko lathu. Iwo yodziwika ndi mtundu wa chivundikiro nthaka, nyama ndi zomera wapadera. Koma anthu kuthetsa m'mapiri zikuwavuta kwambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pafupifupi 50% ya anthu onse padziko lapansi amakhala pamalo okwera osati choposa mamita 200 pamwamba pa nyanja.

mapiri gulu mu geomorphology. Mountain ambiri, otsika ndi mkulu

The sayansi geomorphological kuti m'kagulu mapiri angapo malo :. Age, kutalika, malo lawolawo la Genesis, mawonekedwe a pamwamba, etc ..

Malinga ndi chiyambi awo akhale tectonic, mapiri denudation wa m'badwo - wachikulire kapena wamng'ono. Ndipo achinyamata ndi kachitidwe kamodzi phiri, mapangidwe zimene ziri zaka zosakwana 50 miliyoni. Kumbali Geological zaka ochepa.

Mawonekedwe a pamwamba ake pa phiri ndi:

• ananena;
• mzikiti;
• yachonde ngati ( "Mpambo").

Msinkhu pamwamba pa nyanja, geographers kusiyanitsa phiri:

• zidzachepetsedwa;
• sing'anga;
• mkulu.

Nthawi zina m'mabuku angapezeke ndi mitundu wapakatikati mkulu-nyamuka, monga pakati kapena sing'anga mapiri m'munsi mkulu. Mwakucimbidza Dziwani kuti mapiri utali wapakatikati angapezeke mu gawo lirilonse la dziko. Komabe, ambiri a iwo mu Europe ndi Asia.

Middle Phiri: Zitsanzo ndi kutalika

mamita 8848 - chizindikiro nditafika pachimake lapamwamba pa dziko - Qomolangma, kapena Everest. Kutalika mtheradi wa mapiri sing'anga zambiri wodzichepetsa: 1 mpaka 3 Km pamwamba pa nyanja.

Zitsanzo otchuka ranges ngati phiri - ichi ndi Carpathians, Appalachian mapiri, Tatras, Apennines, Pyrenees, Scandinavia ndi Drakensberg mapiri, Australia Alps, ndi Stara Planina. Pali mapiri a ku Central mkati Russia. Awa ndi mapiri a Ural, kum'mawa Sayan, Kuznetsk Alatau, Sikhote-Alin (onani chithunzi m'munsimu) ndi ena.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa mapiri sing'anga - kuli mabacteria altitudinal. Ndiko kuti, zomera ndi malo zikusintha ndi kutalika.

Carpathians

Carpathians - waukulu kukula European dongosolo phiri kuphimba m'mayiko eyiti. Akatswiri, kufotokoza chiyambi cha dzina lake, anazindikira kuti dzina la malo ali mizu m'mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi anamasuliridwa kuti "miyala", "thanthwe".

Carpathians kutambasula mu Arc ndi theka makilomita zikwi ku Czech Republic ku Serbia. Ndipo chimbuzi cha ichi osiyanasiyana phiri lili pa dera la Slovakia (phiri, Gerlachovský Peak, 2654 m). Mfundo chidwi: pakati pa Alps ndi chimathandiza kum'maŵa ya Carpathians - makilomita 15 okha.

Karpaty - mapiri wamng'ono. Iwo anapangidwa Cenozoic. Komabe, maphunziro awo yosalala ndi waulemu kuti kwambiri khalidwe la akale zaka nyumba za miyala. Izi zingathe kufotokozedwa ndi chakuti Carpaty advantageously zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo miyala zofewa (choko, miyala, ndi dongo).

dongosolo mapiri chidagawika patatu makonzedwe: Western, Eastern (kapena Chiyukireniya) ndi Kumwera Carpathians. Komanso mu kapangidwe kake zikuphatikizapo Transylvanian Plateau. Carpathian mapiri amasiyana mwachilungamo mkulu seismicity. Apa ndi otchedwa zone ya Vrancea, amene "umabala" chivomezi mfundo 7-8.

Appalachians

Geomorphology limatchedwa Appalachians zofanana amapasa wa Carpathians. Mu maonekedwe iwo alibe amasiyana kwambiri Chrixitu. Appalachian mapiri zili kum'mawa kwa North America, mwa maiko awiri (US ndi Canada). Iwo kutambasula ku Gulf of St. Lawrence ku Gulf of Mexico kum'mwera. The okwana kutalika kwa mapiri - pafupifupi 2,500 makilomita.

Ngati Carpathians European - mapiri aang'ono, American Appalachians - mankhwala a kale Hercynian ndi Caledonian orogeny. Zinapangidwa za miliyoni 200-400 zaka zapitazo.

Appalachian mapiri ali olemera mu zinthu zosiyanasiyana mchere. Apa wolemera mkuwa, asibesitosi, mafuta, chitsulo miyala. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ili m'dera lamapiri amadziwikanso zambiri amatchedwa mbiri "lamba mafakitale" wa US.

Australia Alps

Iwo likukhalira kuti Alps osati mu Europe. Anthu kakang'ono ndipo driest Africa, nawonso kupita kukwera mu Alps weniweni. Koma mu Australia!

osiyanasiyana Izi phiri ili kum'mwera m'dzikoli. Apa ndi pamene chimbuzi lonse Australia - phiri Kosciuszko (2228 m). Ndipo m'mbali mwa mapiri amenewa anayambitsa mtsinje yaitali kwambiri Africa - ndi Murray.

Alps Australia modabwitsa osiyanasiyana mu mawu malo. Mu mapiri amenewa mungapeze ndi chofewa chili pamwamba nsonga ndiponso m'zigwa wobiriwira, ndi nyanja ndi madzi bwino. Otsetsereka m'mapiri chokongoletsedwa ndi chongoyerekeza maonekedwe miyala. The Alps Australia ndi angapo wowoneka malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndipo pogwiritsa kwambiri ski.

pomaliza

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe phiri ambiri, ndipo kodi - n'zambiri. Geomorphology mitundu itatu ya kachitidwe phiri msinkhu. mapiri sing'anga ndi kutalika kwa mamita 1000 ndi 3000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Carpathian Mapiri, Appalachian mapiri, ndi Alps Australia - ichi ndi chitsanzo chapadera cha ranges ngati phiri dziko.