Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa chinenero zolembalemba

chinenero mabuku ndi mtundu wa kukhalako nedialektnuyu (subsystem) wa chiyankhulo cha Amalawi, amakhala ndi zinthu zina. Zikuphatikizapo codification, normative, stylistic zosiyanasiyana, multifunctionality, ndi mkulu kutchuka m'deralo, mwa okamba ake.

M'nkhaniyi tiona zizindikiro za chinenero mabuku, ntchito zake, komanso mfundo yokha, katundu ndi tanthauzo.

The chinenero mabuku ndi chida chachikulu kuti makamaka zimatenga zosowa za media kulankhulana chikhalidwe. Iye ankatsutsa ena, si codified subsystems - m'zilembo, m'tauni wamba (mwa kulankhula kwina - m'tawuni Koine), komanso jargon chikhalidwe ndi akatswiri.

njira ziwiri za liwulo maganizo

chilankhulo zolembalemba monga mfundo zingadziŵike ndi maonekedwe zinenero zimene chibadidwe subsystem ili la chinenero dziko, komanso kudzera Kudulidwa Kwamalile A Malo kuchotsedwa anthu amene ali ndi subsystem ichi, kulekanitsa izo kwa thupi onse a okamba za chinenero. Origin - zinenero mtima njira, ndipo chachiwiri - sociological.

chinenero mabuku ku mawonedwe a V. V. Vinogradova

Ku maganizo a vv Vinogradov, chinenero mabuku ndi chinenero chimene kwalembedwa anthu ena kapena zingapo. Ndiko kuti, zikuphatikizapo chinenero cha mawonetseredwe onse chikhalidwe makamaka yekha kulemba, koma nthawi zina pakamwa, komanso mabuku, utolankhani, sayansi, kulemba ndi kulankhulana tsiku ndi tsiku, sukulu, nduna ndipo zikalata malonda. Choncho zosiyanasiyana mawonekedwe ake ngati pakamwa-olankhulidwa ndi olembedwa-buku.

maunso zokhudza lingaliro ili

Mawu akuti amagwirizana mu chiyambi chake ndi liwu monga "Books" ndi kumvetsetsa tanthauzo etymological kuti zachokera "kalata", umene uli pa kalatayo. Choncho, kwalembedwa chinenero. Ndithudi, ngati tikambirana chinenero cha Ages Middle tidzakhala kulankhula za chinenero mabuku, malemba limodzi ndi cholinga zolembalemba. Zizindikiro zina za chinenero mabuku anachokera ku tanthauzo ndi mawu akuti Choncho, ngati kukhala bwino ndi zomveka.

Magawo pa nkhani mawu osiyanasiyana, kunena zowona, basi kufuna kutuluka mu impasse maganizo ofunda: zizindikiro cilamulo angaloledwe analemekeza kwa zinthu zilipo, ndipo anatsimikiza ndi mtima mwa iwo. Zizindikiro za chinenero zolembalemba tidzakambirana mwa ife pansipa.

chilankhulo zolembalemba ngati ntchito ya dziko

La matanthauzo ambiri yoyenera kwambiri ndi kuthandauza ngati ntchito ya chiyankhulo cha Amalawi. Ie zolembalemba - si mtundu wa ntchito ya chinenero cha Chirasha, osati osiyana, chinenero palokha. Kudziwa zimenezi zikugwirizana ndi mwambo sayansi, anatsimikiza ndi njira zakale kwa kusanthula chinenero mabuku. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kutanthauzira izi anafotokoza kukhalapo ndi chitukuko cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Cultural kulankhula," monga wolungama mwa kuli chinenero zolembalemba monga liwu. Ndipotu yamasika mawonekedwe okha a kuli dziko (national) chinenero, osati kulankhula m'njira yopapatiza mawu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mitundu ina kunadetsa m'malo mwa kukulitsa "chikhalidwe", wosankhidwa wa mitundu zinenero monga anayamba Kapangidwe ka chilankhulo, ndi okhutira yaikulu ya ndondomeko mbiri.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa chinenero zolembalemba ayankhidwa pansipa. Tsopano tiyeni tinene mawu ochepa za ntchito chinenero.

Multifunctionality chinenero Russian

Lingaliro ndi maonekedwe a chinenero zolembalemba zichokera kwa ntchito zake. Aliyense chinenero mokwanira anayamba ali mitundu iwiri yaikulu ya cholinga cha ntchito: moyo chinenero ndi chinenero. kulankhula Kukamba ife amaphunzira kuyambira ali mwana. Kukula kwa mitundu wachiwiri amapezeka mosalekeza moyo ndi chitukuko anthu, mpaka atakalamba.

Chirasha lero ndi Mipikisano zinchito, kuti ntchito muzochitika yosiyanasiyana ya zochita za anthu. Zimagwirira ntchito kusiyanitsidwa ndi njira chinenero zolembalemba (galamala, mawu). ntchito chinenero zimadalira mtundu wa kulankhulana. Mu chinenero mabuku (zizindikiro za Chirasha zolembalemba, mudzapeza m'munsimu), pali awiri chachikulu ntchito yofanana: buku ndi kulankhula. Choncho, buku la kuoneka ndipo chimalankhulidwa. Mu mawu, pali masitaelo atatu a katchulidwe: pulaimale, ndale wathunthu.

Chuma chachikulu, amene amadziwika ndi chinenero zolembalemba - luso kusunga malemba ndiko kutumikira monga njira kulankhulana pakati pa mibadwo yosiyana.

Nchito ake ambiri, komanso zizindikiro, malamulo a chinenero mabuku, iwo kukhala zovuta kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha anthu.

The otsogolera a chinenero zolembalemba

Mwa mitundu ina amene asunga mu chiyankhulo cha Amalawi (m'zilembo chikhalidwe ndi dera lawo, colloquialisms, jargon), ndi muyezo chinenero wakhala zatenganso mbali. Iye amanena za njira yabwino mayina a zinthu ndiponso mfundo, mawu maganizo ndi malingaliro. Pali zimachitika mosalekeza pakati pa iwo ndi mitundu ina ya chinenero, colloquial. Colloquially izo akuwonekera bwino kwambiri.

Choncho, chinenero mabuku ndi maziko a chikhalidwe wathu wa kulankhula, komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba kuli chiyankhulo cha Amalawi. Ndi ntchito atolankhani, maphunziro, mabuku ndi chikhalidwe. Ali muzochitika zosiyanasiyana zochita za anthu: sayansi, ndale, kulankhulana boma-malonda, malamulo, mayiko, mogwirizana chikhalidwe TV, mabuku komanso wailesi.

Zizindikiro za chinenero zolembalemba

Kuchokera akuti ife kumvetsa. Ife tsopano onani mbali yaikulu ya chinenero mabuku. kukhazikika izi (ie bata), amangomvera (chifukwa ndi chinenero chimene wakhala kuchizidwa ambuye osiyanasiyana mawu: asayansi, olemba ndakatulo, olemba, kanjedza anthu), Madongosolo a anthu onse amene ali kuchigwiritsa, pamaso pa ena masitaelo zinchito, komanso normalization. Pano pali mbali yofunika kwambiri chinenero mabuku.

normalization

Normalization ndi ndithu njira ya mawu, kumene kumasonyeza chito mbiri yeniyeni ya chitukuko cha chinenero mabuku. Mbali imeneyi zachokera kwambiri dongosolo chinenero, wotetezedwa zitsanzo zabwino Zomwe analemba. Dekhetsa akafuna akuti amakonda gawo ophunzira a anthu. Monga malamulo ena a mawu, ulamuliro n'kofunika kusunga umphumphu wa chinenero dziko ndi chomvetsetseka, kuti mufotokoze mfundo mibadwo. Ngati kulibe chinenero zingachitike kusintha kumeneku, chifukwa moyo mu madera osiyana a dziko lathu, anthu sapitiriza pomvetsetsana.

Amangomvera ndipo codification

Zizindikiro za chinenero mabuku amagwiritsidwa ankachitira ndi codification. Amangomvera amaoneka ngati chifukwa cha kusankha, ndi akulimbana, zonse zabwino zimene zili mwa iye. Kuyamba zimachitika ndi ntchito chiyankhulo cha Amalawi, chifukwa cha kafukufuku ikuchitika ndi kanjedza anthu, asayansi ndi akatswiri a zinenero.

Codification zikutanthauza zikayamba ya malamulo ake mu mabuku ambiri a sayansi. Iwo anafotokoza pamaso pa otanthauzira yoyenera galamala, ndi mabuku ena, amene ali ndi malamulo momwe ntchito chinenero.

Zizindikiro chinenero mabuku M'pofunikanso kwambiri.

zizindikiro zina

Chizindikiro zosiyanasiyana stylistic akusonyeza pamaso pa masitaelo ambiri zinchito.

chinenero mabuku ndi ofanana ndi amakhala ndi kufala kwa miyambo zogwirizana kudya ndi mwayi dongosolo la chinenero.

Takambirana mbali yaikulu ya Chirasha zolembalemba. Vuto lina lalikulu la chikhalidwe kulankhula ndi chitetezo chilichonse, komanso malamulo ake, chifukwa chinenero zolembalemba chimagwirizanitsa mtundu wonse linguistically. Udindo waukulu polenga nthawi zonse wa gawo zapamwamba za anthu.

Kodi kukhala chinenero muyezo?

Ndithudi chinenero zolembalemba ayenera kuzindikiridwa ndi onse, monga athe kuzindikira mamembala onse a anthu. Iye ayenera choncho anayamba kukhala wotumikira muzochitika chachikulu cha zochita za anthu. Nkofunika kusunga mawu lexical, galamala, ndi aktsentologicheskie kutchula malamulo chinenero. Choncho ndi vuto lalikulu kwa akatswiri a zinenero, ndi kulingalira watsopano uliwonse, zikuoneka mu chinenero mabuku, pa kaonedwe ka kugwilizana ake ndi zizolowezi ambiri chitukuko chinenero, komanso mulingo woyenera zinthu zinchito.

The olondola ndi zolondola, kusiyana kumakhaladi angakwanitse kwambiri kumvetsa zimene okongola ndi limaonetseratu, wamkulu bwanji wowerenga kapena kumvetsera. Kufotokoza zokongola ndi molondola, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena maganizo (a umboni, akuyambira), komanso malamulo a chinenero mabuku, umodzi wa kalembedwe, kusamalira euphony, kupewa kubwereza.

Zinthu zofunika za katchulidwe ka chinenero mabuku Russian anayamba pamaziko a m'zilembo chapakati Russia, phonetics awo. Lero, kupanikizidwa ndi dekhetsa, m'zilembo zolembalemba anawonongedwa.