Mavuto - ndichiyani?

Masiku ano, ofalitsa ambiri azipereka mawu akuti "mavuto". Ndi chiyani icho? Akatswiri zimaonetsa boma la chuma monga mmodzi wa magawo mkombero chuma (mavuto, kawirikawiri akutsatiridwa ndi nyengo ya kukula). Kwa nthawi yoyamba zikatero unaonekera mu United States pa Great Depression (oyambirira 30 ntchentche za m'ma lomaliza). Izo zinayambitsa mantha m'misika, ndi kugwa kwa ogwidwa, mbewu kutsekedwa, kusamuka kwa anthu kumkhalidwe wina ndi mzake, ndi ena. Kuyambira pamenepo, recessions mobwerezabwereza, onse a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi mu chuma padziko lonse wonse.

tanthauzo

Mavuto. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza chiyani lero? The tanthauzo tingachipeze powerenga akusonyeza kuti zinthu recessive, ambiri, ndi yafotokozedwera kugwa mankhwala aakulu m'banja. Nayenso, limanenedwa ngati mtengo wa katundu opangidwa ndi mabizinezi wokhala dzikolo yotsiriza ntchito. Pa anayendera pafupi ofunitsitsa ndi zinthu monga: udindo ndi mphamvu ya chitukuko cha mafakitale zofunika, mlingo wa mankhwala katundu, voliyumu ya nkhani ya masheya a issuers osiyanasiyana, ntchito ndi ena.

Mavuto. Kodi izo kwa mawonedwe njira zakale ndi oyembekezera? Amaganiza kuti zimenezi zingachitike pamene kukula kwambiri mfundo munthu mowa. Makampani, nayenso, motsogozedwa ndi iwo, atagona ntchito zawo kuwonjezeka, ndipo mabanki kupereka ngongole kwa iwo. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali chizolowezi kuchepa dzuwa lenileni la makampani. Kulemera anthu zimawonedwa bwino pokhala kuti iwo alibe udachita, ndipo, pamene izo zinali, analandira ngongole likuvutika m'tsogolo. Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, ichi "piramidi zoyembezereka" ayamba kugwa.

Kaya pali mavuto kapena ayi?

The mavuto mu Russia (2013) pa malo ofunda sanabwere, ndiye. A. Pa n'kulemba loyamba GDP kwa chaka chowululidwa pamwamba mlingo kukula kwa 1.3%. Koma mu nthawi iyi, mbali yaikulu chuma (malonda yogulitsa ndi ritelo, zomangamanga, kutumiza, kupanga ndi migodi kupanga migodi , ulimi) unkachitika kuchepa ntchito (kutenga nkhani seasonality, komanso zikhalidwe akumane ofala mu ulimi).

Mavuto. Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti nzika pafupifupi kapena bizinesi? udindo ofanana zachuma pafupifupi nthawi zonse kudula kufunika ogula chiwerengero cha ntchito amachepetsa wowonjezera mitengo kufufuma. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kutenga ngongole kapena ntchito zawo. Mbali ya zinthu chonse m'dziko lathu chifukwa mavuto padziko lonse, T. Kwa. Russia ndi mbali ya dziko, kotero izo zimakhudza m'mbuyo kufunika kwa ogula yachilendo mankhwala.

Kudzatenga nthawi ndi njira yatsopano

Kukula kwa ulova mu Russian Federation (kwa anthu miliyoni yololedwa mwalamulo), kuchepetsa mlingo wa kukula ndalama munthu (kuchokera 8.4% kwa chaka 4.8 peresenti) - uyu ndi zimene mavuto mu chuma Russian mu 2013. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti chikhalidwe si pachimake, ndipo nthawi yamavuto kwa Russia sanabwere. Komabe, kuchokera waulesi kuchepa zizindikiro zachuma kudzakhala kovuta, ndi ndondomeko zimenezi zidzachitika nthawi yokwanira.