Zida za mfundo ndalama

mfundo Monetary umalimbana kukhazikitsa miyezo kuti atengedwa ndi boma m'dera ubale ndalama ndi ngongole ndi view lamulo njira zachuma. Wotsogolera kukhazikitsa ndi gombe lapadera. malamulo lokha ikuchitika mu magawo awiri. Gawo loyamba - banki chapakati umakhudza magawo a dera ndalama. Chachiwiri siteji - magawo kudzudzulidwa zimafalitsidwa mu gawo kupanga. The chifukwa cha kuphedwa ogwira masitepe awa adzakhala mtendere wa bwino chuma, mlingo ulova ndi otsika kwambiri, mtengo wolimba misinkhu ndi bwino khalidwe la dziko la bwino. Patsogolo pa kukwaniritsa chikhalidwe bwino chuma m'dziko lililonse ndi mtendere mtengo mlingo.

The zipangizo waukulu mfundo ndalama ayenera zimakhudza njira zonse ndalama dziko monga ndi levers mwachindunji (kapena utsogoleri) ndi mosadziwika (kapena chuma). Izi zikupezeka mu ulamuliro wa boma la zowonetsera ndalama, ngati bwino malipiro a dziko.

Zida Administrative mfundo ndalama ndi mawonekedwe malamulo, malangizo ndi malangizo kuti uyenera kubwera kuchokera ku Central ndi kusintha malire chiwongola dzanja, komanso issuance wa ngongole. Control pa malire a chiwongola dzanja ikuchitika ndi kudziwa malire a chidwi ngongole ndi chiwongola dzanja gawo ndi mitengo pa madipoziti ndalama.

Kuchepetsa buku la ntchito ngongole, amapereka kukhazikitsidwa kwa malire chapamwamba nkhani ngongole. Mfundo imeneyi amadziwika ndi pansi pa dzina ili - "ngongole denga". M'mawu ena, chiwerengero cha ngongole operekedwa ndi gawo la ku banki amasonyeza ngongole denga. Malamulo chimodzimodzi voliyumu ndi mlingo wa kukula ngongole unakhazikitsidwa kuti mabanki onse malonda. Nthawi zina malire ngongole wayikidwa okha kumabungwe ena a zachuma ndipo amadziwika monga kusankha ulamuliro ngongole. Njira imeneyi imagwira ya kusintha malire likukhudza malire zolemba mbiri ndi malire ngongole pa mowa.

zida Direct mfundo ndalama zimathandiza pa nthawi ya ngongole mavuto a dongosolo, komanso msika underdeveloped zoweta ndalama. drawback yawo yaikulu ndi kulimbikitsa outflow la ndalama mu "mthunzi" ndi kunja.

zida kutsimikizira mfundo ndalama monga: kusintha chiwongola dzanja, atakhala voliyumu ya nkhokwe chofunika, ndipo kukhazikitsa kwa maopareshoni otsegula msika.

Imodzi mwa njira oyambirira nawo lamulo ubale ndalama, ankaona kuti kusintha mu mlingo kuchotsera. Kwenikweni ake tichipeza mu kumamukopa chapakati banki liquidity kuti mabanki ena ndi akukhudzidwira ndalama m'munsi. Pankhaniyi, pansi liquidity wa tiyenera kumvetsetsa luso mabanki zosiyanasiyana mawonekedwe a chuma m'nthawi yake kuchita chiwombolo onse udindo wake ndalama.

The zipangizo waukulu ndondomeko ya ndalama kuwayang'anira banki liquidity, ndipo zikuphatikiza mtima kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe chofunika. Mfundo zimenezi ndi zofunika kuonetsetsa chobwezera cha madipoziti makasitomala likhoza kulephera banki. Banki chapakati anapereka nambala inayake ya malamulo nkhokwe chofunika. Mwachitsanzo, kuonjezera ndalama za anthu m'mphepete chapakati zakonzedwa mitengo kuchepetsa madipoziti ndi zopereka kochepa kwa nthawi ndi apamwamba - chifukwa madipoziti akumufuna.

Anafotokoza zida kutsimikizira mfundo ndalama kukhudzanso pamlingo ndi dongosolo la ntchito ya ngongole. ntchito zawo ndi amadza othandiza pa dongosolo ankalamulira, kupanda maonekedwe muulamuliro disparities awo pa ndondomeko ya zachuma.

Zochokera kumwamba, tinganene kuti zida zonse za mu ndondomeko ya ndalama zizikhala levers cha mphamvu zachuma kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino zazikulu za citukuko.