Mbalame Flightless. Mundandanda wa mbalame flightless

Birds kuti akhoza kuuluka, zazindikirika ngati zachilendo, monga nyama, kuyenda, nsomba kapena osakhala osambira. Chifukwa mu nkhani iyi, muyenera mapiko zolengedwa izi, ngati iwo sangathe kuukitsa ndege? Komabe, padziko lathuli, pali magulu lonse zolengedwa. Ena moyo mu savannah yotentha African, winayo - m'mphepete achisanu a Antarctica, ndi wachitatu - pa zilumba za ku New Zealand.

oyamba

Ngati Tikayerekeza mitundu yonse ya mbalame zimene zilipo pa dziko lathuli, mbalame flightless zatenga gawo kakang'ono poyerekezera ndi Flyers lapansi. N'chifukwa chiyani tikutero? Chinthu ndi luso kuuluka amawathandiza kupulumuka mu dziko zinyama. Mapiko osati kupulumutsa mbalame zolusa, komanso mpata chakudya chawo. Choncho, kukafunafuna mbalame chakudya angathe kugonjetsa ataliatali, ndipo zambiri yabwino kuposa balalabalala padziko lonse kufufuza zakudya. Komanso, Flyers angamange zisa zawo kwa maphunziro wa ana pa msinkhu ndithu, kupanga anapiye sadzatha kukwaniritsa mdani woopsa. Iwo likukhalira kuti mbalame zimatha kuuluka, ndi zosavuta kuti akhale ndi moyo nkhanza pansi pa dzina la "zinyama". Luso limeneli awathandiza kukhala m'kalasi yachiwiri yaikulu ya inakhala. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza mlandu mitundu okwana 8,500 osiyanasiyana mbalame, nyama, koma mitundu 4,000 zokha. Ngati ndege ndi mbalame amenewo njira zofunika kupulumuka, chifukwa ena mwa iwo alibe luso limeneli? Monga ndinazolowera kupulumuka mbalame flightless? Zitsanzo tikambirana pansipa. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mbalame imeneyi molawirira kwambiri timatha kuuluka, koma m'kupita kwa kusanduka ataya luso limeneli. Chabwino, tiyeni tione chimene chimapanga zolengedwa zachilendo.

mbalame Flightless: mndandanda

1. Pingvinoobraznye. Zilombozi ndi gawo lalikulu la moyo wawo madzi. Chifukwa cha zamoyo wa mapiko awo kusinthidwa ndi amafanana zipsepse chifukwa zomwe akhala osambira kwambiri.
2. Ratite. Nthiwatiwa - ndi yaikulu ukuuluka mbalame. Ndi kuchisenza kuwuluka. Kukweza m'mwamba kwambiri zimatenga mapiko aakulu, motero, ndi mapiko minofu ziyenera kukhala ankawonjezereka ndi mphamvu.
3. Nanduobraznye. Chiŵerengero airfoil mapiko ndi kukula thupi la mbalame izi ndi kumenyedwa ngakhale kwambiri mapiko sadzaukitsa mu mlengalenga.
4. Casuariiformes. Nthawi zambiri izi pamodzi ndi ratite detachment. Pamafunikanso mabanja awiri: Emu ndi Kazuarovye.
5. Kiviobraznye. Kiwis ndi flightless ratites. kulemera ndi makilogalamu 3-3.5, kutalika -. 50-80 masentimita wa thupi chivundikiro kulenga hairlike nthenga.
6. Kufikako Island njanji. Adzaupereka kwa gruiformes dongosolo. Ndi membala zing'onozing'ono mbalame flightless. Iwo amaona 13-15 cm, ndi kulemera - 37-40 chokha cha mtundu anati limapezeka pa chimodzi cha zilumba za Tristan da Cunha.
7. Kakapo Chingolopiyo. dzina lina - kadzidzi Chingolopiyo. Izi si lalikulu ndi osowa nthumwi za mtundu zili m'nkhalango mvula ya South Island la New Zealand.

mbalame Flightless: anyani

Zilombozi ndi osambira kwambiri ndi osiyana. Iwo imapezeka mu Chigawo cha kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu. Ambiri a iwo amakhala Antarctica, koma mitundu ina kupulumuka mu nyengo kotentha kapena otentha. Akuluakulu pingvinoobraznyh ikuchitika madzi 75% ya miyoyo yawo. Mbalame flightless akhoza kukhala pansi madzi chifukwa mafupa wolemera ndi zovuta, zimene ballast, ngati lamba lalikulu diver lapansi. penguin mapiko zayambika mu zipsepse. Iwo kuchepetsa chisonyezo mu sing'anga amadzimadzi pa liwiro la 15 miles / ola. Mbalame ndi streamlined thupi mawonekedwe chokhala mapazi nkhafi ndikupita, zokutira zitsulo wosanjikiza mafuta ndi nthenga madzi. katundu izi kulola penguin womasuka ngakhale madzi oundana. Kuti kufunda, ali mwakhama ndi mosamala kwambiri nthenga spaced kuti kupereka kumatira. Chinthu china chimene chimathandiza kuti apulumuke kuthengo, ndi wapadera woyera ndi wakuda mitundu ya mbalame mwafufuza. Izo zimapangitsa penguin wosaoneka zolusa m'munsi ndi kuchokera kumwamba. mbalame amakhala ndi midzi yawo, akuyesetsa kukula kwa anthu zikwi zingapo. Anyani ndi oimira ochuluka kuposa "neletunov". Mwachitsanzo, Gombe Antarctic kukaona chaka ndi kuti miliyoni 24 zilombo izi.

ratite

nthiwatiwa African - ndi mbalame yaikulu kwambiri padziko lathuli. kukula akhoza kufika 2,7 m, ndi kulemera - 160 makilogalamu. Mbalame flightless kudya udzu, mphukira za mitengo ndi zitsamba, sanyoza tizilombo inakhala yaing'ono. Mu chikhalidwe, ankaona chilengedwe cha moyo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono - mwamuna mmodzi ndi akazi angapo. Nthiwatiwa masomphenya lakuthwa kwambiri ndi kumva kwambiri. Iwo othamanga kwambiri. Mu nkhani ya ngozi, nthiwatiwa akafuna imathamanga 70 km / h. Komanso, iye ndi wankhonya wolandira kwambiri, yoteroyo wake didactylism - chida kwambiri. Weruzani nokha: pa centimeter ina ya thupi pamene kutsalima mbalame amabwera mu mphamvu makilogalamu 50. Kuwonjezera liwilo ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri nkhondo, nthiwatiwa ndi luso losiyana chinthu akudziwa bwino. Mu nkhani ya ngozi, iye wogona ndi makina khosi ndi mutu pansi, chifukwa izo ndi kovuta kusiyanitsa m'tchire wamba. Monga mukuonera, ndi woimira "neletunov" mwangwiro ndinazolowera kupulumuka kuthengo.

Nanduobraznye

Mbalame flightless sizachilendo m'mabuku America South: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay ndi Paraguay. Padziko Pampas (malo lotseguka, minda), yokutidwa ndi udzu ndi zitsamba. The wamkulu kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 140, kulemera kwake - 20-25 makilogalamu. Maonekedwe ndi moyo akufanana nthiwatiwa Rhea, koma asayansi amakhulupirira kuti ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwathunthu. Mu chikhalidwe, deta mbalame moyo mu magulu a anthu 30. Mu nkhani ya ngozi wamkulu Rhea angafikire liwiro 60 km / h. Pakati pa anthu ogwirira zachilengedwe akhoza agwire akuluakulu - nyamazi ndi pumas. Koma achinyamata akuvutika ndi matenda agalu olusa. Komanso, ngati armadillos kuwononga zisa za mbalame.

casuariiformes

Mbalame flightless ndi zambiri zofanana ndi nthiwatiwa, koma kusiyana ndicho tridactyl mphamvu. Zikupezeka Australia ndi New Guinea. Mu kumuwombera izi ziwiri basi mabanja: Emu ndi Kazuarovye. Recent kufika masentimita 170 m'litali, kulemera ndi makilogalamu 80. Iwo yodziwika ndi laterally wothinikizidwa mulomo ndi nyanga "chisoti" pa mutu. Mosiyana ndi Nthiwatiwa ndi Rhea, cassowary amakonda kukhala malowo nkhalango. Iwo amadya wagwa mitengo ya zipatso ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono. Ena a mamembala a pachikhalidwe izi ofanana ndi achibale awo pafupi - nthiwatiwa.

Kiviobraznye

Oimira mitundu ndi nocturnal ndi moyo mu nkhalango yowirira la New Zealand. Masana kiwi kubisala mu tchire ndi m'nkhalango zowirira za m'nkhalango, ndipo usiku asamayendeyende kukafunafuna chakudya, amene chifukwa tanthauzo bwino kuphunzira fungo. Iwo kudya mphutsi invertebrates ena, amene anatulutsa dothi lonyowa. Ndi mlomo wautali wa mbalame sangokhala kokha kufunafuna chakudya, komanso kupanga indentations yaing'ono tsamba zinyalala, omwe abisala.

Kufikako Island Sitima Yapamtunda

Ndi laling'ono flightless mbalame dziko. Tsopano mtundu uwu asungidwa pachilumba cha si zigawenga (iye amasulidwa anthu ndi ogwirira) zilumba za Tristan da Cunha. Poyamba, mbalame kuchita zilumba onse ozungulira, koma bambo woyera kunja amphaka kuti inawonongedwa mtundu uwu. Cowherd wakonda udzu poyera ndi fern m'nkhalango. Izo wakudya njenjete,, nyongolotsi, mbewu ndi zipatso.

Chingolopiyo kakapo

mbalame lili m'gulu pangozi. Iye akhoza kuuluka, koma mukhoza kukonza ndi lokwezeka pansi. Ngakhale pamaso pa phiko mkulu kalasi, kakapo ali minofu ofooka ndi fupa katundu popanda matumba mpweya. Mbalame ndi nocturnal ndipo akudya masamba a Mumapezekanso, ndere, zipatso ndi bowa.

Zinatha flightless mbalame

Wotchuka lero zinatha "neletunami" ndi Great Auk ndi mbalame Dodo. Woyamba wa auks banja. thupi lake kutalika anali 70 cm. Mapiko anali yaing'ono, koma loyenereradi kwa paddling m'madzi. mbalame kwathunthu zinawonongedwa zana la 19. Dodo kapena Mauritian Dodo - ndi zinatha flightless mbalame imene inkakhala ku chilumba cha Mauritius mu Indian Ocean. Zakhala kwathunthu kum'banda mwamuna ndi importations woyera amphaka pa kukula kwa dziko.

Pomaliza

Kotero ife anayang'ana pa mmene atengere moyo kuthengo flightless mbalame. Lembani monga momwe mukuonera, mfundo zosiyanasiyana ndithu. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti poyamba "neletuny" anaonekera pa zilumba chifukwa chakuti chakudya kumeneko kunali kwakukulu, kupatula ogwirira kwina kwathunthu. Zinali mwina ichi anafotokoza kuti pa zinthu izi chimodzimodzi ndi anthu kupulumuka kwa anayamba ndi underdeveloped mapiko, kapena onse popanda iwo.