Medieval Castle ya Vyborg mbiri, adiresi, Festival

Omasuka kutseka tsambali ngati simuli chidwi mu chinyumba akale, ndi kutsegula kwa maloko. Vyborg - mzinda wodabwitsa ndi mutu zambiri zosangalatsa. Pali zokopa ambiri, kuphatikizapo linga wakale. Ndicho za izo, ife kulankhula lero.

M'dera Leningrad ichi tawuni momasuka amene wagwirizira nthano ndi chinsinsi. Vyborg Castle angatchedwe mkatikati mwa mzindawo. Zinakhalapo kuyambira maziko ake. Pambuyo powerenga nkhaniyi, ndithu mukufuna kukaona Vyborg.

Museum Castle, ngati mumzindawo, lodzala ndi mzimu wa Ages Middle. Tikambirana mbiri yake, komanso zikuchitika ya Museum ndi zikondwerero umene umachitika pano. nkhani m'gulu zili zofunikira anthu amene akufuna kukaona Vyborg (Nyumbayi). Inayambira maola cha nyumbayi, adiresi ake ndi njira monga inu mungakhoze kufika kwa icho, icho angaonere. zithunzi m'nkhani ino zingakuthandizeni kuchita mu mzimu wa Ages Middle.

Kupeza kumzinda

Funso loyamba lomwe likutuluka pa anthu amene akukonza ulendo, otsatirawa: "Kodi Nyumbayi ya Vyborg (Vyborg), momwe kuchikwaniritsa?" Pali zingapo zimene mungachite chilichonse chimene ife kufotokoza payokha.

Njira yoyamba ndi kuti mzinda lofedwa.Ndivomereze Vyborg Castle, - ulendo wotsogoleredwa. Pankhaniyi, simuyenera kuganiza za m'mene angakonzekere podzera njira. A tsiku limodzi basi ulendo wa St. Petersburg ndalama za 1300-1500 rubles (kwa pensioners, ana asukulu ndi ophunzira - 1150-1350). Mabasi pafupipafupi kuchoka misewu Duma (a okwerera sitima siteshoni "Nevsky Chiyembekezo"). Maulendo kawirikawiri monga kuchezera paki MonRepos ndi loko, komanso kuyenda mu mzinda wakale.

Yachiwiri - kupita kuno ndi galimoto. Ku St. Petersburg msewu adzatenga za 1.5 maola, koma pali mwayi kulowa chotipinga.

Njira ina - basi. Kuchokera "Parnassus" siteshoni okwerera sitima kumene akupita kamodzi mu theka la ora ndi (njira nambala 850), ndi "Devyatkino" - nthawi ya maola 1.5. Ulendo nthawi ndi maola ochepa. The tikiti mudzazilipira pang'ono kuposa 200 rubles.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zii. Imeneyi kunyamuka Sitima yapamtunda ndi maola pafupifupi awiri, ndi tikiti mtengo - pafupifupi 300 rubles. Pali sitima kudya, msewu umene yafupika ola limodzi ( "kumeza" ndi "Allegro"). Onse a iwo kuchoka Finland Station.

Mukhozanso kusambira pa bwato kapena yatchi mwachindunji m'linga. Kumene sitimayo yekha ayi konse, koma n'zotheka lendi. Pali zosiyanasiyana maganizo kwa mtengo, njira ndi nambala ya anthu Vyborg ndi St. Petersburg.

Msewu ya kulinga

Tiyeni tikambirane mmene angakwanitsire kulinga ku Vyborg kuti okwerera sitima / sitima (by njira, siteshoni basi ndi pafupi, kotero njira imeneyi ndi yabwino, ndi anthu amene anabwera pa basi). Choyamba, muyenera kulowa Leningrad Avenue (kuchokera okwerera sitima / sitima kumanja). Pitani molunjika - ndipo inu nokha mu malingaliro wokongola wa padoko wa. Chilimwe molunjika ku kasupe wa madzi. Kukhala pang'ono, mudzaona kumanzere linali lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri kugulitsa zosiyanasiyana alendo (kwenikweni, dzina lake odziwikiratu - Market Square). Apa ndi wotchuka wozungulira nsanja, imene ndi imodzi mwa nyumba yakale ya Vyborg. Komabe, sitingapitirize kukhala pano yaitali. Sitepe yoyamba ndi kukaona chinyumba.

Posachedwa muona nsanja yake yapamwamba, ndi amene adzakhala oongoka. Onani kuti sitifunika yoyamba ndi yachiwiri mlatho (a Castle), kotero choyamba inu mukufuna kupita. angolowa kumene m'banja kwambiri pochitika pa linga Bridge, kotero pano mudzaona kwambiri maloko.

Choncho ife tikufika potsiriza pa Castle Island, pamene ife kupereka dziko osiyana kwambiri. Ngati inu simukhala amatengeka ndi zithunzi ndi akutama mzinda, msewu 1.5 Km yaitali adzatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20.

Mbiri ya m'linga

M'pofunika kunena mwakamodzi kuti Vyborg Castle - mmodzi yekha mu dziko lathu, ndi chipilala cha Kamangidwe ka European Middle Ages, zinasungidwa kuti masiku athu. Mbiri ya zomangamanga ake akuyamba mu 1293. Akukhulupirira kuti anali ndiye anakhazikitsa yekha Vyborg.

Castle mu mbiri Vyborg

Maziko a mzinda zinachitika pa Kampeni Chachitatu, asilikali a Sweden amene anakonza kuti anali pamene Novgorod Karelian dziko. Pa msonkhano, polimbana Torkel Knutsson, ndiye mkulu wa Sweden, analanda Western Karelia. Mu gawo wotanganidwa, analamula yomanga linga lolimba, lomwe lero amanyadira za Vyborg. A Nyumbayi akale anamanga pamalopo, amene kale anali Karelian-Novgorod zokhalamo. Marshall anaipha, kenako asilikali a Sweden anayamba kumanga mpanda wolimba.

Kuyambira pamenepo, Torkel Knutsson ankaona anayambitsa mzinda wa Vyborg ndi Vyborg Castle. Nzosadabwitsa kutali lapitali, pa malo a Old Town Hall, ndi chipilala. Koma ziyenera kuti ena a mbiri yakale mukayikire pa nkhani zaumwini za kulamulira mu msonkhano, ngakhale kuti bungwe kukaona kuti Karelia.

Asilikali a Sweden mwasankha malo achitetezo kwa bwino: phiri chilumba, lubwe thanthwe. Insularity komanso amaonetsetsa kupezeka kwa ngozi madzi, kotero simungathe kukumba dzenje. Kwa zaka 400, chinyumba anakhala malo achitetezo a Vyborg asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda kulamulira pa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba. Iye kuzilandira pa njira ndi asilikali kufunika yekha Stockholm ndipo anali pa ndime ndi Kalmar Castle.

The etymology dzina la "Vyborg"

Mofananamo, samadziwika za etymology dzina la mzinda ndi linga. "Vyborg", malinga ndi Mabaibulo zofunika - ndi "m'nyengo ya Gulf" kapena "linga woyera". Ndi buku atsopano ndi ambiri, monga lemba la King Birger anati za kachisi mu ulemu wa Mulungu ndi Namwali Wodalitsidwa.

Gawo loyamba la ntchito yomanga

Mu gawo loyamba la ntchito yomanga Vyborg Castle inkakhala makoma, kuphimba wozungulira lonse la mapiri a pachilumbachi. Pakati pa khoma anali yaikulu lalikulu nsanja zida St. Olav (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). Iye dzina lake polemekeza Olaf II - mmodzi wa oyera kwambiri akulemekezedwa ku Scandinavia, Norway mfumu, Baptisti ndi womenya ndi chikunja. nsanja inali zosatheka chikugwirizana ndi makoma a mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Iyo inali ndende, akuima yekha pakati. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndende ili pa nthawi anali wapamwamba lonse la Scandinavia. Mu chapansi pa nsanja ya St. Olaf anali katundu ukapolo ndi kusungidwa, ndipo pa yosanja ndi zipinda za kazembe ndi anamuperekeza wake. Ndi apa kuti mfumu ya ku Sweden anakhala pamaulendo mzindawu.

zofukulidwa m'mabwinja asonyeza kuti makulidwe a malinga a nsanja ya St. Olaf anali mamita 4 ndi Vyborg linga - mamita 1.5-2. Kulumikizidwa zomera matabwa adathamanga pamodzi kukafika kutsogolo kwa mpanda linga (otchedwa nkhondowo kusuntha kapena kulondera njira). Pa phiri wa chisumbucho, pa makoma awa, ndipo anapanga poyamba anamanga mu Vyborg. anthu mzinda chinakula mofulumira, ndi Castle wa chisumbucho sikunali kokwanira. Vyborg anawolokera kumtunda ku Cape, yomwe ili m'mphepete kum'mawa kwa njirayi.

Kuyesa kubwerera kumzinda

Novgorod anayesa kugwila Nyumbayi ndi atengenso otayika pansi 1294 ndi 1322, koma chiwembu analephera, ngakhale kuti mu 1322-mamita kuukira zinachitikadi ndi mwapang'onopang'ono (makina ntchito kamnemetnye). M'malire a dziko la Sweden ndi dziko Novgorod pa Orekhovskaya dziko, kutha 1323, unachitikira ndi Mlongo Mtsinje. Ufumu wa Sweden analandira kumadzulo kwa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba.

Castle pansi Karl Knutsson ndi m'malo

Pa malo a kumpanda m'zaka za m'ma 15. (pamene Karl Knutsson anali bwanamkubwa) anali zogona nyumba kutalika kwa mbewu angapo. Mapeto ndi asilikali vaulted pachimake mbali moyang'ana mzinda ndi mlatho. Pa nthawi yomweyo nsanja inamangidwa yokonza nsapato. Mu ulamuliro wa Karl Knutsson Castle yotengedwa ndi ulemerero wapadera ndi luster. nyumba, anakongoletsa boma zipinda mipira ndi chikondwerero, maholo knightly, kukakonza phaka lachitatu la nyumba zazikulu, amene kale anatanthauza yekha chitetezo cha zinamangidwa.

Yomanga izi sanamalize. Pambuyo Karl Knutsson anasiya m'linga, ntchito anapitiriza kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'malo - Eric Tott ndi Sten Sture. Pa nthawi imeneyo, chinyumba anakhalabe mpando wa kazembe, komanso likulu la moyo ndale ya Vyborg. Mu ngodya kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa paradaiso nsanja linamangidwa - woyamba nsanja yozungulira mu Nyumbayi (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). Iwo osuta anaonekera masitovu tiled. Makoma nsanja ya St. Olaf mkati nkhuni pomangira ndi chapamwamba Nyumbayi bwalo anali kunapangitsa ndi mwala.

Athandiza Erika Totta

Mkulu wa linga pakati pa zaka za m'ma 15 anali Eric Totti, ndiyeno pansi 4 a nyumba zikuluzikulu anali n'kukhala m'nyumba. Panalinso pansi chachisanu, cholinga chitetezo. Tott pa kumanganso kulinga ntchito mwambo wa zomangamanga kumbuyo anatengera kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Isanafike moto pafupipafupi chimene chinawononga ulemerero wa m'linga, mawonekedwe ake ndi mawonekedwe anali oyambirira kalembedwe Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Tott hedged Vyborg mwala khoma ndi nsanja (pa chilumba cha, limene lili patsogolo pa linga la). Choncho, Vyborg Castle pang'onopang'ono anatenga kumbuyo malo a linga la. Town Hall Tower, ndi pozinga kenako ndi mbali chabe ya izo, zisungidwe kuti masiku athu.

"Vyborg Thunder"

Vyborg mu September 1495 chisoni chochitika, amene anapita mu mbiri monga "Vyborg Thunder". Chirasha Swedish nkhondo inayambika basi chaka chino, ndi Ivan III anaganiza kutumiza asilikali mkuntho Vyborg Castle. Kwa nthawi yoyamba yaikulu likungosonyeza mfuti ankagwiritsa ntchito kuwonongedwa kwa mpanda. nsanja ziwiri anakomoka, sangathe sidzaima, ndipo wina anapangidwa yopuma. Asilikali a Sweden motsogozedwa ndi mkulu Knut Posse anapulumuka asilikali, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono Russian ndi ukulu wawo lapadera. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, woyendetsa analamula anthu ake potentha osakaniza ufa (mwina mbiya ya utomoni), kenako Kusokoneza ena nsanja Nyumbayi. Utsi ndi chiphokoso zinachititsa kuti adani chisokonezo, ndipo iwo anabwerera.

Kuzinga mzinda adapachikidwa, panali nkhondo posachedwa inaimitsidwa. Ndipo za "Vyborg kuphulika" anayamba kuyenda nthano. Knut Posse ngakhale analemba mphamvu zamatsenga. Mwachitsanzo, iwo anali kunena kuti kuzinga iye yophika "infernal kum'soŵetsa mtendere" mu kukatentha yaikulu. Komanso panali mabuku amene pamene asilikali Swedish anali za n'kutsamira manja ake, mwadzidzidzi Saltire zaoneka kudzulu. Russian pa atamuona mantha nathawa. Wina Baibulo wosangalatsa ali kuti mzinda padali phanga, "Smellie", omwe anali kupanga kubangula yoopsa njira za mdani.

anapitiriza kumanga

Main nsanja 1564 anali seveni nkhani (kale panali kokha mmunsi mwa lalikulu). Kumtunda tsopano octagonal mawonekedwe ndi munakhazikitsa Cannon kudula mu mpanda. Chifukwa munakhazikitsa zingachititse zozungulira mfuti. Onani kuti zomangamanga wa asamangodzifunira pa nthawi iyi anali woyamba ntchito njerwa.

Malinga Stolbovo kutha 1617, a Swedish malire wambiri kwambiri patsogolo kwambiri m'mayiko a Novgorod. Border ndi kufunika lankhondo la mzinda wa Vyborg anagwa, kotero a nyumba ntchito ngati ndende. Gawo la mzinda mpaka m'ma 18 a asilikali a Sweden. Panthawi imeneyi, loko mphamvu, ndi kulembedwa.

Vyborg pambuyo adani a mzinda ndi Peter I

Peter Ine patapita kuzinga yaitali ndi bombardment anatenga Vyborg June 3, 1710, koma asilikali a Sweden anali pachangu palibe kuti achoke mu mzindawo. Swedish chinayambira ku Vyborg mpaka m'ma 19.

City ndi Vyborg Nyumbayi pambuyo adani a asilikali Russian anawonongedwa. mkhalidwe wawo unali womvetsa chisoni. ndiye yekha Mukalowa mu 1721 ndi Pangano la Nystad, potsiriza wotetezedwa malire Vyborg anayamba kumanga moyo wamtendere. Nyumbayi anayamba kuchita yaikulu ntchito yobwezeretsa. Koma mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 18, anakwatulidwa pakati Annenkrone ndi mphamvu nyanga wangwiro malinga, kotero anataya tanthauzo lake kale nkhondo. Nyumbayi inali ntchito nyumba Russian asilikali.

Mbiri wotsatira wa mzindawo wakhala kovuta. Iye anapita ku Finns mu 1918 Komabe, pa Chirasha Chifinishi nkhondo (1939-1940.) Iwo anatenga asilikali Soviet. Koma patapita zaka zochepa, pa chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, kumene anadutsa Vyborg Finland.

Kenako mu 1944, linali choyamba USSR kenako Russia. Panopa chilumba ndi mpanda wolimba ndi State Museum "Vyborg Castle". Idamangidwa pa July 13, 1960 Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 antchito owonetsera zakale anali ndi mavuto. chakuti nsanja ili m'mphepete mwa phompho anayamba sag. Chifukwa chimodzi - zotsatira zivomerezi, ndi zina - zoyendera lolemera. Panopa vuto likakonzeka.

Tsopano ndikuuzeni kuti zinthu zosangalatsa Tingaone mu nyumbayi.

Nsanja ya St. Olaf

Alendo zochuluka maganizo kuchokera kukwera pa nsanja. Kuti phiri, muyenera kuthana ndi masitepe 239 wa staircase mwachilungamo phompho. Izi zimafunika zina thupi kukonzekera, koma mphotho sizitenga nthawi yaitali, kotero kupita patsogolo! Akukwera, mukhoza amasirira maganizo kuchokera mawindo. Chapamwamba mudzapeza zikusonyeza maganizo a Bay ndi mzinda.

Mukhoza ntchito padziko nsanja kuchokera kumbali zonse. Mudzaona mzinda ndi zomangamanga chidwi, zachilendo kwa Russia. madenga Mipikisano wachikuda wa zosiyanasiyana kulenga kukoma kwa Vyborg. Mungaone pano, ndi Chiwalitsiro Cathedral ndi Clock Tower, ndi zikhomo ena.

Museum "Vyborg Castle"

Pambuyo kuyendera chionetsero cha nyumbayi, mudzakhala wofufuza mbiri wamba ndipo ankhondo a m'derali, mu moyo wa anthu, komanso mudziwe zambiri za ntchito yomanga nyumbayi. Apa mudzapeza mndandanda wa miyambo uziyenda, mzinda kwa nthawi yaitali mpaka malire. Nature wa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba, kumene Vyborg, anathera chionetsero osiyana. Zotolera chidali cha nyumbayi - zojambula ndi zosemasema ya V. V. Kozlova ndi L. A. Ditriha, mbiya ndi Numismatic deta.

zisudzo kanthawi zikondwerero

Apa izo si okhazikika zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho - zonse imachitikanso zisudzo zosakhalitsa. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku lina mu nyumbayi ankachitika mtengo chipinda. Inde, pamalo eerie, koma chionetserochi anali bwino yaikulu mwa alendo.

Nthawi zambiri mu chinyumba motsogozedwa zamaulendo ndi mapulogalamu zokambirana. Mwachitsanzo, wotchuka mbiri asilikali madyerero apachaka chikukhudza jousting. Nyumbayi mu mzimu akale a lero makamaka anamva, komanso kuzungulira mzindawo. Kuwonjezera nkhondo knightly, zikondwerero akhoza kumvetsera nyimbo akale, kuona zithunzi za ku moyo wa anthu a m'nthawi imeneyo komanso nawo zokambirana ndi kuphunzira malonda. Komanso mwayi wogwiritsa kuponya muvi ndi uta ndi kukaona akale phwando.

A zambiri alendo amapita zikondwerero ku Vyborg. "Knight a Castle," Mwachitsanzo, pachaka. Mwa njira, zinachitika posachedwapa, pa July 30-31, ndipo wayamba kale kukhala 21 mu mzere. Alendo kuyembekezera nkhondo yaikulu atavala mwa asilikari zida phazi, kokayenda ndi mahatchi jousting thupi. Basi chifukwa cha ichi mukhoza kukaona Vyborg. Wapadziko "Knight a Castle" wanyamula kwambiri alendo. Iwo anali kusangalatsidwa ndi minstrels akale, ndipo pambuyo nkhondo za Ankhondo ndi madona awo munaphunzitsidwa obwera onse akale kuvina.

Usiku, alendo amene asankha kukaona chikondwerero "Knight a Castle" (Vyborg) Moto anadikira chifaniziro ndi chinjoka ndi Bwalo la Inquisition ndi aphedwe. The yopuma anali ana a nkhondo, zosangalatsa ndi masewera, komanso kupikisana kwa ophunzira ndi masewera. M'mabwalo ndi Chotsimikizika chilungamo nawonso anapita anafika ku chikondwerero "Knight a Castle". Vyborg, alendo kunena, mu mochedwa July, ngati anasamukira ku m'mbuyomu. Mpweya anakhalabe otchulidwa akale (Russian Knights ndi Ankhondo European), amene anaika mu gawo la chikondwerero msasa wawo kuguba.

Pa nthawi ya chikondwerero ndi moyo kwambiri Vyborg. "Knight a Castle" - chimodzi cha zochitika chidwi kwambiri mu mzindawo.

maola oyambirira a adiresi m'nyumbayi

Chidwi Vyborg ndi chinyumba wake wakale? Pitani nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Koma nthawi zina pamafunika alendo Vyborg Castle. mode ake a ntchito - kuchokera 11:00 kuti 19:00 pa masiku onse a sabata koma Friday. Lachisanu, izo atseka oyambirira - maola 18.

Kotero, tsopano inu mukudziwa kumene mukhoza kukaona chinyumba ya Vyborg. The mode opaleshoni kuti amalola mukufuna maulendo tsiku lirilonse la pamulungu. Ambiri a inu mwina mukufuna kudziwa kulankhula. Mulimonsemo, ndi kumpatsa, ngakhale, osalephera, mudzakhala mosavuta kupeza Nyumbayi mu Vyborg. Adliesi izo mophweka: Castle Island, 1.

Kodi nzeru kukaona malowa? Ndithudi, m'nyumbayi si chidwi, koma mzinda wa Vyborg. Nyumbayi, yomwe ndemanga kwambiri zabwino, makamaka okonda Zapakati.