Mfuti ya TTX Kalashnikov, chipangizo ndi cholinga

Nkhaniyi ikukhudzana ndi zida za mbiri ya dziko, zomwe zakhala zikuyambika nyengo yomwe ikuyambira zida zapanyumba. TTX ya mfuti ya Kalashnikov inasintha kuchokera ku chitsanzo chimodzi, komabe ntchitoyi sinasinthe. Miyambo yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi Mlengi mu chitsanzo chake inalepheretsanso: khalidwe, kudalirika, kuphweka komanso moyo wautali.

Mbiri ...

Zomwe zinafunikira kuti pakhale chitsanzo chabwino cha zida ndizo zotsatira za msonkhano wa bungwe la People's Commissariat wa USSR mu Julayi 1943, pomwe chiwonetsero chotengedwa cha German StG-44 ndi American carbine M1 Carbine chinatulutsidwa.

Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, kachipangizo kamene kanali ndi 7.62 x 41 mm kamangidwe, kenaka cartridge inakonzedwanso, motero, chiwerengerocho chinasinthidwa kukhala 7.62 x 39 mm.

Pambuyo pake, malingaliro amtunduwu adalengezedwa, zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale chitukuko chotchuka chotchedwa automaton.

Mu 1947, adasankha kuyambitsa kupanga automaton ku Izhevsk. Patadutsa zaka ziwiri, adatengera mitundu iwiri: AK omwe ali ndi 7.62 mm komanso chitsanzo chophatikizapo AKC - chimodzimodzi.

1959 anatsimikizira kumasulidwa kwa makinawo. Zowonongeka zomwe zimapezeka panthawiyi zinakonzedwa, pogwiritsa ntchito makina a TKB-517 omwe kale amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mfuti zatsopano za TTX Kalashnikov zinapangidwa ndipo mfuti yoyamba yopangidwa ndi AKM inapangidwa.

Mwadzidzidzi

Kalashnikov ndi mfuti yokhayokha, TTX ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zinasinthidwa kuchokera ku chinthu chimodzi kupita ku china kuti zipangitse bwino, kudalirika ndi kuwongolera khalidwe. Komabe, mapangidwewo sanasinthe.

Kuyambira pachiyambi cha mfuti ya AK (Kalashnikov) 74, TTX, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa panthawiyo, yakhala yoyambira yopanga malingaliro opangidwa. Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a matope, mawonekedwe a chogwirira, ndi kutalika kwa thunthu anasintha. Zitsanzo za zana la zana (kuphatikizapo zojambula za mpeni) zimapereka jack pofuna kukweza grenade launcher. Mbadwo wachisanu wa makina opanga (mwachitsanzo, AK-12) ali ndi Picassini slats poyika mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo, monga zojambula zamagetsi kapena zozizira, laser laser or flashlight. Mphamvu, cholinga, TTX ya mfuti ya Kalashnikov ikukula bwino.

Ntchito ya zigawo zazikulu za mankhwala

Tsopano ndi koyenera kuima mwachindunji pa chigawo chirichonse, kuti asokoneze, gawo lirilonse limatumikira.

Mphepete - cholinga chake ndicho kufotokoza njira ya kuthawa kwa bullet.

Bokosi la Trunk - limagwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi makina onse, ndikupanga kutsekedwa kwa mthunzi wa ndodo komanso kutseka.

Chivundikiro cha wolandila - chimalimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'kati mwa mankhwala (kuikidwa mu wolandila) kuchokera ku chinyengo ndi kulowa mkati mwa zinthu zakunja.

Kupanga chipangizo - chimapangidwanso ndi maso ndi maso. Ikonzedwa kuti iwonetse mbiya ya mfuti yotchedwa submachine mfuti pachilombo cha kuwombera bwino kwambiri.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito - amapereka kuwombera kosavuta ndi chogwiritsira ntchito.

Chophimba chotsekemera - chimagwiritsa ntchito bolt ndi njira yopangira. Chotsulocho chimatumiza cartridge m'chipindamo, kutseka phokoso la mbiya, chimathyola chipolopolo cha capsule, imachotsa manjawo.

Njira yobweretsera - imabweretsa chimango cha shutter ndi bolt ku malo apachiyambi (patsogolo).

Gwiritsira ntchito gasi ndi ndodo - chitetezeni manja a muvi kuchoka pamoto, komanso kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe kake ka piston.

Njira yododometsa - imakoka chiwombankhanga, chomwe chiri pamalo otetezedwa (omenyana). Amamenyana ndi womenyayo, motero amatsimikizira kuti moto umangotuluka kapena kuwombera. Zimathandizira kuimitsa moto, kuika mu fuse mode, komanso kumapewa nsomba pamene bolt yatsekedwa.

Cevieu - imathandiza kumvetsa bwino thupi la makina pamene akuwombera. Pamodzi ndi chubu ya gasi imateteza mivi ya kanjedza kuchokera ku moto.

Kusungirako - kumasungira ndi kutumiza makanishi amathawa, komanso kudyetsa chipinda m'chipinda kuti apange kuwombera mosiyana.

Mpeni wa bayonet umagwiritsidwa ntchito pajambuzi la bayonet kapena mtundu wina uliwonse wothandizana nawo pafupi pa malo ovomerezeka. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga mpeni, monga saw komanso ngati wodula waya.

TTX Kalashnikov AK-74 ndipo osati kokha

Mchitidwe wamakono wa Kalashnikov AK-74M uli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: kulemera kwake kwa mankhwalawa ndi 3,6 makilogalamu popanda makatoni, 3.9 makilogalamu - atanyamula, 5.8 makilogalamu - popanda makatiketi, koma ndi masomphenya a usiku omwe amawona chitsanzo cha NSPUM, kuwona mtundu womwewo wa NSPU- 3 ndi yochepa kwambiri - yokha 0,1 makilogalamu.

Sitolo yopanda kanthu imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 0,2, ndipo mpeni wa bayonet kunja kwa scabbard ndi 0.32 kg okha.

Kutalika kwa makina ndi mamita 940, ndipo ndi bayonet - 1089 mm yokhazikika. Ndi chiwongolero choperekedwa, chiwerengero ichi chiri ndi mtengo wake wa 943, ndipo chiri ndi mapaundi - 704 millimita. Pomwe kuwombera mfuti zamtundu wa TTX Kalashnikov zikuchitika.

Kutalika kwa mbiyayi ndi mamita 415, kuphatikizapo makina osungunula omwe amaikidwa ndi compensator komanso 372 mm - popanda.

M'lifupi ndilo mbali yeniyeni ya mfuti ya TTX Kalashnikov. Ndi ma millimita 70 kuchokera mu mtengo wogulitsa. Kutalika ndi 195 mm.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mafashoni onse ndi ofanana - njira yochotsera magetsi a mfuti zopsereza ndi valve yodutsa - ngakhale kusintha kuchokera ku chitsanzo kupita ku TTX Kalashnikov.

5.45 - chiwerengero cha AK-74M zamakono.

TTX Kalashnikov AKS-74U ndi zinthu zochepa zochititsa chidwi

Mfuti ya Kalashnikov ikufupikitsidwa - ichi ndi chidule cha dzina la chida. Ndizofupikitsa za AK-74, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa nkhondo kumalo ochepa omwe ali mkatimo: kukonzekera kuchuluka kwa maulendo a zankhondo pamtendere kapena kumenyana (mwachitsanzo, BTR-80), kuwerengera kwa mfuti zamtundu uliwonse, ndi magulu oyenda pansi. Chimaimira zida za chitetezo, zatsimikiziridwa zokhazokha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake ndi kulemera kwake.

Ali ndi zolemera pafupifupi 3 kg ndi cartridges ndi 2.7 makilogalamu - popanda iwo. Kulemera kwa sitolo ndi 0.21 kg, kuyika kwa maso a NSPUM omwe akulemera 2.2 kg akuperekedwa.

Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa ndi mamitamita 730 ndi katundu wowonongeka, 490 - motero, opangidwa. Kutalika kwa thunthu ndi 206 mm.

Mlingo wa moto umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku 600 mpaka 700 kuzungulira pa mphindi. Zolinga zamakono ndi mamita 500, koma zogwira - mamita 300 okha.

Chipolopolo chinachotsedwa ku AKS-74U chimatha kukhazikitsa liwiro loyamba la 735 m / s.

Zida za AKS-74U

Poona momwe dzikoli likuyendera poyambitsa zida zazing'ono zomwe zilipo kale, ojambula a USSR m'zaka za m'ma 1970 adasamalira kuti apange mfuti yofanana ya mfuti yomwe inalipo kale.

Poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira, "kuyanika" (nthawi zina pali matembenuzidwe ndi chilembo "h" mmalo mwa "sh") ali ndi zotsatirazi:

• Thunthu lofupikitsidwa kwambiri loponyedwa, lomwe limatumikira ngati womanga moto wamoto;
• Ndodo ya gasi ya pistoni yafupikitsidwa kawiri;
• Kuchotsa dongosolo la kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa moto;
• Njira yowonjezera yowonjezera kuthawa kwa chipolopolo ndi thunthu loponyedwa.

Ubwino

Chofunika kwambiri ndi mtundu wapamwamba woponyera zida za mtundu uwu. Koma izi sizowonjezera zokha. Tiyeneranso kutchulidwa:

• Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakung'ono, kuvala zobisika ndi kotheka;
• Zodalirika, zosavuta kusokoneza, kuyeretsa ndi kubwereranso;
• Kuthamanga kwakukulu.

Kuipa

Ngakhale kuti ambiri ali ndi AKS-74U, mankhwalawa ali ndi zofooka zingapo. Ena mwa iwo amachititsa kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi, ena amafunika kuledzera. Chirichonse chimadalira zofuna ndi mwayi wa mwiniwake.

• Choyamba, maso amaso ali otsika kwambiri molondola poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe ake oyambirira.
• Kuwonetsera mofanana kumakhala kochepa, poyerekeza ndi kachitidwe kameneka ka makina.
• Kuchuluka kwachepa kwachitapo kanthu. Liwu limeneli limatanthawuza chigawo cha bullet, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mdaniyo apitirize kuchita chilichonse pambuyo poti chipolopolo chikugunda. Pachifukwa ichi, chizindikiro chochepa cha parameteryi chikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito 5.45 caliber.
• Mtengowu umangomva msanga chifukwa cha kukula kwake.

Kalashnikov ndi makina opanga okha mu chikhalidwe chambiri

M'mayiko angapo a ku Africa, anyamata obadwawo amatchedwa "Kalash". Mavesi a maina oterewa ndi ambiri.

Chimodzi mwa ziphunzitsozo chimanena kuti chimatchulidwa ndi msilikali wa filimuyo "Mphindi 22" - Pirate wa Somalia amene anathandiza protagonist.

Malingana ndi Baibulo lina, akuti dzina silinafanane ndi mfuti ya Kalashnikov, koma limatanthawuza chinthu china m'zinenero zakuthengo.

Ndiponso palinso kutanthauzira kwachipembedzo, kozikika mu zipembedzo zonyansa, zochokera ku chipembedzo cha makolo athu. Maganizo awa amachitika ndi pafupifupi 16% mwa anthu a ku Africa.

Malingana ndi kutanthauzira uku, mfuti ya Kalashnikov ikudziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi kuti ndi kovuta kutchula dziko limene silikanakhudza. Makamaka, m'nkhondo zingapo zankhondo komanso m'dera la Africa, chida ichi chinagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Pamapeto pake, zinafika kuti mafuko angapo a ku Africa omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito "Kalash" yotchuka adadziwika chida ichi ndi mzimu wa kholo lalikulu, omwe angathe kuvulaza ndi kuteteza. Chifukwa chake, pamene mwana wabadwa, choncho ndi msilikali, amatchedwa "Kalash", kutanthauza kuti, msilikali wamtsogolo adzakula, kuthandizidwa ndi chiyembekezo cha banja lonse.

Koma ichi ndi chimodzi chabe mwa ziphunzitsozo.

Pa zithunzi za magulu ambiri oimba osiyanasiyana, zifanizo za mfuti za Kalashnikov zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mu nyimbo yakuti "Dragunov" ya Swedish Industrial Group Raubtier, mfuti ya ku Kalashnikov imatchulidwa m'nkhani zotsatirazi:

«Dragunov ndi Stolichnaya

Smirnoff ndi Kalashnikoff ».

Izi ndizodziwika bwino zomwe zapezeka mfuti ya Kalashnikov. Chipangizo, cholinga, TTX pankhaniyi sikukhudzidwa.

"Kalashnikov" pamakono a mayiko a dziko lapansi

Pali automaton yotchuka yomwe ilipo panthawi zosiyanasiyana m'manja a mayiko angapo. Mwachitsanzo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mikono ndi mbendera ya Mozambique (ndi bayonet yomwe ilipo), mu ofalitsa za boma la Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso kuyambira 1987 mpaka 1997.

Kuchokera mu 2007, ndime za "Kalash" zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachida cha East Timor.

Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu chizindikiro cha "Red Vanguard" - bungwe la chikomyunizimu la Bolshevik, lomwe limapezeka m'mayiko omwe kale anali USSR.

Gulu la asilikali odzipereka la ku Ukraine lodzipereka, lomwe linapangidwa kuti liwononge nkhondo ya m'deralo ku Donbass, ikuphatikizanso mfuti ya ku Kalashnikov.